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                <title xml:lang="fr">Sceau de Constantin, spatharocandidat impérial et <hi rend="italic">ek prosôpou</hi> des Thracésiens</title>
                <title xml:lang="en">Seal of Constantine, imperial spatharokandidatos and <hi rend="italic">ek prosopou</hi> of Thrakesion</title>
                <editor role="seal-editor" xml:id="JCC">Jean-Claude Cheynet</editor>
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                    <orgName corresp="https://anr.fr/">Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR)</orgName>, France / <orgName corresp="https://www.dfg.de/">Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG)</orgName>, Deutschland
                </funder>
                <principal>Alessio Sopracasa</principal>
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                    <seg xml:lang="fr">Amélioration digitale</seg>
                    <seg xml:lang="en">Digital enhancement</seg>
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                <editor role="digital-editor" xml:id="NB" when="2024-05-13">Numa Buchs</editor>
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                <authority>ANR/DFG DigiByzSeal - Unlocking the Hidden Value of Seals: New
                    Methodologies for Historical Research in Byzantine Studies</authority>
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                                    <p xml:lang="fr">Nettement échancré aux orifices du canal ; flan partiellement cassé ; en voie d’oxydation.</p>
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                                <seg xml:lang="fr">IXe s. (première moitié)</seg>
                                <seg xml:lang="en">9th C. (first half)</seg>
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                                            with the usual tetragram.</figDesc>
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                                        <p xml:lang="fr">Légende linéaire sur 5 lignes</p>
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               <div type="textpart" subtype="face" n="obv" rend="monogram-cross" xml:lang="grc">
                      <ab>
                        <lb n="1"/><expan><ex>Θεοτόκε βοήθει</ex></expan> τῷ σῷ <supplied reason="lost">δού</supplied>λῳ
                      </ab>
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                      <ab>
                          <lb n="2"/>+ <expan><abbr>Κωνσ</abbr>
                          <lb n="3" break="no"/><supplied reason="lost"><abbr>τ</abbr></supplied><abbr>αντ</abbr><ex>ίνῳ</ex></expan> <expan><abbr>β</abbr><ex>ασιλικῷ</ex></expan> <expan><abbr>σπα</abbr>
                          <lb n="4" break="no"/><supplied reason="lost"><abbr>θα</abbr></supplied><abbr>ρ</abbr><ex>ο</ex><abbr>κανδ</abbr><ex>ιδάτῳ</ex></expan> <expan><abbr>κ</abbr><ex>αὶ</ex></expan> ἐ
                          <lb n="5" break="no"/><supplied reason="lost">κ</supplied> <expan><abbr>προσόπ</abbr><ex>ου</ex></expan> <supplied reason="lost">τῳ</supplied>
                          <lb n="6" break="no"/>ν <expan><abbr>Θρ</abbr><supplied reason="lost"><abbr>ᾳκ</abbr><ex>ησίων</ex></supplied></expan>
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                 <div type="textpart" subtype="face" n="obv" rend="columns" xml:lang="grc">
                       <ab>
                          <lb n="0"/>Κ–Ο–Τ–.–.–Θ–Τ–Σ–..Λ
                       </ab>
                   </div>   
                 
                  <div type="textpart" subtype="face" n="rev" rend="linear" xml:lang="grc">
                     <ab>
                          <lb n="1"/>ΚΝΣ
                          <lb n="2"/>.ΑΝΤ/Β/ΣΠΑ
                          <lb n="3"/>..Ρ/ΚΑΝΔ/ΚΕ
                          <lb n="4"/>.ΠΡΟΣΟΠ..
                         <lb n="5"/>ΝΘΡ..
                        
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              <div type="translation">
                  <p>Θεοτόκε βοήθει τῷ σῷ δούλῳ / + Κωνσταντίνῳ βασιλικῷ σπαθαροκανδιδάτῳ καὶ ἐκ προσόπου τῶν Θρᾳκησίων.</p>
                  <p xml:lang="en">Theotokos help your servant Constantine, imperial spatharokandidatos and <hi rend="italic">ek prosopou</hi> of Thrakesion.</p>
                  <p xml:lang="fr">Théotokos aide ton serviteur Constantin, spatharocandidat impérial et <hi rend="italic">ek prosôpou</hi> des Thracésiens.</p>
              </div>
              <div type="commentary" subtype="text">
                  <p xml:lang="fr">Le nom de Thracésiens
                      s’explique par l’origine de ses soldats détachés
                      du thème de Thrace pour faire face à une menace
                      arabe plus immédiatement dangereuse que celle
                      des barbares des Balkans. Si le premier stratège
                      est attesté seulement en 741, il est possible que
                      le thème ait été créé dès la fi n du viie siècle, après
                      les premières grandes offensives arabes contre
                      Constantinople dans les années 670.
                      Le sceau est mal conservé et on peut hésiter entre la lecture Thrace ou Thracésiens. Deux éléments
                      plaident en faveur des Thracésiens. D’une part, il semble y avoir un N avant le Y et, d’autre part la collection
                      contient de nombreuses bulles de ce thème. Nous ignorons si notre Constantin est identique à l’homonyme,
                      spathaire impérial et ek prosopou de Thrace (ou des Thracésiens, possibilité qui n’est pas complètement
                      exclue par les éditeurs), qui a laissé un sceau contemporain de même avers, car Constantin est un nom assez
                      répandu[1].
                  </p>
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              <div type="commentary" subtype="footnotes">
                  <p xml:lang="fr" xml:id="footnote-1">
                      [1]  (DO 55.1.767, éd. ZACos – veglery, no 1831 ; <hi rend="italic">DOSeals</hi> 1.71.6).
                  </p> 
                 
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                          <ptr target="CheynetTatış"/>, <citedRange unit="page">160-161</citedRange>
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