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                <title xml:lang="fr">Sceau de Michel, patrice, protospathaire impérial et maître des
                        <hi rend="italic">offikia</hi> impériaux</title>
                <title xml:lang="en">Seal of Michael, patrikios, imperial protospatharios and master
                    of the imperial offices</title>
                <editor role="seal-editor" xml:id="JCC">Jean-Claude Cheynet</editor>
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                    <orgName corresp="https://anr.fr/">Agence Nationale de la Recherche
                        (ANR)</orgName>, France / <orgName corresp="https://www.dfg.de/">Deutsche
                        Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG)</orgName>, Deutschland </funder>
                <principal>Alessio Sopracasa</principal>
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                    <seg xml:lang="fr">Amélioration digitale</seg>
                    <seg xml:lang="en">Digital enhancement</seg>
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                <editor role="digital-editor" xml:id="SM" when="2024-04-02">Sima Meziridou</editor>
                <editor role="digital-editor" xml:id="AS" when="2024-11-04">Alessio
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                <authority>ANR/DFG DigiByzSeal - Unlocking the Hidden Value of Seals: New
                    Methodologies for Historical Research in Byzantine Studies</authority>
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                            <forename>Μιχαήλ</forename>
                            <surname>Λαχανοδράκων </surname>
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                            <forename>Michel</forename>
                            <surname>Lachanodrakôn</surname>
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                            <forename>Michael</forename>
                            <surname>Lachanodrakon</surname>
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                                            originale</interp>
                                        <interp type="workType" xml:lang="en">Original
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                                    <p xml:lang="fr">Légèrement échancré aux orifices du canal;
                                        rogné dans la partie supérieure du flan; belle frappe.</p>
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                                        trimmed in the upper part of the blank; well struck.</p>
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                                <seg xml:lang="fr">VIIIe siècle (seconde moitié)</seg>
                                <seg xml:lang="en">8th C., second half</seg>
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                                        <p xml:lang="fr">Monogramme cruciforme invocatif de type
                                            Laurent V, cantonné du tétragramme commun.</p>
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                                            Laurent V type, with the customary syllables.</p>
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                                        <p xml:lang="fr">Légende linéaire sur 5 lignes.</p>
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                <language ident="la">Latin language (assumed to be in its standard script:
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                    <desc>Digital image of the obverse (2019).</desc>
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        <body>
            <div type="edition" subtype="editorial" xml:space="preserve">
                  <div type="textpart" n="obv" subtype="face" rend="monogram-cross" xml:lang="grc"> 
                      <ab ana="dat"> 
                         <lb n="1"/><rs type="invocation" ref="#inv002"><expan><ex>Θεοτόκε βοήθει</ex></expan> τῷ σῷ δούλῳ</rs>
                      </ab>
                  </div>
                  <div type="textpart" n="rev" subtype="face" rend="linear" xml:lang="grc">
                      <ab ana="dat">
                         <lb n="2"/><supplied reason="lost">+</supplied><forename>Μ<supplied reason="lost" evidence="parallel">ιχα</supplied>
                         <lb n="3" break="no"/>ὴλ</forename> <rs type="dignity" ref="#d0047"><expan><abbr>πατρ</abbr><ex>ικίῳ</ex></expan></rs>
                         <lb n="4"/><rs type="dignity" ref="#d0067"><expan><abbr>β</abbr><ex>ασιλικῷ</ex></expan> 
                               <expan><abbr><am>A</am></abbr><ex>πρωτο</ex><abbr>σπ</abbr><ex>αθαρίῳ</ex></expan></rs>
                               <expan><abbr><am>S</am></abbr><ex>καὶ</ex></expan> <rs type="office" subtype="civil" ref="#of0119"><expan><abbr>μ</abbr><ex>α</ex>
                         <lb n="5" break="no"/><abbr>γ</abbr><ex>ίστρῳ</ex></expan></rs> τῶν <rs type="institution" ref="#org0052"><expan><abbr>β</abbr><ex>ασιλικῶν</ex></expan>
                         <lb n="6"/><expan><abbr>Ὀφφ</abbr><ex>ικίων</ex></expan>
</rs>                               </ab>
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            <div type="edition" subtype="diplomatic" xml:space="preserve">
                  <div type="textpart" subtype="face" n="obv" rend="monogram-cross" xml:lang="grc">
                      <ab>
                          <lb n="1"/>Κ–Τ.–Η–Β–Θ Τ–Σ–Δ–Λ
                      </ab>
                  </div>
                  <div type="textpart" subtype="face" n="rev" rend="linear" xml:lang="grc">
                      <ab>
                          <lb n="2"/>.Μ... 
                          <lb n="3"/>Η̣ΛΠΑΤΡ
                          <lb n="4"/>Β̣ΑΣΠϗΜ
                          <lb n="5"/>ΓΤΒ
                          <lb n="6"/>ΟΦΦ 
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            <div type="translation">
                <p>Θεοτόκε βοήθει τῷ σῷ δούλῳ / + Μιχαὴλ, πατρικίῳ, βασιλικῷ πρωτοσπαθαρίῳ καὶ
                    μαγίστρῳ τῶν βασιλικῶν Ὀφφικίων.</p>
                <p xml:lang="en">Mother of God help your servant Michael, patrikios, imperial
                    protospatharios and master of the imperial Offices.</p>
                <p xml:lang="fr">Mère de Dieu aide ton serviteur Michel, patrice, protospathaire
                    impérial et maître des <hi rend="italic">offikia</hi> impériaux.</p>
            </div>
            <div type="commentary" subtype="text">
                <p xml:lang="fr">V. Laurent, commentant ce sceau, n’a pas repris l’hypothèse de G.
                    Zacos et A. Veglery, qui l’attribuaient à Michel Lachanodrakôn [1], l’un des
                    principaux soutiens de l’empereur Constantin V dans sa lutte contre les
                    iconodoules. Il considère que le personnage n’a pas joué de premier rôle, mais
                    on objectera que la dignité de patrice, l’une des premières du temps, était
                    parcimonieusement distribuée, car elle était principalement réservée aux
                    stratèges des grands thèmes. Le fait qu’un exemplaire au moins de ce sceau ait
                    été découvert dans l’ouest de l’Asie Mineure invite à revenir à la proposition
                    de G. Zacos et A. Veglery. C’est à ce même personnage qu’il faut attribuer les
                    nombreux sceaux de Michel, patrice, protospathaire impérial et stratège des
                    Thracésiens, dont la collection Tatış comporte un nouvel exemplaire, issu d’un
                    autre <hi rend="italic">boullôtèrion</hi> (cf. <hi rend="italic">infra</hi>, no
                    3.59), bulle également trouvée en Asie Mineure occidentale. Cet iconoclaste
                    convaincu fut nommé stratège des Thracésiens au plus tard en 766/767. Il était
                    alors titré patrice. Ultérieurement, il fut promu magistre et finit sa longue
                    carrière en trouvant la mort, en 792, lors de la défaite byzantine de Marcellai
                    face aux Bulgares.</p>
                    <p>Notre sceau est antérieur à sa promotion à la dignité de
                    magistre, car ici il s’agit non de la dignité, comme l’indique l’ordre des
                    titres gravés en première position après le nom, en commençant par le plus
                    élevé, mais d’une fonction qu’on aurait pu croire tombée en désuétude, celle de
                    maître des offices. Elle n’est, en effet, plus guère mentionnée dans les
                    sources, V. Laurent donnant les deux occurrences connues, celle du concile de
                    680-681, sous Constantin IV, et celle de Zaoutzès, dans les novelles de Léon VI.</p>
                    <p>Michel avait-il les mêmes compétences considérables que ses prédécesseurs de
                    l’époque protobyzantine ? Nous l’ignorons et nous ne savons pas non plus s’il
                    exerçait cette fonction en même temps que celle de stratège des Thracésiens,
                    poste qu’il occupa si longtemps.</p>
            </div>
            <div type="commentary" subtype="footnotes">
                <p xml:lang="fr" xml:id="footnote-1">[1].<bibl>
                    <ptr target="PmbZOnline"/>, <citedRange unit="entry">5027</citedRange>
                </bibl>, long article sur le personnage avec toutes les références.</p>
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                    <bibl>
                        <ptr target="CheynetTatış"/>, <citedRange unit="part">2.38a</citedRange>.
                    </bibl>
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                <p>
                    Collection Yavuz Tatış, 2333: <bibl>
                        <ptr target="CheynetTatış"/>, <citedRange unit="part">2.38b</citedRange>
                    </bibl> = SigiDoc ID s-Ns2FmK <!-- link to be added -->
                </p>
                <p>
                    Collection Yavuz Tatış, 2702: <bibl>
                        <ptr target="CheynetTatış"/>, <citedRange unit="part">2.38c</citedRange>
                    </bibl> = SigiDoc ID s-W24eN1 <!-- link to be added -->
                </p>
                <p>Dumbarton Oaks, Shaw 689:
                    <bibl>
                        <ptr target="Zacos1"/>, <citedRange unit="part">3145</citedRange>
                    </bibl> = <bibl><ptr target="LaurentCorpus2"/>, <citedRange unit="part">1196</citedRange>.</bibl>
                </p>
            </div>
            <div type="bibliography" subtype="discussion">
                <bibl>
                    <ptr target="PmbZOnline"/>, <citedRange unit="entry">5049</citedRange>.
                </bibl>
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