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                <title xml:lang="fr">Sceau de Constantin (?), apo éparchôn et commerciaire général de l’apothèque des Première et Seconde
                    Cilicie</title>
                <title xml:lang="en">Seal of Constantine (?), apo eparchon and general kommerkiarios of the apotheke of the First and the Second Cilicia</title>
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                    <orgName corresp="https://anr.fr/">Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR)</orgName>, France / <orgName corresp="https://www.dfg.de/">Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG)</orgName>, Deutschland
                </funder>
                <principal>Alessio Sopracasa</principal>
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                    <seg xml:lang="fr">Amélioration digitale</seg>
                    <seg xml:lang="en">Digital enhancement</seg>
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                <editor role="digital-editor" xml:id="SM" when="2024-04-15">Sima Meziridou</editor>
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                <authority>ANR/DFG DigiByzSeal - Unlocking the Hidden Value of Seals: New
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                                <seg xml:lang="fr">Indiction 14 et 15, correspondant aux années 700-702 CE</seg>
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            <change when="2023-06-23" who="#AS"/>
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                       <ab>
                            <cb n="a"/><expan><abbr>Ἰ</abbr><ex>νδικτιῶνος</ex></expan> ιδ’<!-- mieux écrire numéro -->
                           <cb n="b"/><expan><abbr>Ἰ</abbr><ex>νδικτιῶνος</ex></expan> ιε’<!-- mieux écrire numéro -->
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                         <lb n="1"/><supplied reason="lost" evidence="parallel">Κωνσταντίν</supplied>ου ἀπὸ ἐπάρχ<supplied reason="lost">ων</supplied>
                        </ab>
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                      <ab>
                           <lb n="2"/><supplied reason="lost" evidence="parallel">γενι
                           <lb n="3" break="no"/>κοῦ</supplied> κομ<supplied reason="lost" evidence="parallel">μ</supplied>
                           <lb n="4" break="no"/><supplied reason="lost">ε</supplied>ρκιαρίου 
                           <lb n="5"/><supplied reason="lost">ἀ</supplied>ποθήκης 
                           <lb n="6"/><supplied reason="lost" evidence="parallel"><expan><ex>πρώτης</ex></expan></supplied> <expan><abbr><am><g ref="#kai"/></am></abbr><ex>καὶ</ex></expan> <expan><ex>δευτέρας</ex></expan> τῶν Κ
                           <lb n="7" break="no"/><supplied reason="lost">ι</supplied>λικιῶν                          
                               </ab><!-- am à ajouter pour proths et deuteras ligne 6 ? -->
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                <div type="textpart" subtype="label" n="obv" rend="columns" xml:lang="grc">
             <ab>
                 <cb n="a"/>|
                 <cb n="b"/>ΙΔ|ΙΕ
             </ab>
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                  <div type="textpart" subtype="face" n="obv" rend="circular" xml:lang="grc">
                      <ab>
                           <lb n="1"/>ΑΠΟΕΠΑΡΧ...
                      </ab>
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                  <div type="textpart" subtype="face" n="rev" rend="linear" xml:lang="grc">
                      <ab>  
                          <lb n="2"/>...
                          <lb n="3"/>...ΚΟ.
                          <lb n="4"/>.ΡΚΙΑΡΙΟΥ
                          <lb n="5"/>.ΠΟΘΗΚΗΣ
                          <lb n="6"/>.ϗΒ\ΤΩΝ
                          <lb n="7"/>.ΛΙΙΩΝ
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              <div type="translation">
                  <p>Ἰνδικτιῶνος ιδ’, Ἰνδικτιῶνος ιε’. Κωνσταντίνου ἀπὸ ἐπάρχων / γενικοῦ κομμερκιαρίου ἀποθήκης πρώτης καὶ δευτέρας τῶν Κιλικιῶν.</p>
                  <p xml:lang="en">Indiction 14, Indiction 15. Constantine, apo eparchon and general kommerkiarios of the apotheke of the First and the Second Cilicia.</p>
                  <p xml:lang="fr">Indiction 14, Indiction 15. Constantin, apo éparchôn et commerciaire général de l’apothèque des Première et Seconde Cilicie.</p>
              </div>
              <div type="commentary" subtype="text">
                  <p xml:lang="fr">La Cilicie fut une des provinces de l’Empire protobyzantin
                      jusqu’à sa conquête défi nitive au début du VIIIe siècle, Tarse succombant
                      en 712. Elle fut donc intégrée au système des apothèques mis en place de
                      manière assez généralisée à partir de 654-659 jusqu’en 729/7301 [1]. Elle fut
                      reprise par Nicéphore Phocas et devint un thème, ultérieurement rattaché
                      au duché byzantin d’Antioche [2].
                      Constantin fut actif entre 698 et 702 (<hi rend="italic">PmbZ</hi>, no 3721). Ce plomb garantit la lecture du titre, disparu sur
                      la pièce parallèle, comme le nom, que l’éditeur de la pièce parallèle a restitué en Constantin, d’après la carrière
                      de ce commerciaire général qui fut également, pendant les deux mêmes indictions, en charge de l’apothèque
                      de Constantinople [3]. Dans le même temps, Constantin était responsable de l’apothèque de Mésembria [4].
                      Un sceau appartenant à une collection privée chypriote, daté des mêmes indictions 14 et 15, a conservé le
                      nom de Constantin autour de la même effigie impériale. Ce dernier fut donc aussi commerciaire général de
                      l’apothèque d’Asie et d’un autre lieu non identifi able [5]. Auparavant, en 698-699, indiction 12, Constantin avait été commerciaire d’Hellade sous Tibère III
                      Apsimar [6].</p>
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              <div type="commentary" subtype="footnotes">
                  <p xml:lang="fr" xml:id="footnote-1">
                      [1]. Montinaro, Premiers commerciaires, p. 365.
                  </p>
                  <p xml:lang="fr" xml:id="footnote-2">
                      [2]. Sur l’histoire de la Cilicie, voir Hellenkemper –Hild, <hi rend="italic">Kilikien-Isaurien</hi>, p. 30-64.
                  </p>
                  <p xml:lang="fr" xml:id="footnote-3">
                      [3]. Sceau Fogg 1763, uniface (éd. Zacos – Veglery, no 201 ; <hi rend="italic">DOSeals</hi> 5.23.3 ; Montinaro, Premiers commerciaires, no 103) ; et sceau
                      de même facture que le nôtre : DO 58.106.673 (éd. Zacos – Veglery, no 202 ; <hi rend="italic">DOSeals</hi> 5.23.4 ; Montinaro, Premiers commerciaires,
                      no 104).
                  </p>
                  <p xml:lang="fr" xml:id="footnote-4">
                      [4]. Ermitage, M-7953 (éd. Lichačev, Molivdovuly, p. 217-218, no 7 et pl. LXXIII ; Montinaro, Premiers commerciaires, no 105).
                  </p>               
                  <p xml:lang="fr" xml:id="footnote-5">
                      [5]. Metcalf, <hi rend="italic">Cyprus</hi> I, no 12, p. 164-165.
                  </p>  
                  <p xml:lang="fr" xml:id="footnote-6">
                      [6]. Mordtmann, <hi rend="italic">RA</hi> 33, 1877, p. 290-292 ; Schlumberger, <hi rend="italic">Sigillographie</hi>, p. 165 ; Laurent, <hi rend="italic">Vatican</hi>, no 118 ; Lichačev, Datirovannye,
                      p. 184, no 20.
                  </p>
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                      <bibl>
                          <ptr target="CheynetTatış"/>, <citedRange unit="page">127-129</citedRange>
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              </div>
              <div type="bibliography" subtype="parallels"> <!-- // : Vente Peus 376 (octobre 2003), no 1314, puis vente Gorny 147 (mars 2006), no 2487 (SBS 10, 2010, p. 163).
Éd. du // : Montinaro, Premiers commerciaires, no 106, p. 485. -->
                      <bibl>
                          <ptr target="xxx"/>, <citedRange unit="page"/>
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