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                <title xml:lang="fr">Sceau de Théodore Rhyndakènos, protospathaire, épi tou Chrysotriklinou et épiskeptitès de Rodandos</title>
                <title xml:lang="en">Seal of Theodore Rhyndakenos, protospatharios, epi tou Chrysotriklinou and episkeptites of Rodandos</title>
                <editor role="seal-editor" xml:id="JCC">Jean-Claude Cheynet</editor>
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                    <orgName corresp="https://anr.fr/">Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR)</orgName>, France / <orgName corresp="https://www.dfg.de/">Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG)</orgName>, Deutschland
                </funder>
                <principal>Alessio Sopracasa</principal>
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                <edition>
                    <seg xml:lang="fr">Amélioration digitale</seg>
                    <seg xml:lang="en">Digital enhancement</seg>
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                <editor role="digital-editor" xml:id="SM" when="2024-04-17">Sima Meziridou</editor>
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                <authority>ANR/DFG DigiByzSeal - Unlocking the Hidden Value of Seals: New
                    Methodologies for Historical Research in Byzantine Studies</authority>
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                            <forename>Θεόδωρος</forename>
                            <surname>Ῥυδανκήνος</surname>
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                            <forename>Théodore</forename>
                            <surname>Rhyndakènos</surname>
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                            <forename>Theodore</forename>
                            <surname>Rhyndakenos</surname>
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                            <seg xml:lang="fr">Turquie</seg>
                            <seg xml:lang="en">Turkey</seg>
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                            <seg xml:lang="fr">Izmir</seg>
                            <seg xml:lang="en">Izmir</seg>
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                            <seg xml:lang="en">Provincial administration</seg>
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                                            <seg xml:lang="fr">Sceau</seg>
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                                        <interp type="workType" xml:lang="fr">Empreinte originale</interp>
                                        <interp type="workType" xml:lang="en">Original impression</interp>
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                                        <seg xml:lang="fr">Plomb</seg>
                                        <seg xml:lang="en">Lead</seg>
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                                        <dim type="diameter">23</dim>
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                                    <measure type="overstrikeOrient" unit="clock"/>
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                                    <p xml:lang="fr">Echancrures marquées aux orifices du canal ; rogné au sommet du champ ; usé à l’avers et à la base
                                        du revers.</p>
                                    <p xml:lang="en">Marked indentations at the channel orifices; trimmed at the top of the field; worn on the obverse and reverse.</p>
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                            <origDate type="analysis" notBefore="1041" notAfter="1060" evidence="epigraphy" cert="high" resp="#JCC">
                                <seg xml:lang="fr">XIe siècle (milieu)</seg>
                                <seg xml:lang="en">11th C. middle</seg>
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                            <placeName type="ancientFindspot" ref="https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/837" xml:lang="fr">Asie Mineure</placeName>
                            <placeName type="ancientFindspot" ref="https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/837" xml:lang="en">Asia Minor</placeName>
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                                            <dim type="diameter">23</dim>
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                                        <p xml:lang="fr">Iconographie avec légende en colonnes</p>
                                        <p xml:lang="en">Iconography with legend in columns</p> 
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                            <decoDesc>
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                                    <figure>
                                        <figDesc n="r" xml:lang="fr">Saint Théodore Stratèlate de face, en pied, en sa tenue militaire
                                            accoutumée, tenue haut la lance, la gauche appuyée sur le bouclier</figDesc>
                                        <figDesc n="r" xml:lang="en">Saint Theodore Stratelates standing, in his customary military garb, 
                                            holding the spear high, left hand resting on the shield</figDesc>
                                        <figDesc n="decoR" xml:lang="fr">Bordure de grènetis</figDesc>
                                        <figDesc n="decoR" xml:lang="en">Border of dots</figDesc>
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                                <seg xml:lang="en">Reverse</seg>
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                                            <dim type="diameter">23</dim>
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                                        <p xml:lang="fr">Légende linéaire sur 7 lignes</p>
                                        <p xml:lang="en">Linear legend of 7 lines</p> 
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                <language ident="Grek">Greek script</language>
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                  <desc>Obverse</desc>
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                       <ab>
                         <cb n="a"/><expan><ex>Ὁ ἅγιος</ex></expan> <expan><abbr>Θεόδ</abbr><supplied reason="lost"><abbr>ω</abbr></supplied><abbr>ρ</abbr><ex>ος</ex></expan> 
                          <cb n="b"/>ὁ <expan><abbr>Σ</abbr><supplied reason="lost"><abbr>τ</abbr></supplied><abbr>ρατ</abbr><ex>η</ex><abbr>λ</abbr><ex>άτης</ex></expan>
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                   <div type="textpart" subtype="label" n="obv" rend="columns" xml:lang="grc">
                       <ab>         
                      <lb n="1"/>+ <expan><abbr>Κ</abbr><ex>ύρι</ex><abbr>ε</abbr></expan> β<supplied reason="lost">οήθει</supplied> τῷ σ<supplied reason="lost">ῷ</supplied> <supplied reason="lost">δούλῳ</supplied>
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                          <lb n="2"/><supplied reason="lost">+</supplied> <expan><supplied reason="lost"><abbr>Θε</abbr></supplied><abbr>ο</abbr><supplied reason="lost"><abbr>δ</abbr></supplied><abbr>ώρ</abbr><ex>ῳ</ex></expan> 
                          <lb n="3"/><expan><supplied reason="lost"><abbr><am><g ref="#alpha" cert="low"/></am></abbr><ex>πρωτο</ex></supplied><abbr>σπαθαρ</abbr><ex>ίῳ</ex></expan> 
                          <lb n="4"/><supplied reason="lost">ἐ</supplied>πὶ τοῦ <expan><abbr>Χρ</abbr><ex>υσο</ex><ex>τρι</ex><abbr>κλ</abbr><ex>ίνου</ex></expan> 
                          <lb n="5"/><supplied reason="lost"><expan><abbr><am><g ref="#kai" cert="low"/></am></abbr><ex>καὶ</ex></expan></supplied> <expan><abbr>ἐπισκεπτί</abbr>
                          <lb n="6" break="no"/><supplied reason="lost"><abbr>τ</abbr><ex>ῃ</ex></supplied></expan> Ῥοδανδοῦ 
                          <lb n="7"/>τῷ <expan><abbr>Ῥυνδ</abbr>
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                 <div type="textpart" subtype="label" n="obv" rend="columns" xml:lang="grc">
                       <ab>
                          <cb n="a"/>|Θ|ΕΟΔ.|Ρ
                      <cb n="b"/>Ο|Σ.|ΡΑ|Τ|Λ
                       </ab>
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                 <div type="textpart" subtype="label" n="obv" rend="columns" xml:lang="grc">
                       <ab>         
                      <lb n="1"/>+ ΚΕΒ.....ΤΣ....
                       </ab>
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                     <ab>
                          <lb n="1"/>...Ο.Ρ/
                          <lb n="2"/>ΣΠΑΘΑΡ
                          <lb n="3"/>.ΠΙΤΓΚΛ
                          <lb n="4"/>.ΕΠΙΣΚΕΙ
                          <lb n="5"/>.ΡΟΔΑΝΔ/
                         <lb n="6"/>ΤΡΥΝΔ
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              <div type="translation">
                  <p>Ὁ ἃγιος Θεόδωρος ὁ Στρατηλάτης / Κύριε βοήθει τῷ σῷ δούλῳ / + Θεοδώρῳ πρωτοσπαθαρίῳ ἐπὶ τοῦ Χρυσοτρικλίνου καὶ ἐπισκεπτίτῃ Ῥοδανδοῦ τῷ Ῥυνδακήνῳ.</p>
                  <p xml:lang="en">Saint Theodore Stratelares. Lord help your servant Theodore Rhyndakenos, protospatharios, epi tou Chrysotriklinou and episkeptites of Rodandos.</p>
                  <p xml:lang="fr">Seigneur aide ton serviteur Théodore Rhyndakènos, protospathaire, épi tou Chrysotriklinou et épiskeptitès de Rodandos.</p>
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                  <p xml:lang="fr">Pour la lecture du toponyme, il subsiste un doute sur la
                      première lettre qui est partiellement écrasée, mais la lecture Podandos est moins
                      vraisemblable, d’autant qu’il n’est pas certain qu’il y ait eu en ce lieu une <hi rend="italic">épiskepsis</hi> [1].
                      D’autres <hi rend="italic">épiskeptitai</hi> de Rodandos sont attestés [2]. La ville était située sur la route
                      militaire de Césarée à Adana. Le nom transmissible Rhyndakènos n’est attesté que
                      très tardivement au XVe siècle [3], mais sa formation, fondée sur le nom du fleuve
                      bithynien, ne fait pas de difficulté. Un Skamandrènos est déjà connu comme surnom
                      du patriarche de Constantinople, Basile, nommé par Jean Tzimiskès [4].
                  </p>
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              <div type="commentary" subtype="footnotes">
                  <p xml:lang="fr" xml:id="footnote-1">
                      [1]. Schlumberger, <hi rend="italic">Sigillographie</hi>, p. 315. La lecture n’est pas vérifiable, faute d’un dessin.
                  </p>
                  <p xml:lang="fr" xml:id="footnote-2">
                      [2]. <hi rend="italic">DOSeals</hi> 4.46.1-3.
                  </p>
                  <p xml:lang="fr" xml:id="footnote-3">
                      [3]. <hi rend="italic">PLP</hi>, nos 14536 et 92515.
                  </p>
                  <p xml:lang="fr" xml:id="footnote-4">
                      [4]. <hi rend="italic">PmbZ</hi>, no 20983.
                  </p>
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