<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><!-- last changed before 1.0 version release 2021-08-02 --><!-- last changed before 1.1 release: 2023-03-12 / 2023-04-17 --><!-- ongoing changes to 2.0: march 2024 --><?xml-model href="https://sigidoc.github.io/Schema/schema/latest/sigidoc.rng" type="application/xml" schematypens="http://relaxng.org/ns/structure/1.0"?><?xml-model href="https://sigidoc.github.io/Schema/schema/latest/sigidoc.rng" type="application/xml" schematypens="http://purl.oclc.org/dsdl/schematron"?><TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
    <teiHeader>
        <fileDesc>
            <titleStmt>
                <title xml:lang="fr">Sceau de Pazounès, magistre</title>
                <title xml:lang="en">Seal of Pazounes, magistros</title>
                <editor role="seal-editor" xml:id="JCC">Jean-Claude Cheynet</editor>
                <funder>
                    <orgName corresp="https://anr.fr/">Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR)</orgName>, France / <orgName corresp="https://www.dfg.de/">Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG)</orgName>, Deutschland
                </funder>
                <principal>Alessio Sopracasa</principal>
            </titleStmt>
            <editionStmt>
                <edition>
                    <seg xml:lang="fr">Amélioration digitale</seg>
                    <seg xml:lang="en">Digital enhancement</seg>
                </edition>
                <editor role="digital-editor" xml:id="SM" when="2024-05-29">Sima Meziridou</editor>
            </editionStmt>
            <publicationStmt>
                <authority>ANR/DFG DigiByzSeal - Unlocking the Hidden Value of Seals: New
                    Methodologies for Historical Research in Byzantine Studies</authority>
                <idno type="filename">Tatish_5.64</idno>
                <idno type="SigiDocID"/>
                <idno type="sequence"/>
                <date when="2024-03-03"/>
                <availability>
                    <licence target="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/">Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International - CC BY-NC-SA
                        4.0</licence>
                </availability>
            </publicationStmt>
            <sourceDesc>
                <listPerson type="issuer">
                    <person gender="M" role="civil">
                        <persName xml:lang="grc">
                            <forename>Παζούνης</forename>
                        </persName>
                        <persName xml:lang="fr">
                            <forename>Pazounès</forename>     
                        </persName>
                        <persName xml:lang="en">
                            <forename>Pazounes</forename>
                        </persName>
                    </person>
                </listPerson>
                <msDesc>
                    <msIdentifier>
                        <country>
                            <seg xml:lang="fr">Turquie</seg>
                            <seg xml:lang="en">Turkey</seg>
                        </country>
                        <settlement>
                            <seg xml:lang="fr">Izmir</seg>
                            <seg xml:lang="en">Izmir</seg>
                        </settlement>
                        <institution/> 
                        <repository/> 
                        <collection type="private" xml:lang="en" ref="URI"><rs type="collection-name" xml:lang="en">
                            <persName role="issuer" ref="https://viaf.org/viaf/48683064/">Yavuz Tatış</persName> collection
                        </rs></collection>
                         
                        <idno type="inv-nr-current">2922</idno>
                        <altIdentifier>
                            <repository/>
                             
                             
                            <idno type="inv-nr-former"/>
                        </altIdentifier>
                    </msIdentifier>
                    <msContents>
                        <summary n="whole">
                            <seg xml:lang="en">Dignitaries</seg>
                            <seg xml:lang="fr">Dignitaires</seg>
                        </summary>
                    </msContents>
                    <physDesc>
                        <objectDesc>
                            <supportDesc>
                                <support>
                                    <objectType>
                                        <term>
                                            <seg xml:lang="fr">Sceau</seg>
                                            <seg xml:lang="en">Seal</seg>
                                        </term>
                                        <interp type="workType" xml:lang="fr">Empreinte originale</interp>
                                        <interp type="workType" xml:lang="en">Original impression</interp>
                                    </objectType>
                                    <material>
                                        <seg xml:lang="fr">Plomb</seg>
                                        <seg xml:lang="en">Lead</seg>
                                    </material>
                                    <dimensions type="support" unit="mm">
                                        <dim type="diameter">19</dim>
                                    </dimensions>
                                    <measure type="weight" unit="g">5,08</measure>
                                    <measure type="axis" unit="clock"/>
                                    <measure type="overstrikeOrient" unit="clock"/>
                                    <measure type="channelOrient" unit="clock">12-6</measure>
                                    <measure type="countermark" unit="clock"/>
                                </support>
                                <condition rend="worn-edge"> 
                                    <p xml:lang="fr">Echancré aux orifices du canal ; fortement rogné au sommet du flan ; légèrement oxydé.</p>
                                    <p xml:lang="en">Notched at the canal openings; heavily trimmed at the top of the blank; slightly oxidised.</p>
                                </condition>
                            </supportDesc>
                            <layoutDesc>
                                <layout n="whole">
                                    <rs type="execution">
                                        <seg xml:lang="fr">Frappé</seg>
                                    </rs>
                                    <rs type="shape">
                                        <seg xml:lang="fr">Ronde</seg>
                                    </rs>
                                    <rs type="matrix" subtype="not-surviving">
                                        <idno type="SigiDoc"/>
                                        <idno type="PBW"/> 
                                    </rs>                                     
                                </layout>
                            </layoutDesc>
                        </objectDesc>
                    </physDesc>
                    <history>
                        <origin>
                            <origPlace>
                                <seg xml:lang="fr">
                                    <placeName/>
                                </seg>
                            </origPlace>
                            <origDate type="analysis" notBefore="1076" notAfter="1100" evidence="epigraphy" cert="high" resp="#JCC">
                                <seg xml:lang="fr">XIe siècle (dernier quart)</seg>
                                <seg xml:lang="en">11th C. last quarter</seg>
                            </origDate>       
                        </origin>
                        <provenance type="found" subtype="discovered"> 
                            <placeName type="ancientFindspot" ref="URI" xml:lang=""/> 
                            <placeName type="modernFindspot" ref="URI" xml:lang=""/>
                            <rs type="circumstances" xml:lang=""/>
                        </provenance>
                        <provenance type="observed" subtype="seen">
                            <p xml:lang=""/>
                        </provenance>
                        <provenance type="not-observed" subtype="lost">
                            <p xml:lang=""/>
                        </provenance>
                        <provenance type="transferred" subtype="moved">
                            <p xml:lang=""/>
                        </provenance>
                        <acquisition>
                            <p xml:lang=""/>
                        </acquisition>
                    </history>
                    <msPart n="r">
                        <msIdentifier/>
                        <msContents>
                            <summary n="r">
                                <seg xml:lang="en">Obverse</seg>
                            </summary>
                            <textLang n="r" mainLang="grc" otherLangs="">
                                <seg xml:lang="fr">Grec byzantin</seg>
                                <seg xml:lang="en">Byzantine Greek</seg>
                            </textLang>
                        </msContents>
                        <physDesc>
                            <objectDesc>
                                <layoutDesc>
                                    <layout n="r">
                                        <dimensions type="written" unit="mm">
                                            <dim type="diameter">18</dim>
                                        </dimensions>
                                        <p xml:lang="fr">Iconographie avec légende en colonnes</p>
                                        <p xml:lang="en">Iconography with legend in columns</p>
                                    </layout>
                                </layoutDesc>
                            </objectDesc>
                            <handDesc>
                                <handNote n="r">
                                    <seg xml:lang="en"/>
                                </handNote>
                            </handDesc>
                            <decoDesc>
                                <decoNote>
                                    <figure>
                                        <figDesc n="r" xml:lang="fr">Saint Georges de face en pied, armé de la lance en main droite et du
                                            bouclier de l’autre</figDesc>
                                        <figDesc n="r" xml:lang="en">Saint George standing, armed with a spear in his right hand and a shield in the other</figDesc>
                                        <figDesc n="decoR" xml:lang="fr">Cercle de grènetis</figDesc>
                                           <figDesc n="decoR" xml:lang="en">Circle of dots</figDesc>
                                    </figure>
                                </decoNote>
                            </decoDesc>
                        </physDesc>
                    </msPart>
                    <msPart n="v">
                        <msIdentifier/>
                        <msContents>
                            <summary n="v">
                                <seg xml:lang="en">Reverse</seg>
                            </summary>
                            <textLang n="v" mainLang="grc">
                                <seg xml:lang="fr">Grec byzantin</seg>
                                <seg xml:lang="en">Byzantine Greek</seg>
                            </textLang>
                        </msContents>
                        <physDesc>
                            <objectDesc>
                                <layoutDesc>
                                    <layout n="v">
                                        <dimensions type="written" unit="mm">
                                            <dim type="diameter">18</dim>
                                        </dimensions>
                                        <p xml:lang="fr">Légende linéaire sur 4 lignes</p>
                                        <p xml:lang="en">Linear legend of 4 lines</p>
                                    </layout>
                                </layoutDesc>
                            </objectDesc>
                            <handDesc>
                                <handNote n="v">
                                    <seg xml:lang=""/>
                                </handNote>
                            </handDesc>
                            <decoDesc>
                                <decoNote>
                                    <figure>
                                        <figDesc n="v" xml:lang=""/>
                                        <figDesc n="decoV" xml:lang="fr">Cercle de grènetis ; légende précédée d'une croisette ; au sommet et à la base du champ, une perle accostée de tirets</figDesc>
                                        <figDesc n="decoV" xml:lang="en">Circle of dots; legend preceded by a cross; at the top and base of the field, a pearl flanked by dashes</figDesc>
                                    </figure>
                                </decoNote>
                            </decoDesc>
                        </physDesc>
                    </msPart>
                </msDesc>
            </sourceDesc>
        </fileDesc>
        <encodingDesc>
            <editorialDecl><p/></editorialDecl>
            <charDecl>     
                <glyph xml:id="cross">
                    <mapping type="standard">+</mapping>
                    <mapping type="simplified">(cross)</mapping>
                </glyph>
           </charDecl> 
        </encodingDesc>
        <profileDesc>
            <langUsage>
                <language ident="Grek">Greek script</language>
                <language ident="Latn">Latin script</language>
                <language ident="grc">Ancient Greek language (to 1453; assumed to be in its standard script: Grek)</language>
                <language ident="la">Latin language (assumed to be in its standard script: Latn)</language>
                <language ident="grc-Latn">Ancient Greek Language (to 1453), rendered in Latin script</language>
                <language ident="la-Grek">Latin written in Greek script</language>
            </langUsage>
        </profileDesc>
        <revisionDesc>
            <change when="2023-06-23" who="#AS"/>
            <change when="2024-05-29" who="#SM">Filled in metadata in new template</change>
        </revisionDesc>
      </teiHeader>
      <facsimile>
          <surfaceGrp>
              <surface n="r">
                  <desc>Obverse</desc>
                  <graphic url="https://www.abcde.com" type="digital">
                      <desc>Digital image of the obverse (2019).</desc>
                  </graphic>
              </surface>
              <surface n="v">
                  <desc>Reverse</desc>
                  <graphic url="https://www.abcde.com" type="digital">
                      <desc>Digital image of the reverse (2019).</desc>
                  </graphic>
              </surface>
          </surfaceGrp>
      </facsimile>
      <text>
          <body>
              <div type="edition" subtype="editorial" xml:space="preserve">
                  <div type="textpart" subtype="label" n="obv" rend="columns" xml:lang="grc">
                       <ab>
                         <cb n="a"/><supplied reason="lost"><expan><ex>Ὁ ἅγιος</ex></expan></supplied> <supplied reason="lost">Γ</supplied>εόρ
                          <cb n="b"/>γιος   
                      </ab>
                  </div>                  
                  <div type="textpart" subtype="face" n="rev" rend="linear" xml:lang="grc">
                      <ab>
                          <lb n="1"/>+ <expan><abbr>Κ</abbr><ex>ύρι</ex><abbr>ε</abbr></expan> <expan><abbr>βο
                          <lb n="2" break="no"/>ήθ</abbr><ex>ε</ex><abbr>ι</abbr></expan> Παζ<!-- epsilon nécessaire? -->
                          <lb n="3" break="no"/>ούνιν <expan><abbr>μάγιστρο</abbr><ex>ν</ex></expan>
                      </ab>
                          </div>
              </div>
              <div type="edition" subtype="diplomatic" xml:space="preserve">
                 <div type="textpart" subtype="label" n="obv" rend="columns" xml:lang="grc">
                       <ab>
                           <cb n="a"/>.|.|Ε|ΟΡ
                           <cb n="b"/>Γ|ΙΟ|Σ
                       </ab>
                   </div>
                   
                  <div type="textpart" subtype="face" n="obv" rend="linear" xml:lang="grc">
                       <ab>
                           <lb n="0"/>...
                           <lb n="1"/>ΚΕΟ
                           <lb n="2"/>ΗΘΙΠΑ
                           <lb n="3"/>ΟΥΝΙΝ
                           <lb n="4"/>ΑΓΙΟ
                           <lb n="0"/>
                       </ab>
                  </div>
              </div>
              <div type="apparatus">
                  <listApp>
                      <app xml:lang=""/>
                  </listApp>
              </div>
              <div type="translation">
                  <p>Ὁ ἃγιος Γεόργιος / + Κύριε βοήθει Παζούνιν μάγιστρον.</p>
                  <p xml:lang="en">Saint George. Lord help Pazounes, magister.</p>
                  <p xml:lang="fr">Saint Georges. Seigneur aide Pazounès, magistre.</p>
              </div>
              <div type="commentary" subtype="text">
                  <p xml:lang="fr">Du point de vue épigraphique, le B fermé constitue à cette date une anomalie,
                      sauf dans le sud-est anatolien. Les lettres sont larges et régulières. Pazounès est le nom d’un chef arménien qui,
                      avec ses frères Baasakios et Krikorikios, était dans la mouvance de Mélias, le fondateur du thème de Lykandos,
                      au début du Xe siècle [1]. Notre sigillant est peut-être un lointain descendant de ce premier Pazounès. Matthieu
                      d’Edesse rapporte que parmi les ichkans qui ravitaillèrent les croisés lors de leur venue en Syrie du Nord, au
                      moment du difficile siège d’Antioche, figurait un certain Bazouni, en compagnie de Constantin, fils de Roupen,
                      et d’Oshin [2]. Selon des colophons, ses descendants vécurent dans le royaume de Cilicie jusqu’au XIVe siècle [3].
                      Oshin et Bazouni seraient venus s’établir auprès d’Abelgharib de Tarse, en Cilicie [4].
                      Le nom apparaît également dans un document d’Italie du Sud, daté de 1165, dont un des témoins signataires
                      s’appelle Nicolas Pazounès [5]. Ces témoins étaient de simples notables locaux. Nicolas serait-il le descendant
                      d’une famille arménienne transférée par les Byzantins, au Xe siècle, en même temps que l’ancêtre de Mélès
                      (Mleh).</p>
              </div>
              <div type="commentary" subtype="footnotes">
                  <p xml:lang="fr" xml:id="footnote-1">
                      [1]. G. Moravcsik – R. J. H. Jenkins, <hi rend="italic">Constantine Porphyrogenetus, De administrando imperio</hi>, éd. G. MorAvCsik, traduction anglaise
                      par R. J. H. Jenkins (CFHB 1), Washington DC 1967(2), p. 238.
                  </p>  
                  <p xml:lang="fr" xml:id="footnote-2">
                      [2]. <hi rend="italic">Chronicle of Matthiew of Edessa</hi>. Translated from the Original Armenian with a Commentary and Introduction by A. E. Dostourian,
                      New York - Londres, 1993, p. 167.
                  </p>
                  <p xml:lang="fr" xml:id="footnote-3">
                      [3]. G. Sédéyan, <hi rend="italic">Les Arméniens entre Grecs, Musulmans et Croisés. Etude sur les pouvoirs arméniens dans le Proche-Orient méditerranéen
                      (1068-1150)</hi>. 2 vol., Lisbonne 2003, p. 679-680.
                  </p>
                  <p xml:lang="fr" xml:id="footnote-4">
                      [4]. F. Chalandon, <hi rend="italic">Jean II Comnène (1118-1143) et Manuel Ier Comnène (1143-1180)</hi>, Paris 1912, p. 95 (d’après Samuel d’Ani).
                  </p>
                  <p xml:lang="fr" xml:id="footnote-5">
                      [5]. Rrinchera, <hi rend="italic">Syllabus</hi>, no 167, p. 221. Je dois cette information à Jean-François Vannier que je remercie vivement.
                  </p>
              </div>
              <div type="bibliography" subtype="edition">
                  <p>
                      <bibl>
                          <ptr target="CheynetTatış"/>, <citedRange unit="page">230-231</citedRange>
                      </bibl>
                  </p>
              </div>
              <div type="bibliography" subtype="parallels"> 
                      <bibl>
                          <ptr target="xxx"/>, <citedRange unit="page"/>
                      </bibl>
              </div>
          </body>
      </text>
</TEI>