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                <title xml:lang="fr">Sceau de Basile Malésès, juge de l’Hippodrome</title>
                <title xml:lang="en">Seal of Basil Maleses, judge of the Hippodrome</title>
                <editor role="seal-editor" xml:id="JCC">Jean-Claude Cheynet</editor>
                <funder>
                    <orgName corresp="https://anr.fr/">Agence Nationale de la Recherche
                        (ANR)</orgName>, France / <orgName corresp="https://www.dfg.de/">Deutsche
                        Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG)</orgName>, Deutschland </funder>
                <principal>Alessio Sopracasa</principal>
            </titleStmt>
            <editionStmt>
                <edition>
                    <seg xml:lang="fr">Amélioration digitale</seg>
                    <seg xml:lang="en">Digital enhancement</seg>
                </edition>
                <editor role="digital-editor" xml:id="SM" when="2024-04-02">Sima Meziridou</editor>
                <editor role="digital-editor" xml:id="AS" when="2024-10-15">Alessio
                    Sopracasa</editor>
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                <authority>ANR/DFG DigiByzSeal - Unlocking the Hidden Value of Seals: New
                    Methodologies for Historical Research in Byzantine Studies</authority>
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                        <persName xml:lang="grc">
                            <forename>Βασίλειος</forename>
                            <surname>Μαλέσης</surname>
                        </persName>
                        <persName xml:lang="fr">
                            <forename>Basile</forename>
                            <surname>Malésès</surname>
                        </persName>
                        <persName xml:lang="en">
                            <forename>Basil</forename>
                            <surname>Maleses</surname>
                        </persName>
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                        <country>
                            <seg xml:lang="fr">Turquie</seg>
                            <seg xml:lang="en">Turkey</seg>
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                        <settlement>
                            <seg xml:lang="fr"><placeName ref="https://www.geonames.org/311046/izmir.html">Izmir</placeName></seg>
                            <seg xml:lang="en"><placeName ref="https://www.geonames.org/311046/izmir.html">İzmir</placeName></seg>
                        </settlement>
                        <institution/>
                        <repository/>
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                            <rs type="collection-name" xml:lang="en"><persName role="owner" ref="https://viaf.org/viaf/48683064/">Yavuz Tatış</persName>
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                            <rs type="collection-name" xml:lang="fr">Collection <persName role="owner" ref="https://viaf.org/viaf/48683064/">Yavuz
                                    Tatış</persName></rs>
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                            <seg xml:lang="fr">Administration centrale</seg>
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                                <support>
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                                        <term>
                                            <seg xml:lang="fr">Sceau</seg>
                                            <seg xml:lang="en">Seal</seg>
                                        </term>
                                        <interp type="workType" xml:lang="fr">Empreinte
                                            originale</interp>
                                        <interp type="workType" xml:lang="en">Original
                                            impression</interp>
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                                    <material>
                                        <seg xml:lang="fr">Plomb</seg>
                                        <seg xml:lang="en">Lead</seg>
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                                        <dim type="diameter">27</dim>
                                    </dimensions>
                                    <measure type="weight" unit="g">13,24</measure>
                                    <measure type="axis" unit="clock"/>
                                    <measure type="overstrikeOrient" unit="clock"/>
                                    <measure type="channelOrient" unit="clock">12-6</measure>
                                    <measure type="countermark" unit="clock"/>
                                </support>
                                <condition rend="not-centered chipped">
                                    <p xml:lang="fr">Echancré aux orifices du canal; lettres
                                        écrasées au revers; frappe légèrement décentrée.</p>
                                    <p xml:lang="en">Indented at the channel orifices; crushed
                                        letters on the reverse; slightly off-centre strike.</p>
                                </condition>
                            </supportDesc>
                            <layoutDesc>
                                <layout n="whole">
                                    <rs type="execution">
                                        <seg xml:lang="fr">Frappé</seg>
                                        <seg xml:lang="en">Struck</seg>
                                    </rs>
                                    <rs type="shape">
                                        <seg xml:lang="fr">Ronde</seg>
                                        <seg xml:lang="en">Round</seg>
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                                    <placeName/>
                                </seg>
                            </origPlace>
                            <origDate type="analysis" notBefore="1051" notAfter="1075" evidence="epigraphy" cert="high" resp="#JCC">
                                <seg xml:lang="fr">XIe siècle (troisième quart)</seg>
                                <seg xml:lang="en">11th C., third quarter</seg>
                            </origDate>
                        </origin>
                        <provenance type="found" subtype="discovered">
                            <placeName type="ancientFindspot" ref="https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/837" xml:lang="fr">Asie
                                Mineure</placeName>
                            <placeName type="ancientFindspot" ref="https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/837" xml:lang="en">Asia
                                Minor</placeName>
                            <placeName type="modernFindspot" ref="https://www.geonames.org/298795/republic-of-turkey.html" xml:lang="fr">Turquie occidentale</placeName>
                            <placeName type="modernFindspot" ref="https://www.geonames.org/298795/republic-of-turkey.html" xml:lang="en">West Turkey</placeName>
                            <rs type="circumstances" xml:lang=""/>
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                        <provenance type="observed" subtype="seen">
                            <p xml:lang=""/>
                        </provenance>
                        <provenance type="not-observed" subtype="lost">
                            <p xml:lang=""/>
                        </provenance>
                        <provenance type="transferred" subtype="moved">
                            <p xml:lang=""/>
                        </provenance>
                        <acquisition>
                            <p xml:lang=""/>
                        </acquisition>
                    </history>
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                            <summary n="r">
                                <seg xml:lang="en">Obverse</seg>
                            </summary>
                            <textLang n="r" mainLang="grc">
                                <seg xml:lang="fr">Grec byzantin</seg>
                                <seg xml:lang="en">Byzantine Greek</seg>
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                                <layoutDesc>
                                    <layout n="r">
                                        <dimensions type="written" unit="mm">
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                                        <p xml:lang="fr">Iconographie avec légende en colonnes</p>
                                        <p xml:lang="en">Iconography with legend in columns</p>
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                            <handDesc>
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                            <decoDesc>
                                <decoNote>
                                    <figure>
                                        <figDesc n="r" ana="cross patriarchal on-steps fleurons" xml:lang="fr">Croix patriarcale élevée sur deux degrés,
                                            doublement recroisetée, aux extrémités pattées et
                                            terminées par un globule</figDesc>
                                        <figDesc n="r" ana="cross patriarchal on-steps fleurons" xml:lang="en">Patriarchal cross, raised on two steps,
                                            doubly recrossed and ending in a globule</figDesc>
                                        <figDesc n="decoR" xml:lang="fr">Cercle de perles; sous le
                                            bras inférieur de la croix, de riches fleurons issant à
                                            la base; sigles de part et d’autre du court bras
                                            supérieur de la croix</figDesc>
                                        <figDesc n="decoR" xml:lang="en">Circle of pearls; under the
                                            lower arm of the cross, rich fleurons rising from the
                                            base; sigla on either side of the short upper arm of the
                                            cross</figDesc>
                                    </figure>
                                </decoNote>
                            </decoDesc>
                        </physDesc>
                    </msPart>
                    <msPart n="v">
                        <msIdentifier/>
                        <msContents>
                            <summary n="v">
                                <seg xml:lang="en">Reverse</seg>
                            </summary>
                            <textLang n="v" mainLang="grc">
                                <seg xml:lang="fr">Grec byzantin</seg>
                                <seg xml:lang="en">Byzantine Greek</seg>
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                                    <layout n="v">
                                        <dimensions type="written" unit="mm">
                                            <dim type="diameter"/>
                                        </dimensions>
                                        <p xml:lang="fr">Légende linéaire sur 6 lignes dont la
                                            dernière est détruite</p>
                                        <p xml:lang="en">Linear legend of 6 lines, the last of which
                                            is no longer extant</p>
                                    </layout>
                                </layoutDesc>
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                                <handNote n="v">
                                    <seg xml:lang=""/>
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                            <decoDesc>
                                <decoNote>
                                    <figure>
                                        <!--<figDesc n="v" ana="" xml:lang=""/>-->
                                        <figDesc n="decoV" xml:lang="fr">Cercle de perles; une
                                            croisette précède la légende sur une ligne
                                            séparée</figDesc>
                                        <figDesc n="decoV" xml:lang="en">Circle of pearls; a
                                            crosslet precedes the legend on a separate
                                            line</figDesc>
                                    </figure>
                                </decoNote>
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            <langUsage>
                <language ident="Grek">Greek script</language>
                <language ident="Latn">Latin script</language>
                <language ident="grc">Ancient Greek language (to 1453; assumed to be in its standard
                    script: Grek)</language>
                <language ident="la">Latin language (assumed to be in its standard script:
                    Latn)</language>
                <language ident="grc-Latn">Ancient Greek Language (to 1453), rendered in Latin
                    script</language>
                <language ident="la-Grek">Latin written in Greek script</language>
            </langUsage>
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            <change when="2025-02-16" who="#AS">Encoding for indexing added</change>
            <change when="2024-10-15" who="#AS">Revision and correction of the entire XML
                file</change>
            <change when="2024-04-12" who="#SM">Corrections on metadata</change>
            <change when="2024-04-03" who="#SM">Filled in comments and bibliography</change>
            <change when="2024-04-02" who="#SM">Filled in metadata in new template</change>
            <change when="2023-06-23" who="#AS"/>
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    <facsimile>
        <surfaceGrp>
            <surface n="r">
                <desc>Obverse</desc>
                <graphic url="https://www.abcde.com" type="digital">
                    <desc>Digital image of the obverse (2019).</desc>
                </graphic>
            </surface>
            <surface n="v">
                <desc>Reverse</desc>
                <graphic url="https://www.abcde.com" type="digital">
                    <desc>Digital image of the reverse (2019).</desc>
                </graphic>
            </surface>
        </surfaceGrp>
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    <text>
        <body>
            <div type="edition" subtype="editorial" xml:space="preserve">
                  <div type="textpart" n="obv" subtype="sigla" rend="columns" xml:lang="grc"> 
                      <ab ana="nom"> 
                        <cb n="a"/><expan><abbr>Ἰ</abbr><ex>ησοῦ</ex><abbr>ς</abbr></expan>
                        <cb n="b"/><expan><abbr>Χ</abbr><ex>ριστό</ex><abbr>ς</abbr></expan>
                    </ab>
                  </div>
                  <div type="textpart" n="rev" subtype="face" rend="linear" xml:lang="grc">
                      <ab ana="gen">
                         <lb n="1"/><expan><abbr>Σφραγ</abbr><ex>ὶς</ex></expan>
                         <lb n="2"/><forename><supplied reason="lost">Β</supplied>ασιλείου</forename> 
                         <lb n="3"/><rs type="office" subtype="civil" ref="#of0112"><supplied reason="lost">κ</supplied>ριτοῦ</rs> ἐπὶ 
                         <lb n="4"/>τοῦ <rs type="institution" ref="#org0017"><expan><abbr>Ἱπποδρ</abbr><ex>όμου</ex></expan></rs>
                         <lb n="5"/> τοῦ <surname><expan><abbr>Μαλ</abbr><supplied reason="lost"><abbr>έ</abbr></supplied>
                           <lb n="6" break="no"/><supplied reason="lost"><abbr>σ</abbr><ex>η</ex></supplied></expan></surname>
                      </ab>
                  </div>
              </div>
            <div type="edition" subtype="diplomatic" xml:space="preserve">
                  <div type="textpart" subtype="sigla" n="obv" rend="columns" xml:lang="grc">
                      <ab>
                          <cb n="a"/>Ι̅Σ̅
                          <cb n="b"/>Χ̣Σ̣
                      </ab>
                  </div>
                  <div type="textpart" subtype="face" n="rev" rend="linear" xml:lang="grc">
                      <ab><lb n="0"/> 
                          <lb n="1"/>Σ̣ΡΑΓ/ 
                          <lb n="2"/>.Α̣ΙΛΕΙ  
                          <lb n="3"/>.ΡΙΤΕΠΙ 
                          <lb n="4"/>Τ̣̣ΙΟΔΡ  
                          <lb n="5"/>Τ̣̣ΜΛ.
                          <lb n="6"/>./
                      </ab>
                  </div>
              </div>
            <div type="apparatus">
                <listApp>
                    <app xml:lang=""/>
                </listApp>
            </div>
            <div type="translation">
                <p>Ἰησοῦς Χριστός. / Σφραγὶς Βασιλείου κριτοῦ ἐπὶ τοῦ Ἱπποδρόμου τοῦ Μαλέση.</p>
                <p xml:lang="en">Jesus Christ. Seal of Basile Maleses, judge of the Hippodrome.</p>
                <p xml:lang="fr">Jésus-Christ. Sceau de Basile Malésès, juge de l’Hippodrome.</p>
            </div>
            <div type="commentary" subtype="text">
                <p xml:lang="fr">Quoique la forte abréviation du nom laisse plusieurs solutions
                    possibles, il y a tout lieu de penser que ce sceau a appartenu au plus illustre
                    représentant de cette famille de fonctionnaires principalement civils, dont on
                    connaît plusieurs autres membres, Jean, Constantin, Léon [1]. Basile Malésès, un
                    temps logothète des eaux, proche de l’empereur Romain IV Diogène, fut engagé,
                    après l’exclusion de ce dernier du pouvoir, dans une rébellion malheureuse
                    contre Michel VII Doukas, successeur de Romain. Une hypothèse, qui ne peut être
                    vérifiée avec certitude, fait de ce Basile le gendre de Michel Psellos [2].</p>
            </div>
            <div type="commentary" subtype="footnotes">
                <p xml:lang="fr" xml:id="footnote-1"> [1]. Pour plus d’informations, cf. <bibl>
                        <ptr target="Athens2000"/>, <citedRange unit="part">155, 156,
                            157</citedRange>
                    </bibl>; <bibl>
                        <ptr target="CheynetTheodoridis"/>, p. <citedRange unit="page">140</citedRange>
                    </bibl>. </p>
                <p xml:lang="fr" xml:id="footnote-2"> [2]. <bibl>
                    <ptr target="deVries1996"/>.
                </bibl>. </p>
            </div>
            <div type="bibliography" subtype="edition">
                <p>
                    <bibl>
                        <ptr target="CheynetTatış"/>, <citedRange unit="part">2.29</citedRange>
                    </bibl>
                </p>
            </div>
            <div type="bibliography" subtype="parallels">
                <p>Notice dans <bibl>
                        <ptr target="SBS_Auctions1997-2001"/>, <citedRange unit="page">238</citedRange> (daté 1070-1090) </bibl> = <bibl><ptr target="Münz"/>,
                        Auktion <citedRange unit="part">94</citedRange> (13-15 mai 1998), nr
                        947</bibl> = Munich, Staatliche Münzsammlung, fonds Zarnitz 741 (inv. 98-8)
                    (inédit).</p>
            </div>
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