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                <title xml:lang="fr">Sceau de Nicétas, métropolite de Crète</title>
                <title xml:lang="en">Seal of Niketas,  metropolitan of Crete</title>
                <editor role="seal-editor" xml:id="JCC">Jean-Claude Cheynet</editor>
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                    <orgName corresp="https://anr.fr/">Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR)</orgName>, France / <orgName corresp="https://www.dfg.de/">Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG)</orgName>, Deutschland
                </funder>
                <principal>Alessio Sopracasa</principal>
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                <edition>
                    <seg xml:lang="fr">Amélioration digitale</seg>
                    <seg xml:lang="en">Digital enhancement</seg>
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                <editor role="digital-editor" xml:id="NB" when="2024-05-28">Numa Buchs</editor>
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                <authority>ANR/DFG DigiByzSeal - Unlocking the Hidden Value of Seals: New
                    Methodologies for Historical Research in Byzantine Studies</authority>
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                            <forename>Νικήτας</forename>
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                            <forename>Nicétas</forename>
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                            <forename>Niketas</forename>
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                            <seg xml:lang="fr">Turquie</seg>
                            <seg xml:lang="en">Turkey</seg>
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                            <seg xml:lang="fr">Izmir</seg>
                            <seg xml:lang="en">Izmir</seg>
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                        <collection type="private" xml:lang="en" ref="URI"><rs type="collection-name" xml:lang="en">
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                                        <interp type="workType" xml:lang="en">Original impression</interp>
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                                    <measure type="channelOrient" unit="clock">12-6</measure>
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                                <condition rend="worn-edge"> 
                                    <p xml:lang="fr">Nettement échancré aux orifices du canal et au pourtour ; légèrement usé au droit</p>
                                    <p xml:lang="en">Clearly indented at the canal openings and around the perimeter; slightly worn on the right-hand side</p>
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                                <seg xml:lang="fr">XIe siècle (seconde moitié)</seg>
                                <seg xml:lang="en">11th C. (second half)</seg>
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                                        <p xml:lang="fr">Iconographie avec légende en colonnes</p>
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                                        <figDesc n="r" xml:lang="fr">Saint Jean
                                            Prodrome à mi-corps, de face, pourvu d’une longue
                                            barbe et d’une chevelure hirsute, le corps émacié
                                            revêtu de sa mélote découvrant l’épaule droite ; il tient
                                            en main gauche une longue croix processionnelle, la
                                            droite levée dans le geste de l’allocution.</figDesc>
                                        <figDesc n="r" xml:lang="en">Saint John Prodromos, half-body, full face, with a long beard and shaggy hair, 
                                            his emaciated body clad in his mantle revealing his right shoulder; he holds a long processional cross in his left hand, 
                                            his right raised in the gesture of an address.</figDesc>
                                        <figDesc n="decoR" xml:lang="fr">Cercle de grènetis</figDesc>
                                        <figDesc n="decoR" xml:lang="en">Circle of grenetis</figDesc>
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                                <seg xml:lang="en">Reverse</seg>
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                                        <p xml:lang="fr">Légende linéaire sur 4 lignes</p>
                                        <p xml:lang="en">Linear legend of 4 lines</p> 
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                                    <figure>
                                        <figDesc n="v" xml:lang="fr">Légende surmontée et suivie d’une perle accostée de tirets</figDesc>
                                        <figDesc n="v" xml:lang="en">Legend surmounted and followed by a pearl accosted by dashes</figDesc>
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                <language ident="Grek">Greek script</language>
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                <language ident="grc">Ancient Greek language (to 1453; assumed to be in its standard script: Grek)</language>
                <language ident="la">Latin language (assumed to be in its standard script: Latn)</language>
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            <change when="2023-06-23" who="#AS"/>
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                  <desc>Obverse</desc>
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                      <desc>Digital image of the obverse (2019).</desc>
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  <div type="textpart" subtype="label" n="obv" rend="columns" xml:lang="grc">
                       <ab>
                          <cb n="a"/><expan><ex>Ὁ ἅγιος</ex></expan> <expan><abbr>Ἰω</abbr><ex>άννης</ex></expan> 
                        <cb n="b"/>ὁ <expan><abbr>Πρ</abbr><ex>ό</ex><abbr>δ</abbr><ex>ρομος</ex></expan>
                      </ab>
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                         <ab> <lb n="1"/><supplied reason="lost">+</supplied> Νικήτᾳ 
                           <lb n="2"/>ἐλέǫ <expan><abbr>Θ</abbr><ex>εο</ex><abbr>ῦ</abbr></expan> 
                           <lb n="3"/><expan><abbr>μ</abbr><ex>ητ</ex><abbr>ροπολ</abbr><ex>ί</ex><abbr>τ</abbr><ex>ῃ</ex></expan> 
                            <lb n="4"/><expan><abbr>Κρήτ</abbr><supplied reason="lost"><abbr>η</abbr><ex>ς</ex></supplied></expan></ab>
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                 <div type="textpart" subtype="label" n="obv" rend="columns" xml:lang="grc">
                       <ab>
                      <lb n="0"/>̣|Ι̅Ω̣̅ΟΔ
                       </ab>
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                     <ab>
                          
                           <lb n="1"/>
                           <lb n="2"/>.NΙΗ̣ΤΑ̣
                         <lb n="3"/>Ε̣ΛΕΟ̣Θ̅Υ̅ 
                         <lb n="4"/>̅Ο̅ΠΟΛΤ
                         <lb n="5"/>ΡΗΤ.
                         <lb n="6"/>
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              <div type="translation">
                  <p>Ὁ ἅγιος Ἰωάννης ὁ Πρόδρομος. / + Νικήτᾳ ἐλέǫ Θεοῦ μητροπολίτῃ Κρήτης.</p>
                  <p xml:lang="en">Saint John Prodomos. Niketas, by the grace of God,  metropolitan of Crete.</p>
                  <p xml:lang="fr">Archange Michel. Nicétas, par la grâce de Dieu, métropolite de Crète.</p>
              </div>
         
              <div type="commentary" subtype="text">
                  <p xml:lang="fr">V. Laurent a établi une chronologie des métropolites de Crète
                      entre la reconquête de l’île par Nicéphore Phocas et le règne d’Alexis III. Il faut en exclure André, qui n’est
                      d’ailleurs pas mentionné dans la liste, que Laurent refusait d’identifi er à l’hymnographe du début du viiie siècle.
                      Pour le reste, selon Laurent, deux Nicétas ont dû se succéder sur le siège de Gortyne entre 1030 et la fi n du
                      siècle[1]. Notre bulle est à attribuer à l’un des deux.</p>
              </div>
              <div type="commentary" subtype="footnotes">
                  <p xml:lang="fr" xml:id="footnote-1">
                      [1] V. Laurent, Le Synodicon de Sybrita et les métropolites de Crète aux xe-xiiie siècles, <hi rend="italic">Échos d’Orient</hi> 32, 1933, p. 385-412, p. 400
                      pour Nicétas.
                  </p> 
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                      <bibl>
                          <ptr target="CheynetTatış"/>, <citedRange unit="page">290</citedRange>
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                          <ptr target="xxx"/>, <citedRange unit="page"/>
                          <!--(α) Vienne, MK 325, 326 ; (β) DO 58.106.88.
                          Ed. des // : (α, β) lAurent, Corpus V/1, no 518 ; (β) DOSeals 2.66.3.-->
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