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                <title xml:lang="fr">Sceau de Théodore Marchapsabos, protoproèdre</title>
                <title xml:lang="en">Seal of Theodore Marchapsabos, protoproedros</title>
                <editor role="seal-editor" xml:id="JCC">Jean-Claude Cheynet</editor>
                <funder>
                    <orgName corresp="https://anr.fr/">Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR)</orgName>, France / <orgName corresp="https://www.dfg.de/">Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG)</orgName>, Deutschland
                </funder>
                <principal>Alessio Sopracasa</principal>
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                <edition>
                    <seg xml:lang="fr">Amélioration digitale</seg>
                    <seg xml:lang="en">Digital enhancement</seg>
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                <editor role="digital-editor" xml:id="SM" when="2024-05-30">Sima Meziridou</editor>
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                <authority>ANR/DFG DigiByzSeal - Unlocking the Hidden Value of Seals: New
                    Methodologies for Historical Research in Byzantine Studies</authority>
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                            <forename>Θεόδωρος</forename>
                            <surname>Μαρχαψάβος</surname>
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                            <forename>Théodore</forename>
                            <surname>Marchapsabos</surname>
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                            <forename>Theodore</forename>
                            <surname>Marchapsabos</surname>
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                        <country>
                            <seg xml:lang="fr">Turquie</seg>
                            <seg xml:lang="en">Turkey</seg>
                        </country>
                        <settlement>
                            <seg xml:lang="fr">Izmir</seg>
                            <seg xml:lang="en">Izmir</seg>
                        </settlement>
                        <institution/> 
                        <repository/> 
                        <collection type="private" xml:lang="en" ref="URI"><rs type="collection-name" xml:lang="en">
                            <persName role="issuer" ref="https://viaf.org/viaf/48683064/">Yavuz Tatış</persName> collection
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                        <idno type="inv-nr-current">2895</idno>
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                            <seg xml:lang="en">Dignitaries</seg>
                            <seg xml:lang="fr">Dignitaires</seg>
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                                            <seg xml:lang="fr">Sceau</seg>
                                            <seg xml:lang="en">Seal</seg>
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                                        <interp type="workType" xml:lang="fr">Empreinte originale</interp>
                                        <interp type="workType" xml:lang="en">Original impression</interp>
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                                    <material>
                                        <seg xml:lang="fr">Plomb</seg>
                                        <seg xml:lang="en">Lead</seg>
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                                        <dim type="diameter">15</dim>
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                                    <measure type="weight" unit="g">5,78</measure>
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                                    <measure type="overstrikeOrient" unit="clock"/>
                                    <measure type="channelOrient" unit="clock">12-6</measure>
                                    <measure type="countermark" unit="clock"/>
                                </support>
                                <condition rend=" worn-edge"> 
                                    <p xml:lang="fr">Peu échancré aux orifices du canal ; à peine pressé sur un ou deux points.</p>
                                    <p xml:lang="en">Slightly indented at the orifices of the canal; barely pressed at one or two points.</p>
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                                        <seg xml:lang="fr">Frappé</seg>
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                                        <seg xml:lang="fr">Ronde</seg>
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                        <origin>
                            <origPlace>
                                <seg xml:lang="fr">
                                    <placeName/>
                                </seg>
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                            <origDate type="analysis" notBefore="1070" evidence="epigraphy" cert="high" resp="#JCC">
                                <seg xml:lang="fr">Ca. 1070</seg>
                                <seg xml:lang="en">Ca. 1070</seg>
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                                <seg xml:lang="en">Obverse</seg>
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                                <seg xml:lang="fr">Grec byzantin</seg>
                                <seg xml:lang="en">Byzantine Greek</seg>
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                                            <dim type="diameter">15</dim>
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                                        <p xml:lang="fr">Légende linéaire sur 5 lignes</p>
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                                        <figDesc n="decoR" xml:lang="fr">Cercle de perles</figDesc>
                                        <figDesc n="decoR" xml:lang="en">Circle of pearls</figDesc>
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                                </decoNote>
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                                <seg xml:lang="en">Reverse</seg>
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                                <seg xml:lang="fr">Grec byzantin</seg>
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                                    <layout n="v">
                                        <dimensions type="written" unit="mm">
                                            <dim type="diameter">15</dim>
                                        </dimensions>
                                        <p xml:lang="fr">Légende linéaire sur 4 lignes</p>
                                        <p xml:lang="en">Linear legend of 4 lines</p>
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                                        <figDesc n="decoV" xml:lang="fr">Cercle de perles ; légende surmontée d’une perle</figDesc>
                                        <figDesc n="decoV" xml:lang="en">Circle of pearls; legend surmounted by a pearl</figDesc>
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                <language ident="Grek">Greek script</language>
                <language ident="Latn">Latin script</language>
                <language ident="grc">Ancient Greek language (to 1453; assumed to be in its standard script: Grek)</language>
                <language ident="la">Latin language (assumed to be in its standard script: Latn)</language>
                <language ident="grc-Latn">Ancient Greek Language (to 1453), rendered in Latin script</language>
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            <change when="2023-06-23" who="#AS"/>
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                  <desc>Obverse</desc>
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                      <desc>Digital image of the obverse (2019).</desc>
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                  <desc>Reverse</desc>
                  <graphic url="https://www.abcde.com" type="digital">
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                  <div type="textpart" subtype="face" n="obv" rend="linear" xml:lang="grc"> 
                        <ab>
                             <lb n="1"/><expan><abbr>Θ</abbr><ex>εοτό</ex><abbr>κε</abbr></expan> <expan><abbr>β</abbr><ex>οή</ex><abbr>θ</abbr><ex>ει</ex></expan> 
                          <lb n="2"/>τῷ σῷ οἰ
                          <lb n="3" break="no"/>κέτῃ Θε
                          <lb n="4" break="no"/>ωδόρ
                          <lb n="5" break="no"/>ῳ
                        </ab>
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                  <div type="textpart" subtype="face" n="rev" rend="linear" xml:lang="grc">
                      <ab>
                           <lb n="6"/><expan><abbr><am><g ref="#alpha"/></am></abbr><ex>πρωτο</ex><abbr>προ
                          <lb n="7" break="no"/>έδρῳ</abbr></expan> τῷ 
                          <lb n="8"/>Μαρχα
                          <lb n="9" break="no"/>ψάβῳ
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                  <div type="textpart" subtype="face" n="obv" rend="linear" xml:lang="grc">
                       <ab>
                           <lb n="1"/>Θ̅Κ̅ΕΘ
                           <lb n="2"/>ΤΣΟΙ
                           <lb n="3"/>ΕΤΗΘΕ
                           <lb n="4"/>ΔΟΡ <!-- Δ not found in Athena ruby palette -->
                           <lb n="5"/>                           
                       </ab>
                   </div>                  
                  <div type="textpart" subtype="face" n="obv" rend="linear" xml:lang="grc">
                       <ab>  
                           <lb n="0"/>
                           <lb n="6"/>ΑΠΡΟ <!-- A not found in Athena ruby palette -->
                           <lb n="7"/>ΕΔΡΤ
                           <lb n="8"/>ΜΑΡΧΑ
                           <lb n="9"/>ΨΑ
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              <div type="translation">
                  <p>Θεοτόκε βοήθει τῷ σῷ οἰκέτῃ Θεωδόρῳ / πρωτοπροέδρῳ τῷ Μαρχαψάβῳ.</p>
                  <p xml:lang="en">Mother of God help your servant Theodore Marchapsabos, protoproedros.</p>
                  <p xml:lang="fr">Mère de Dieu aide ton serviteur Théodore Marchapsabos, protoproèdre.</p>
              </div>
              <div type="commentary" subtype="text">
                  <p xml:lang="fr">L’invocation liminaire utilise le rare οἰκέτῃ au lieu de l’habituel δούλῳ. La collection Tatış
                      possède trois autres sceaux de ce même personnage (cf. Tatış, nos 2.77, 3.8, 3.9). Cette lignée n’est connue que
                      par des sceaux datant de la seconde moitié du XIe siècle, mais ils sont particulièrement abondants.</p>
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                  <p xml:lang=""/> 
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                          <ptr target="CheynetTatış"/>, <citedRange unit="page">242-243</citedRange>
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                          <ptr target="xxx"/>, <citedRange unit="page"/>
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