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                <title xml:lang="fr">Sceau de N., spathaire et grand curateur</title>
                <title xml:lang="en">Seal of N, spatharios and grand kourator</title>
                <editor role="seal-editor" xml:id="JCC">Jean-Claude Cheynet</editor>
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                    <orgName corresp="https://anr.fr/">Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR)</orgName>, France / <orgName corresp="https://www.dfg.de/">Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG)</orgName>, Deutschland
                </funder>
                <principal>Alessio Sopracasa</principal>
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                    <seg xml:lang="fr">Amélioration digitale</seg>
                    <seg xml:lang="en">Digital enhancement</seg>
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                <editor role="digital-editor" xml:id="SM" when="2024-03-29">Sima Meziridou</editor>
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                <authority>ANR/DFG DigiByzSeal - Unlocking the Hidden Value of Seals: New
                    Methodologies for Historical Research in Byzantine Studies</authority>
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                            <forename>Anonyme</forename>                            
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                            <seg xml:lang="fr">Turquie</seg>
                            <seg xml:lang="en">Turkey</seg>
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                            <seg xml:lang="fr">Izmir</seg>
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                                            <seg xml:lang="fr">Sceau</seg>
                                            <seg xml:lang="en">Seal</seg>
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                                        <interp type="workType" xml:lang="en">Original impression</interp>
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                                <condition rend=" double-struck">
                                    <p xml:lang="fr">Double frappe particulièrement visible au droit ; flan très rogné au sommet.</p>
                                    <p xml:lang="en">Double strike particularly visible on the right side; very trimmed flan at the top.</p>
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                                <seg xml:lang="fr">IXe siècle (première moitié)</seg>
                                <seg xml:lang="en">9th C. first half</seg>
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                                <seg xml:lang="en">Obverse</seg>
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                                <seg xml:lang="fr">Grec byzantin</seg>
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                                        <p xml:lang="fr">Monogramme cruciforme</p>
                                        <p xml:lang="en">Cruciform monogram</p>
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                                        <figDesc n="decoR" xml:lang="fr">Cercle de feuillage</figDesc>
                                        <figDesc n="decoR" xml:lang="en">Circle of foliage</figDesc>
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                                        </dimensions>
                                        <p xml:lang="fr">Légende linéaire sur 3 lignes</p>
                                        <p xml:lang="en">Linear legend of 3 lines</p>
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                <language ident="Grek">Greek script</language>
                <language ident="Latn">Latin script</language>
                <language ident="grc">Ancient Greek language (to 1453; assumed to be in its standard script: Grek)</language>
                <language ident="la">Latin language (assumed to be in its standard script: Latn)</language>
                <language ident="grc-Latn">Ancient Greek Language (to 1453), rendered in Latin script</language>
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            <change when="2023-06-23" who="#AS"/>
            <change when="2024-03-29" who="#SM">Filled in metadata in new template</change>
            <change when="2024-04-03" who="#SM">Filled in comments and bibliography</change>
            <change when="2024-04-12" who="#SM">Corrections on metadata</change>
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                  <desc>Obverse</desc>
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                      <desc>Digital image of the obverse (2019).</desc>
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                      <ab>
                            <lb n="1"/><app type="alternative">
                               <lem><expan><ex>Θεοτόκε βοήθει</ex></expan></lem>
                               <rdg><expan><ex>Κύριε βοήθει</ex></expan></rdg>
                           </app> <supplied reason="lost">τῷ</supplied> <supplied reason="lost">σῷ</supplied> δούλῳ
                      </ab>                        
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                      <ab>
                            <lb n="2"/><gap reason="lost" quantity="1" unit="line"/>
                            <lb n="3"/><gap reason="lost" quantity="2" unit="character"/><expan><abbr>σπαθ</abbr><ex>αρίῳ</ex></expan> <expan><abbr><am><g ref="#alpha"/></am></abbr><ex>καὶ</ex></expan> <supplied reason="lost">μ</supplied>
                            <lb n="4"/><supplied reason="lost">ε</supplied>γάλῳ κου
                            <lb n="5" break="no"/>ράτορι
                      </ab>                           
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                      <ab>
                          <lb n="1"/>.–.–Η–Β–Ο–Θ–..–..–  <!-- Δ not found in Athena ruby palette -->
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                          <lb n="2"/>......  
                          <lb n="3"/>..ΣΑΘϗ.
                          <lb n="4"/>.ΓΑΛΚ
                          <lb n="5"/>.ΤΟΡΙ
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              <div type="apparatus"/>
                  
              <div type="translation">
                  <p>Θεοτόκε <hi rend="italic">vel</hi> Κύριε βοήθει τῷ σῷ δούλῳ / + Νικολάῳ βασιλικῷ πρωτοσπαθαρίῳ καὶ μεγάλῳ κουράτορι.</p>
                  <p xml:lang="en">Mother of God <hi rend="italic">ou</hi> Lord help your servant Nicholas, imperial protospatharios and grand kourator.</p>
                  <p xml:lang="fr">Mère de Dieu <hi rend="italic">ou</hi> Seigneur aide ton serviteur Nicolas, protospathaire impérial et grand curateur.</p>
              </div>
              
              <div type="commentary" subtype="text">
                  <p xml:lang="fr">Le grand curateur est attesté depuis la fin du VIe siècle [1], mais notre sigillant
                      est l’un des plus anciens à avoir laissé une bulle. Compte tenu de la lacune initiale de la légende, on peut
                      hésiter entre les dignités de protospathaire ou de spathaire. Cette dernière dignité est préférable car elle était
                      attribuée à un contemporain, Nicétas, qui exerçait la même charge [2].</p>
              </div>                
              <div type="commentary" subtype="footnotes">
                  <p xml:lang="fr" xml:id="footnote-1">
                      [1]. Oikonomidès, <hi rend=" italic">Listes</hi>, p. 318.
                  </p>
                  <p xml:lang="fr" xml:id="footnote-2">
                      [2]. Zacos – Veglery, no 3158.
                  </p>
              </div>               
              <div type="bibliography" subtype="edition"> <!-- // : DO 55.1.2662, inédit. -->
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                          <ptr target="CheynetTatış"/>, <citedRange unit="page">43-44</citedRange>
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