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                <title xml:lang="fr">Sceau de Olbianos, protospathaire impérial et tourmarque</title>
                <title xml:lang="en">Seal of Olbianos, imperial protospatharios and tourmarches</title>
                <editor role="seal-editor" xml:id="JCC">Jean-Claude Cheynet</editor>
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                    <orgName corresp="https://anr.fr/">Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR)</orgName>, France / <orgName corresp="https://www.dfg.de/">Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG)</orgName>, Deutschland
                </funder>
                <principal>Alessio Sopracasa</principal>
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                    <seg xml:lang="fr">Amélioration digitale</seg>
                    <seg xml:lang="en">Digital enhancement</seg>
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                <editor role="digital-editor" xml:id="SM" when="2024-04-10">Sima Meziridou</editor>
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                <authority>ANR/DFG DigiByzSeal - Unlocking the Hidden Value of Seals: New
                    Methodologies for Historical Research in Byzantine Studies</authority>
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                            <forename>Ὀλβιανός</forename>                          
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                                    <p xml:lang="fr">Flan trop petit, à peine échancré aux orifices du canal ; légères traces d’usure sur les deux faces.</p>
                                    <p xml:lang="en">Blank too small, barely indented at the channel openings; slight traces of wear on both sides.</p>
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                                        <p xml:lang="fr">Légende linéaire sur 4 lignes</p>
                                        <p xml:lang="en">Linear legend of 4 lines</p> 
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                <language ident="la">Latin language (assumed to be in its standard script: Latn)</language>
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            <change when="2023-06-23" who="#AS"/>
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                  <desc>Obverse</desc>
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                      <desc>Digital image of the obverse (2019).</desc>
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                   <div type="textpart" subtype="face" n="obv" rend="monogram-cross" xml:lang="grc">
                      <ab>
                     <lb n="1"/><expan><ex>Θεοτόκε βοήθει</ex></expan> <supplied reason="lost">τ</supplied>ῷ σῷ <supplied reason="lost">δ</supplied>ούλ<supplied reason="lost">ῳ</supplied>
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                      <ab>
                          <lb n="2"/>+ Ὀλβι
                          <lb n="3" break="no"/>ανῷ <expan><abbr>β</abbr><ex>ασιλικῷ</ex></expan> <expan><abbr><am><g ref="#alpha"/></am></abbr><ex>πρωτο</ex><abbr>σ
                          <lb n="4" break="no"/>πα</abbr><ex>θάριῳ</ex></expan> <expan><abbr><am><g ref="#kai"/></am></abbr><ex>καὶ</ex></expan> <expan><abbr>τ</abbr><supplied reason="lost"><abbr>ο</abbr></supplied><abbr>υρ
                          <lb n="5" break="no"/>μά</abbr><ex>ρχῃ</ex></expan>
                               </ab>
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                  <div type="textpart" subtype="face" n="obv" rend="monogram-cross" xml:lang="grc">
                      <ab>
                          <lb n="1"/>.–.–Η–Β–Θ–.–Σ–.Λ           
                      </ab>
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                      <ab>  
                          <lb n="2"/>ΟΛΒΙ    
                          <lb n="3"/>ΝΒ/Α/Σ
                          <lb n="4"/>ΠΑ/ϗΤ.ΥΡ    
                          <lb n="5"/>ΜΑ/
                      </ab>
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              </div>
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                      <app xml:lang=""/>
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              <div type="translation">
                  <p>Θεοτόκε βοήθει τῷ σῷ δούλῳ / + Ὀλβιανῷ βασιλικῷ πρωτοσπαθαρίῳ καὶ τουρμάρχῃ.</p>
                  <p xml:lang="en">Mother of God help your servant Olbianos, imperial protospatharios and tourmarches.</p>
                  <p xml:lang="fr">Mère de Dieu aide ton serviteur Olbianos, protospathaire impérial et tourmarque.</p>
              </div>
              <div type="commentary" subtype="text">
                  <p xml:lang="fr">
                      Le ΟΥ a des empattements obliques et le B est fermé. Olbianos est un nom peu répandu
                      puisque la <hi rend="italic">PmbZ</hi> relève six occurrences, ce qui ne signifie pas qu’il y ait eu six porteurs du nom (nos 5644-5649).
                      Un Olbianos, partisan de Michel II, fut stratège des Arméniaques et le soutint lors de la révolte de Thomas le
                      Slave [1]. Il fut peut-être aussi stratège de Macédoine, si un sceau peut lui être attribué, ce qui est incertain, car
                      cet Olbianos était seulement titré spathaire [2]. Notre sceau peut marquer une étape antérieure de la carrière du
                      stratège des Arméniaques, car la dignité de protospathaire est élevée pour un tourmarque de ce temps, puisque
                      des stratèges de grands thèmes n’obtenaient pas une dignité supérieure.
                  </p>
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              <div type="commentary" subtype="footnotes">
                  <p xml:lang="fr" xml:id="footnote-1">
                      [1]. <hi rend="italic">Chronographiae quae Theophanis Continuati nomine fertur Libri</hi> I-IV. Recensuerunt anglice verterunt indicibus instruxerunt M.
                      Featherstone et J. Signes-Codoñer (CFHB– Series Berolinensis 53), Berlin-Boston 2015, p. 80 ; <hi rend="italic">PmbZ</hi>, no 5646.
                  </p> 
                  <p xml:lang="fr" xml:id="footnote-2">
                      [2]. <hi rend="italic">DOSeals</hi> 1.43.31.
                  </p> 
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                      <bibl>
                          <ptr target="CheynetTatış"/>, <citedRange unit="page">101-102</citedRange>
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              <div type="bibliography" subtype="parallels"> <!-- // : Zacos (BnF) 4314, inédit. -->
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                          <ptr target="xxx"/>, <citedRange unit="page"/>
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