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                <title xml:lang="fr">Sceau de Grégoire, évêque d’Attaleia</title>
                <title xml:lang="en">Seal of Gregory, bishop of Attaleia</title>
                <editor role="seal-editor" xml:id="JCC">Jean-Claude Cheynet</editor>
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                    <orgName corresp="https://anr.fr/">Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR)</orgName>, France / <orgName corresp="https://www.dfg.de/">Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG)</orgName>, Deutschland
                </funder>
                <principal>Alessio Sopracasa</principal>
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                <edition>
                    <seg xml:lang="fr">Amélioration digitale</seg>
                    <seg xml:lang="en">Digital enhancement</seg>
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                <editor role="digital-editor" xml:id="NB" when="2024-05-28">Numa Buchs</editor>
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                <authority>ANR/DFG DigiByzSeal - Unlocking the Hidden Value of Seals: New
                    Methodologies for Historical Research in Byzantine Studies</authority>
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                            <forename>Γρηγόριος</forename>
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                            <forename>Grégoire</forename>
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                        <persName xml:lang="en">
                            <forename>Gregory</forename>
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                            <seg xml:lang="fr">Turquie</seg>
                            <seg xml:lang="en">Turkey</seg>
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                        <settlement>
                            <seg xml:lang="fr">Izmir</seg>
                            <seg xml:lang="en">Izmir</seg>
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                        <institution/> 
                        <repository/> 
                        <collection type="private" xml:lang="en" ref="URI"><rs type="collection-name" xml:lang="en">
                            <persName role="issuer" ref="https://viaf.org/viaf/48683064/">Yavuz Tatış</persName> collection
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                        <idno type="inv-nr-current">2012</idno>
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                                            <seg xml:lang="fr">Sceau</seg>
                                            <seg xml:lang="en">Seal</seg>
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                                        <interp type="workType" xml:lang="fr">Empreinte originale</interp>
                                        <interp type="workType" xml:lang="en">Original impression</interp>
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                                        <seg xml:lang="fr">Plomb</seg>
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                                    <measure type="channelOrient" unit="clock">12-6</measure>
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                                <condition rend="crushed"> 
                                    <p xml:lang="fr">A peine échancré aux orifices du canal ; légèrement rogné au sommet du flan ; écrasé sur les deux
                                        côtés des deux faces</p>
                                    <p xml:lang="en">Barely indented at the orifices of the canal; slightly trimmed at the top of the blank; crushed on both sides.
                                        sides of both faces</p>
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                                        <seg xml:lang="fr">Frappé</seg>
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                            <origDate type="analysis" notBefore="1001" notAfter="1033" evidence="epigraphy" cert="high" resp="#JCC">
                                <seg xml:lang="fr">XIe siècle (premier tiers)</seg>
                                <seg xml:lang="en">11th C. (first third)</seg>
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                        <provenance type="found" subtype="discovered"> 
                            <placeName type="ancientFindspot" ref="URI" xml:lang=""/> 
                            <placeName type="modernFindspot" ref="URI" xml:lang=""/>
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                                            <dim type="diameter">18</dim>
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                                        <p xml:lang="fr">Iconographie avec légende en colonnes</p>
                                        <p xml:lang="en">Iconography with legend in columns</p>
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                                        <figDesc n="r" xml:lang="fr">Buste de la
                                            Vierge, de face, esquissant des deux mains le geste
                                            de l’étonnement. Le voile est orné d’un losange de
                                            perles sur le front et les épaules.</figDesc>
                                        <figDesc n="r" xml:lang="en">Bust of the Virgin, facing front, gesturing with both hands in astonishment. 
                                            The veil is decorated with a rhombus of pearls on the forehead and shoulders.</figDesc>
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                                        <figDesc n="decoR" xml:lang="en">Circle of pearls</figDesc>
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                                <seg xml:lang="en">Reverse</seg>
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                                        <p xml:lang="fr">Légende linéaire sur 5 lignes</p>
                                        <p xml:lang="en">Linear legend of 5 lines</p> 
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                                    <figure>
                                        <figDesc n="v" xml:lang="fr">Légende précédée d’une croisette et suivie d’un losange de perles accosté de
                                            tirets ; la dernière ligne est cantonnée de perles</figDesc>
                                        <figDesc n="v" xml:lang="en">Legend preceded by a cross and followed by a lozenge of pearls flanked by dashes; the last line is surrounded by pearls.</figDesc>
                                        <figDesc n="decoV" xml:lang=""/>
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                <language ident="Grek">Greek script</language>
                <language ident="Latn">Latin script</language>
                <language ident="grc">Ancient Greek language (to 1453; assumed to be in its standard script: Grek)</language>
                <language ident="la">Latin language (assumed to be in its standard script: Latn)</language>
                <language ident="grc-Latn">Ancient Greek Language (to 1453), rendered in Latin script</language>
                <language ident="la-Grek">Latin written in Greek script</language>
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            <change when="2023-06-23" who="#AS"/>
            <change when="2024-05-24" who="#NB">Filled in metadata in new template</change>
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                  <desc>Obverse</desc>
                  <graphic url="https://www.abcde.com" type="digital">
                      <desc>Digital image of the obverse (2019).</desc>
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                  <desc>Reverse</desc>
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  <div type="textpart" subtype="sigla" n="obv" rend="columns" xml:lang="grc">
                         <ab>
                        <cb n="a"/><expan><abbr>Μή</abbr><ex>τη</ex><abbr>ρ</abbr></expan> 
                        <cb n="b"/><expan><abbr>Θ</abbr><ex>εο</ex><abbr>ῦ</abbr></expan>
                      </ab>
                  </div>
                <div type="textpart" subtype="face" n="obv" rend="circular" xml:lang="grc">
                       <ab>
                            <lb n="1"/><expan><abbr>Θ</abbr><ex>εοτό</ex><abbr>κε</abbr></expan> <supplied reason="lost">βοήθει</supplied>
                                τῷ σ<supplied reason="lost">ῷ</supplied> <expan><supplied reason="lost"><abbr>δού</abbr></supplied><abbr>λ</abbr><ex>ῳ</ex></expan>
                      </ab>
                  </div>
                 
                      <div type="textpart" subtype="face" n="rev" rend="linear" xml:lang="grc">
                      <ab>
                          <lb n="1"/>+ <expan><abbr>Γρη
                             <lb n="2" break="no"/>γόριο</abbr><ex>ς</ex></expan> <expan><abbr>ἐ</abbr>
                             <lb n="3" break="no"/><supplied reason="lost"><abbr>π</abbr></supplied><abbr>ίσκοπ</abbr><ex>ος</ex></expan> 
                          <lb n="4"/><expan><abbr>Ἀτ</abbr><ex>τ</ex><abbr>αλ</abbr><supplied reason="lost"><ex>ε</ex><abbr>ί</abbr></supplied>
                          <lb n="5" break="no"/><abbr>ας</abbr></expan><!-- tau et epsilon nécessaire? -->
</ab>


                          </div>

            </div>
              <div type="edition" subtype="diplomatic" xml:space="preserve">
                 <div type="textpart" subtype="sigla" n="obv" rend="columns" xml:lang="grc">
                       <ab>
                      <lb n="0"/>̅Θ̅Υ
                       </ab>
                     </div>   
                        <div type="textpart" subtype="face" n="obv" rend="circular" xml:lang="grc">
                       <ab>
                            <lb n="1"/>Θ̣Κ̣Ε̣....ΤΣ...Λ
                      </ab>
                  </div>
                 
                  <div type="textpart" subtype="face" n="rev" rend="linear" xml:lang="grc">
                     <ab>
                          
                           <lb n="2"/>ΓΡΗ
                           <lb n="3"/>ΓΟΡΙΟΕ̣
                         <lb n="4"/>.ΙΣΚΟΠ̣
                         <lb n="5"/>ΑΤΑΛ̣.
                         <lb n="6"/>ΑΣ̣.
                         <lb n="7"/>.
                     </ab>
                  </div>
              </div>
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                      <app xml:lang=""/>
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              <div type="translation">
                  <p>Μήτηρ Θεοῦ. Θεοτόκε βοήθει τῷ σῷ δούλῳ / + Γρηγόριος ἐπίσκοπος Ἀτταλείας.</p>
                  <p xml:lang="en">Mother of God. Mother of God help your servant Gregory, bishop of Attaleia.</p>
                  <p xml:lang="fr">Mère de Dieu. Mère de Dieu aide ton serviteur Grégoire, évêque d’Attaleia.</p>
              </div>
         
              <div type="commentary" subtype="text">
                  <p xml:lang="fr">Le type de Vierge de notre bulle était populaire avant la découverte de l’icône
                      de la Vierge Blachernitissa, qui devint ensuite le modèle dominant, et les lettres pourraient être datées de la fi n
                      du xe siècle. Les différents éditeurs du sceau de la collection Shaw ont préféré transcrire la légende au datif,
                      mais les éditeurs du sceau Zarnitz ont noté, comme sur notre exemplaire, la présence d’une abréviation après
                      le O2 et donc transcrit, à juste titre, la légende au nominatif. Grégoire étant un simple évêque, il est exclu qu’il
                      ait occupé le siège métropolitain du grand port des Cibyrrhéotes, Attaleia. Il existait deux évêchés de ce nom,
                      l’un dépendant de Sardes en Lydie et l’autre de Pergè en Pamphylie et il est impossible de trancher entre les
                      deux possibilités.</p>
              </div>
              <div type="commentary" subtype="footnotes">
                  <p xml:lang="fr" xml:id="footnote-1">
                  
                  </p> 
              </div>
              <div type="bibliography" subtype="edition">
                  <p>
                      <bibl>
                          <ptr target="CheynetTatış"/>, <citedRange unit="page">287</citedRange>
                      </bibl>
                  </p>
              </div>
              <div type="bibliography" subtype="parallels"> 
                      <bibl>
                          <ptr target="xxx"/>, <citedRange unit="page"/>
                         <!-- (α) DO 47.2.49 ; (β) Munich, Staatliche Münzsammlung, fonds Zarnitz, inv. 419 ; (γ) Zacos (BnF) 1823, inédit.
                          Éd. des // : (α) lAurent, Corpus V/1, nο 874 ; DOSeals 3.101.1 ; (β) seibt – ZArnitZ, Bleisiegel, nο 5.2.9.-->
                      </bibl>
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