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                <title xml:lang="fr">Sceau de Nicolas II (Chrysobergès), patriarche de Constantinople</title>
                <title xml:lang="en">Seal of Nikolaos II (Chrysoberges), patriarch of Constantinople</title>
                <editor role="seal-editor" xml:id="JCC">Jean-Claude Cheynet</editor>
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                    <orgName corresp="https://anr.fr/">Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR)</orgName>, France / <orgName corresp="https://www.dfg.de/">Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG)</orgName>, Deutschland
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                <principal>Alessio Sopracasa</principal>
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                    <seg xml:lang="fr">Amélioration digitale</seg>
                    <seg xml:lang="en">Digital enhancement</seg>
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                <editor role="digital-editor" xml:id="NB" when="2024-05-24">Numa Buchs</editor>
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                <authority>ANR/DFG DigiByzSeal - Unlocking the Hidden Value of Seals: New
                    Methodologies for Historical Research in Byzantine Studies</authority>
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                            <forename>Νικόλαος</forename><surname>Χρυσοβέργης</surname>
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                            <forename>Nicolas</forename><surname>Chrysobergès</surname>
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                            <forename>Nikolaos</forename><surname>Chrysoberges</surname>
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                            <seg xml:lang="fr">Turquie</seg>
                            <seg xml:lang="en">Turkey</seg>
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                            <seg xml:lang="en">Izmir</seg>
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                                    <p xml:lang="fr">Légèrement échancré aux orifices du canal ; faiblement usé sur les deux faces</p>
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                                <seg xml:lang="fr">980-992</seg>
                                <seg xml:lang="en">980-992</seg>
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                                            l’Enfant qu’elle porte sur le bras gauche. La Théotokos, debout sur un souppédion rectangulaire, avance vers
                                            l’Enfant la main droite, ramenée devant elle, à demi ouverte en geste d’adoration. Le Christ, au nimbe crucigère
                                            orné d’une perle en chaque bras, tient un rouleau en main gauche et bénit de l’autre.</figDesc>
                                        <figDesc n="r" xml:lang="en">Full-length Virgin Hodegetria, front view, head turned slightly towards the Child on her left arm. 
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                                            half open in a gesture of adoration. Christ, with a cruciform nimbus adorned with a pearl on each arm, holds a scroll in his left hand and blesses with the other.</figDesc>
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                                        <figDesc n="v" xml:lang="fr">Légende surmontée et suivie d'une croisette de perles accostée de tirets</figDesc>
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                <language ident="Grek">Greek script</language>
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                <language ident="la">Latin language (assumed to be in its standard script: Latn)</language>
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            <change when="2023-06-23" who="#AS"/>
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                      <desc>Digital image of the obverse (2019).</desc>
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    <div type="textpart" subtype="sigla" n="obv" rend="columns" xml:lang="grc">
                       <ab>
                         <cb n="a"/><expan><abbr>Μή</abbr><ex>τη</ex><abbr>ρ</abbr></expan>
                        <cb n="b"/><expan><abbr>Θ</abbr><ex>εο</ex><abbr>ῦ</abbr></expan>
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                       <ab>
                        <lb n="1"/>+ <expan><abbr>Θ</abbr><ex>εοτό</ex><abbr>κε</abbr></expan> βοήθει τῷ σῷ δούλῳ
 
                      </ab>
                  
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                      <ab>
                          <lb n="2"/>Νικολάῳ 
                             <lb n="3"/>ἀρχιεπισκό
                             <lb n="4" break="no"/>πῳ Κωνσταντι
                          <lb n="5" break="no"/>νουπόλεως Νέ
                          <lb n="6" break="no"/>ας Ῥώμης
                               </ab>

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                 <div type="textpart" subtype="sigla" n="obv" rend="columns" xml:lang="grc">
                       <ab>
                      <lb n="0"/>Θ̅Υ̅ 
 
                       </ab>
                     </div>   
                       <div type="textpart" subtype="face" n="obv" rend="circular" xml:lang="grc">
                       <ab>
                        <lb n="1"/>ΘΚΕΟΗΘΕΙΤΣΔΟΥΛ
 
                      </ab>
                   </div>   
                 
                  <div type="textpart" subtype="face" n="rev" rend="linear" xml:lang="grc">
                     <ab>
                           <lb n="2"/>
                             <lb n="3"/>ΝΙΚΟΛΑ
                           <lb n="4"/>ΑΧΕΠΙΣΟ
                           <lb n="5"/>ΠΝΣΤΑΝΤΙ
                         <lb n="6"/>ΝΠΟΛΕΣΝΕ
                         <lb n="7"/>ΑΣΜΗΣ̣
                         <lb n="8"/>
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                  <p>Μήτηρ Θεοῦ. + Θεοτόκε βοήθει τῷ σῷ δούλῳ. / Νικολάῳ ἀρχιεπισκόπῳ Κωνσταντινουπόλεως Νέας Ῥώμης.</p>
                  <p xml:lang="en">Mother of God. Mother of God help your servant Nikolaos, archbishop of Constantinople, New Rome</p>
                  <p xml:lang="fr">Mère de Dieu. Mère de Dieu aide ton serviteur Nicolas, archevêque de Constantinople, Nouvelle Rome.</p>
              </div>
         
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                  <p xml:lang="fr">Nicolas Chrysobergès fut choisi comme patriarche après une vacance du trône de plus de deux
                      ans, après la mort de son prédécesseur, Antoine. Nous ignorons ses activités antérieures, sachant seulement qu’il
                      était moine et lié à Athanase de Lavra. Nicolas est le premier représentant connu d’une famille qui donna ensuite
                      des fonctionnaires civils et surtout des prélats de haut niveau.</p>
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                  <p xml:lang="fr" xml:id="footnote-1">
                 
                  </p> 
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                  <p>
                      <bibl>
                          <ptr target="CheynetTatış"/>, <citedRange unit="page">278-279</citedRange>
                      </bibl>
                  </p>
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              <div type="bibliography" subtype="parallels"> 
                      <bibl>
                          <ptr target="xxx"/>, <citedRange unit="page"/>
                          <!--(α) Vente Gorny & Mosch 138 (mai 2005), no 2674 ; (β) coll. Kestner (anc. coll. Zarnitz) ; (γ) vente Triton ΧΙ (anc. coll. Hecht),
no 1145, inédit.
Ed. des // : (α) J. Cotsonis, – J. nesbitt, A Seal of Patriarch Nicholas II, Byz. 76, 2006, p. 423-432 (SBS 10, 2010, p. 139) ; (β) seibt,
Kestner I, no 16, p. 51-53.-->
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