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                <title xml:lang="fr">Sceau de Basile Apokapès, protoproèdre et duc d’Edesse</title>
                <title xml:lang="en">Seal of Basil Apokapes, protoproedros and doux of Edessa</title>
                <editor role="seal-editor" xml:id="JCC">Jean-Claude Cheynet</editor>
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                    <orgName corresp="https://anr.fr/">Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR)</orgName>, France / <orgName corresp="https://www.dfg.de/">Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG)</orgName>, Deutschland
                </funder>
                <principal>Alessio Sopracasa</principal>
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                    <seg xml:lang="fr">Amélioration digitale</seg>
                    <seg xml:lang="en">Digital enhancement</seg>
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                <editor role="digital-editor" xml:id="SM" when="2024-04-16">Sima Meziridou</editor>
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                <authority>ANR/DFG DigiByzSeal - Unlocking the Hidden Value of Seals: New
                    Methodologies for Historical Research in Byzantine Studies</authority>
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                            <forename>Βασίλειος</forename>
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                            <forename>Basile</forename>               
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                            <forename>Basil</forename>  
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                            <seg xml:lang="fr">Turquie</seg>
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                            <seg xml:lang="fr">Izmir</seg>
                            <seg xml:lang="en">Izmir</seg>
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                            <persName role="issuer" ref="https://viaf.org/viaf/48683064/">Yavuz Tatış</persName> collection
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                            <seg xml:lang="en">Provincial administration</seg>
                            <seg xml:lang="fr">Administration provinciale</seg>
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                                    <measure type="overstrikeOrient" unit="clock"/>
                                    <measure type="channelOrient" unit="clock">12-6</measure>
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                                    <p xml:lang="fr">Flan peu échancré, mais fortement rogné au sommet ; le droit est presque oblitéré et le revers
                                        largement usé.</p>
                                    <p xml:lang="en">Blank slightly indented, but heavily trimmed at the top; the right is almost obliterated and the reverse widely worn.</p>
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                                <seg xml:lang="fr">
                                    <placeName ref="https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/874298">Edesse</placeName>
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                                <seg xml:lang="en">
                                    <placeName ref="https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/874298">Edessa</placeName>
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                                <seg xml:lang="fr">1078-1081</seg>
                                <seg xml:lang="en">1078-1081</seg>
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                                            <dim type="diameter">22</dim>
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                                        <p xml:lang="fr">Iconographie avec légende en colonnes</p>
                                        <p xml:lang="en">Iconography with legend in columns</p> 
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                            <decoDesc>
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                                    <figure>
                                        <figDesc n="r" xml:lang="fr">Buste de saint Basile, de face, reconnaissable à son visage aux yeux
                                            saillants, allongé par la barbe fournie et la chevelure ramassée comme une coiffe au-dessus du front</figDesc>
                                        <figDesc n="r" xml:lang="en">Bust of Saint Basil recognizable by his sharp-eyed face, 
                                            elongated by the full beard and hair gathered like a cap above the forehead</figDesc>
                                        <figDesc n="decoR" xml:lang="fr">Cercle de grènetis</figDesc>
                                        <figDesc n="decoR" xml:lang="en">Circle of dots</figDesc>
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                                <seg xml:lang="en">Reverse</seg>
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                                <seg xml:lang="fr">Grec byzantin</seg>
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                                            <dim type="diameter">22</dim>
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                                        <p xml:lang="fr">Légende linéaire sur 4 lignes</p>
                                        <p xml:lang="en">Linear legend of 4 lines</p> 
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                                <decoNote>
                                    <figure>
                                        <figDesc n="v" xml:lang=""/>
                                        <figDesc n="decoV" xml:lang="fr">Cercle de grènetis ; à la base, une
                                            perle accostée de tirets</figDesc>
                                        <figDesc n="decoV" xml:lang="en">Circle of dots; at the base a pearl flanked by dashes</figDesc>
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                <language ident="Grek">Greek script</language>
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                  <desc>Obverse</desc>
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                      <desc>Digital image of the obverse (2019).</desc>
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                           <lb n="1"/><gap reason="lost" quantity="1" unit="line"/>
                           <lb n="2"/><supplied reason="lost" cert="high" evidence="parallel">Βασίλειος</supplied>
                           <lb n="3"/><expan><abbr><am><g ref="#alpha"/></am></abbr><ex>πρωτο</ex><abbr>πρόεδ<supplied reason="lost">ρο</supplied>
                           <lb n="4" break="no"/>ς</abbr></expan> καὶ δοὺξ 
                            <lb n="5"/><expan><abbr>Ἐδέσ</abbr><ex>σ</ex><abbr>ης</abbr></expan> ὁ Ἀ
                          <lb n="6" break="no"/>ποκάπης
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                      <ab>  
                          <lb n="1"/>...
                          <lb n="2"/>.....
                          <lb n="3"/>ΑΠΡΟΕΔ..
                          <lb n="4"/>ΣΚΑΙΔΟΥ
                          <lb n="5"/>ΕΔΕΣΗΣΟΑ
                          <lb n="6"/>ΠΟΚΑΠΗΣ
                          <lb n="0"/>
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                  <p>... / ... Βασίλειος πρωτοπρόεδρος καὶ δοὺξ Ἐδέσσης ὁ Ἀποκάπης.</p>
                  <p xml:lang="en">... Basil Apokapes, protoproedros and doux of Edessa.</p>
                  <p xml:lang="fr">... Basile Apokapès, protoproèdre et duc d’Edesse.</p>
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              <div type="commentary" subtype="text">
                  <p xml:lang="fr">La ville d'Edesse, capitale de l’ancienne
                      Osroène, aujourd’hui Şanlıurfa en Turquie, revint brièvement
                      sous domination byzantine entre 1032, date de sa conquête par
                      Georges Maniakès jusqu’à sa soumission aux Seldjoukides
                      vers 1087. Elle était le siège d’un duché ou catépanat. De tous les officiers supérieurs ayant commandé à la frontière orientale, Basile Apokapès est, après son
                      supérieur Philarète Brachamios, celui qui a laissé le plus grand nombre de bulles, notamment lorsqu’il commandait
                      à Edesse jusqu’à sa mort en 1083. Les Apokapai, d’origine géorgienne, entrèrent au service de l’Empire sous
                      Basile II, à la mort du curopalate David l’Ibère [1]. Nous connaissons par ses sceaux toutes les dernières étapes
                      de la carrière de Basile qui furent accomplies à Edesse où il finit par obtenir la dignité de sébaste, accordée par
                      Alexis Comnène, soucieux de garder des appuis en Orient. Depuis la publication de la collection Théodoridès,
                      de nouveaux exemplaires sont apparus, dont deux conservés au musée d’Adıyaman [2], un autre au musée de
                      Gaziantep. Ce dernier garde aussi les bulles de deux autres membres de la famille.</p>
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              <div type="commentary" subtype="footnotes">
                  <p xml:lang="fr" xml:id="footnote-1">
                      [1]. Sur la famille, cf. M. Grünbart, Die Familie Apokapes im Lichte neuer Quellen, SBS 5, 1998, p. 29-41 et les commentaires aux
                      sceaux de Basile dans Cheynet – Theodoridis, <hi rend="italic">Sceaux patronymiques</hi>, nos 12-17.
                  </p> 
                  <p xml:lang="fr" xml:id="footnote-2">
                      [2]. Cheynet – Erdogan – Prigent, Adıyaman, p. 98. L’un des deux exemplaires a été découvert au cours de fouilles à Samsat.
                  </p>
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                          <ptr target="CheynetTatış"/>, <citedRange unit="page">135-136</citedRange>
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              <div type="bibliography" subtype="parallels"> <!-- // : Coll. Theodoridis, inv. 550.
Ed. du // : Cheynet – theodoridis, Sceaux patronymiques, no 14. -->
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