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                <title xml:lang="fr">Sceau de Nicétas, spathaire et protocentarque</title>
                <title xml:lang="en">Seal of Niketas, spatharios and protokentarchos</title>
                <editor role="seal-editor" xml:id="JCC">Jean-Claude Cheynet</editor>
                <funder>
                    <orgName corresp="https://anr.fr/">Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR)</orgName>, France / <orgName corresp="https://www.dfg.de/">Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG)</orgName>, Deutschland
                </funder>
                <principal>Alessio Sopracasa</principal>
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                <edition>
                    <seg xml:lang="fr">Amélioration digitale</seg>
                    <seg xml:lang="en">Digital enhancement</seg>
                </edition>
                <editor role="digital-editor" xml:id="SM" when="2024-04-09">Sima Meziridou</editor>
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                <authority>ANR/DFG DigiByzSeal - Unlocking the Hidden Value of Seals: New
                    Methodologies for Historical Research in Byzantine Studies</authority>
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                            <forename>Νικήτας</forename>
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                            <forename>Nicétas</forename>
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                            <forename>Niketas</forename>
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                            <seg xml:lang="fr">Turquie</seg>
                            <seg xml:lang="en">Turkey</seg>
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                            <seg xml:lang="fr">Izmir</seg>
                            <seg xml:lang="en">Izmir</seg>
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                                            <seg xml:lang="fr">Sceau</seg>
                                            <seg xml:lang="en">Seal</seg>
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                                        <interp type="workType" xml:lang="en">Original impression</interp>
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                                        <seg xml:lang="en">Lead</seg>
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                                <condition rend="worn-edge"> 
                                    <p xml:lang="fr">Echancré aux orifices du canal ; fine gravure.</p>
                                    <p xml:lang="en">Indented at the canal orifices; fine engraving.</p>
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                                <seg xml:lang="fr">XIe siècle (première moitié)</seg>
                                <seg xml:lang="en">11th C. first half</seg>
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                            <placeName type="modernFindspot" ref="URI" xml:lang=""/>
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                                <seg xml:lang="en">Obverse</seg>
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                                <seg xml:lang="fr">Grec byzantin</seg>
                                <seg xml:lang="en">Byzantine Greek</seg>
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                                        <p xml:lang="fr">Iconographie avec légende colonnes</p>
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                                        <figDesc n="r" xml:lang="fr">Buste de saint Théodore de face, à la courte barbe triangulaire,
                                            chevelure soigneusement bouclée dégageant les tempes, revêtu d’une chlamyde aux plis élégants, armé de
                                            la lance au manche bouleté en main droite et d’un bouclier bordé de grosses perles en main gauche</figDesc>
                                        <figDesc n="r" xml:lang="en">Bust of Saint Theodore with short triangular beard, curly hair, wearing an elegantly folded chlamydia, 
                                            armed with a spear in his right hand and a shield adorned with large pearls in his left</figDesc>
                                        <figDesc n="decoR" xml:lang="fr">Cercle de fin grènetis</figDesc>
                                        <figDesc n="decoR" xml:lang="en">Circle of fine dots</figDesc> 
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                                <seg xml:lang="en">Reverse</seg>
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                                <seg xml:lang="fr">Grec byzantin</seg>
                                <seg xml:lang="en">Byzantine Greek</seg>
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                                        <p xml:lang="en">Linear legend of 6 lines</p> 
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                                        <figDesc n="decoV" xml:lang="en">Circle of fine dots; legend preceded by a cross</figDesc>
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                    <mapping type="standard">A</mapping>
                    <mapping type="simplified">(protos)</mapping>
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                <glyph xml:id="kai">
                    <mapping type="standard">ϗ</mapping>
                    <mapping type="simplified">(kai)</mapping>
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                <glyph xml:id="ho_hagios">
                    <mapping type="standard"></mapping>
                    <mapping type="simplified">(ho_hagios)</mapping>
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                <language ident="Grek">Greek script</language>
                <language ident="Latn">Latin script</language>
                <language ident="grc">Ancient Greek language (to 1453; assumed to be in its standard script: Grek)</language>
                <language ident="la">Latin language (assumed to be in its standard script: Latn)</language>
                <language ident="grc-Latn">Ancient Greek Language (to 1453), rendered in Latin script</language>
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            <change when="2023-06-23" who="#AS"/>
            <change when="2024-04-09" who="#SM">Filled in metadata in new template</change>
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                  <desc>Obverse</desc>
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                      <desc>Digital image of the obverse (2019).</desc>
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                   <div type="textpart" subtype="label" n="obv" rend="columns" xml:lang="grc">
                      <ab>
                          <cb n="a"/><expan><ex>Ὁ ἅγιος</ex></expan> <expan><abbr>Θεό
                          <cb n="b"/>δωρο</abbr><ex>ς</ex></expan>

                      </ab>
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                  <div type="textpart" n="rev" subtype="face" rend="linear" xml:lang="grc">
                      <ab>
                        <lb n="1"/>+ <expan><abbr>Κ</abbr><ex>ύρι</ex><abbr>ε</abbr></expan> <supplied reason="lost"><expan><abbr>β</abbr><ex>οή</ex><abbr>θ</abbr><ex>ει</ex></expan></supplied>
                          <lb n="2"/>τῷ σῷ <expan><abbr>δοῦ</abbr><ex>λῳ</ex></expan> 
                          <lb n="3"/>Νικήτᾳ 
                          <lb n="4"/><expan><abbr>σπαθαρ</abbr><ex>ίῳ</ex></expan> <expan><abbr><am><g ref="#kai"/></am></abbr><ex>καὶ</ex></expan> 
                          <lb n="5"/><expan><abbr><am><g ref="#alpha"/></am></abbr><ex>πρωτο</ex><abbr>κεντά
                          <lb n="6" break="no"/>ρχ</abbr><ex>ῃ</ex></expan>
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              <div type="edition" subtype="diplomatic" xml:space="preserve">
                  <div type="textpart" subtype="label" n="obv" rend="columns" xml:lang="grc">
                      <ab>
                          <cb n="a"/>|ΘΕ|Ο
                          <cb n="b"/>|Ρ|Ο/ <!-- Δ not found in Athena ruby palett -->
                      </ab>
                  </div>
                  <div type="textpart" subtype="face" n="rev" rend="linear" xml:lang="grc">
                      <ab> 
                          <lb n="1"/>ΚΕ.. 
                          <lb n="2"/>ΤΣ    <!-- Δ not found in Athena ruby palett -->
                          <lb n="3"/>ΝΙΚ·ΗΤΑ  
                          <lb n="4"/>ΣΠΑΘΑΡ/ϗ 
                          <lb n="5"/>ΑΚΕΝΤΑ  
                          <lb n="6"/>ΡΧ/ 
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                      <app xml:lang=""/>
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              <div type="translation">
                  <p>Ὁ ἃγιος Θεόδωρος / + Κύριε βοήθει τῷ σῷ δούλῳ Νικήτᾳ σπαθαρίῳ καὶ πρωτοκεντάρχῃ.</p>
                  <p xml:lang="en">Saint Theodore. Lord help your servant Niketas, spatharios and protokentarchos.</p>
                  <p xml:lang="fr">Saint Théodore. Seigneur aide ton serviteur Nicétas, spathaire et protocentarque.</p>
              </div>
              <div type="commentary" subtype="text">
                  <p xml:lang="fr">
                      Les protocentarques, officiers de second rang, littéralement « premier
                      des centurions », étaient plusieurs pour les grands thèmes, assurant la garde du stratège et sans doute des
                      forteresses les plus importantes. Ils escortaient aussi les juges de thèmes. Ils avaient probablement peu de
                      documents à sceller, ce qui explique le faible nombre de sceaux conservés. La <hi rend="italic">PBW</hi> en compte seulement
                      quatre.
                  </p>
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                  <p xml:lang=""/> 
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                      <bibl>
                          <ptr target="CheynetTatış"/>, <citedRange unit="page">87-88</citedRange>
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                          <ptr target="xxx"/>, <citedRange unit="page"/>
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