<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><!-- last changed before 1.0 version release 2021-08-02 --><!-- last changed before 1.1 release: 2023-03-12 / 2023-04-17 --><!-- ongoing changes to 2.0: march 2024 --><?xml-model href="https://sigidoc.github.io/Schema/schema/latest/sigidoc.rng" type="application/xml" schematypens="http://relaxng.org/ns/structure/1.0"?><?xml-model href="https://sigidoc.github.io/Schema/schema/latest/sigidoc.rng" type="application/xml" schematypens="http://purl.oclc.org/dsdl/schematron"?><TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
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                <title xml:lang="fr">Sceau d'André, cubiculaire</title>
                <title xml:lang="en">Seal of Andreas, koubikoularios</title>
                <editor role="seal-editor" xml:id="JCC">Jean-Claude Cheynet</editor>
                <funder>
                    <orgName corresp="https://anr.fr/">Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR)</orgName>, France / <orgName corresp="https://www.dfg.de/">Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG)</orgName>, Deutschland
                </funder>
                <principal>Alessio Sopracasa</principal>
            </titleStmt>
            <editionStmt>
                <edition>
                    <seg xml:lang="fr">Amélioration digitale</seg>
                    <seg xml:lang="en">Digital enhancement</seg>
                </edition>
                <editor role="digital-editor" xml:id="NB" when="2024-05-15">Numa Buchs</editor>
            </editionStmt>
            <publicationStmt>
                <authority>ANR/DFG DigiByzSeal - Unlocking the Hidden Value of Seals: New
                    Methodologies for Historical Research in Byzantine Studies</authority>
                <idno type="filename">Tatish_4.1b</idno>
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                <idno type="sequence"/>
                <date when="2024-03-03"/>
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                    <licence target="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/">Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International - CC BY-NC-SA
                        4.0</licence>
                </availability>
            </publicationStmt>
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                <listPerson type="issuer">
                    <person gender="E" role="civil">
                        <persName xml:lang="grc">
                            <forename>Ἀνδρέας</forename>
                        </persName>
                        <persName xml:lang="fr">
                            <forename>André</forename>
                        </persName>
                        <persName xml:lang="en">
                            <forename>Andreas</forename>
                        </persName>
                        <idno type="PBE" ana="http://www.pbe.kcl.ac.uk/person/p324">PBE Andreas 1</idno> 
                    </person>
                </listPerson>
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                        <country>
                            <seg xml:lang="fr">Turquie</seg>
                            <seg xml:lang="en">Turkey</seg>
                        </country>
                        <settlement>
                            <seg xml:lang="fr">Izmir</seg>
                            <seg xml:lang="en">Izmir</seg>
                        </settlement>
                        <institution/> 
                        <repository/> 
                        <collection type="private" xml:lang="en" ref="URI"><rs type="collection-name" xml:lang="en">
                            <persName role="issuer" ref="https://viaf.org/viaf/48683064/">Yavuz Tatış</persName> collection
                        </rs></collection>
                         
                        <idno type="inv-nr-current">2670</idno>
                        <altIdentifier>
                            <repository/>
                             
                             
                            <idno type="inv-nr-former"/>
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                        <summary n="whole">
                            <seg xml:lang="en">Central administration</seg>
                            <seg xml:lang="fr">Administration centrale</seg>
                        </summary>
                    </msContents>
                    <physDesc>
                        <objectDesc>
                            <supportDesc>
                                <support>
                                    <objectType>
                                        <term>
                                            <seg xml:lang="fr">Sceau</seg>
                                            <seg xml:lang="en">Seal</seg>
                                        </term>
                                        <interp type="workType" xml:lang="fr">Empreinte originale</interp>
                                        <interp type="workType" xml:lang="en">Original impression</interp>
                                    </objectType>
                                    <material>
                                        <seg xml:lang="fr">Plomb</seg>
                                        <seg xml:lang="en">Lead</seg>
                                    </material>
                                    <dimensions type="support" unit="mm">
                                        <dim type="diameter">20</dim>
                                    </dimensions>
                                    <measure type="weight" unit="g">12,64</measure>
                                    <measure type="axis" unit="clock"/>
                                    <measure type="overstrikeOrient" unit="clock"/>
                                    <measure type="channelOrient" unit="clock">12-6</measure>
                                    <measure type="countermark" unit="clock"/>
                                </support>
                                <condition rend="not-centered"> 
                                    <p xml:lang="fr">A peine échancré aux orifices du canal ; flan trop petit ; usé sur les deux faces ; décentré vers la
                                        gauche au revers.</p>
                                    <p xml:lang="en">Barely indented at the channel openings; blank too small; worn on both sides; off-centre to the left on the reverse side.</p>
                                </condition>
                            </supportDesc>
                            <layoutDesc>
                                <layout n="whole">
                                    <rs type="execution">
                                        <seg xml:lang="fr">Frappé</seg>
                                    </rs>
                                    <rs type="shape">
                                        <seg xml:lang="fr">Ronde</seg>
                                    </rs>
                                    <rs type="matrix" subtype="not-surviving">
                                        <idno type="SigiDoc"/>
                                        <idno type="PBW"/>
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                                </layout>
                            </layoutDesc>
                        </objectDesc>
                    </physDesc>
                    <history>
                        <origin>
                            <origPlace>
                                <seg xml:lang="fr">
                                    <placeName/>
                                </seg>
                            </origPlace>
                            <origDate type="analysis" notBefore="0641" notAfter="0660" evidence="epigraphy onomastics titulature" cert="high" resp="#JCC">
                                <seg xml:lang="fr">VIIe siècle (milieu)</seg>
                                <seg xml:lang="en">7th C. (middle)</seg>
                            </origDate>    
                            
                        </origin>
                        <provenance type="found" subtype="discovered"> 
                            <placeName type="ancientFindspot" ref="https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/550812" xml:lang="fr">Pergame</placeName>
                            <placeName type="ancientFindspot" ref="https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/550812" xml:lang="en">Pergamon</placeName>
                            <placeName type="modernFindspot" ref="https://www.geonames.org/321426/bergama.html" xml:lang="fr">Bergama</placeName>
                            <placeName type="modernFindspot" ref="https://www.geonames.org/321426/bergama.html" xml:lang="en">Bergama</placeName>
                            <rs type="circumstances" xml:lang=""/>
                        </provenance>
                        <provenance type="observed" subtype="seen">
                            <p xml:lang=""/>
                        </provenance>
                        <provenance type="not-observed" subtype="lost">
                            <p xml:lang=""/>
                        </provenance>
                        <provenance type="transferred" subtype="moved">
                            <p xml:lang=""/>
                        </provenance>
                        <acquisition>
                            <p xml:lang=""/>
                        </acquisition>
                    </history>
                    <msPart n="r">
                        <msIdentifier/>
                        <msContents>
                            <summary n="r">
                                <seg xml:lang="en">Obverse</seg>
                            </summary>
                            <textLang n="r" mainLang="" otherLangs="">
                                <seg xml:lang=""/>
                            </textLang>
                        </msContents>
                        <physDesc>
                            <objectDesc>
                                <layoutDesc>
                                    <layout n="r">
                                        <dimensions type="written" unit="mm">
                                            <dim type="diameter">20</dim>
                                        </dimensions>
                                        <p xml:lang="fr">Iconographie</p>
                                        <p xml:lang="en">Iconography</p> 
                                    </layout>
                                </layoutDesc>
                            </objectDesc>
                            <handDesc>
                                <handNote n="r">
                                    <seg xml:lang="en"/>
                                </handNote>
                            </handDesc>
                            <decoDesc>
                                <decoNote>
                                    <figure>
                                        <figDesc n="r" xml:lang="fr">Cavalier monté, galopant à droite, manteau flottant au vent ; tête
                                            présentée de profil, coiffée d’un haut bonnet fermé, sorte de tiare ; l’effigie brandit un rouleau en main gauche.</figDesc>
                                        <figDesc n="r" xml:lang="en">Mounted horseman galloping to the right, 
                                            cloak billowing in the wind; head shown in profile, wearing a high closed cap, a sort of tiara; 
                                            the effigy brandishes a scroll in his left hand.</figDesc>
                                        <figDesc n="decoR" xml:lang="fr">Bordure de perles</figDesc>
                                        <figDesc n="decoR" xml:lang="en">Border of pearls</figDesc>
                                    </figure>
                                </decoNote>
                            </decoDesc>
                        </physDesc>
                    </msPart>
                    <msPart n="v">
                        <msIdentifier/>
                        <msContents>
                            <summary n="v">
                                <seg xml:lang="en">Reverse</seg>
                            </summary>
                            <textLang n="v" mainLang="">
                                <seg xml:lang=""/>
                            </textLang>
                        </msContents>
                        <physDesc>
                            <objectDesc>
                                <layoutDesc>
                                    <layout n="v">
                                        <dimensions type="written" unit="mm">
                                            <dim type="diameter">20</dim>
                                        </dimensions>
                                        <p xml:lang="fr">Monogramme cruciforme</p>
                                        <p xml:lang="en">Cruciform monogram</p> 
                                    </layout>
                                </layoutDesc>
                            </objectDesc>
                            <handDesc>
                                <handNote n="v">
                                    <seg xml:lang=""/>
                                </handNote>
                            </handDesc>
                            <decoDesc>
                                <decoNote>
                                    <figure>
                                        <figDesc n="v" xml:lang="fr">Monogramme cruciforme comportant au sommet RW, à gauche e, à droite N et à la base, D
                                            contenant A. Dans les cantons, inscriptions en caractères latins.</figDesc>
                                        <figDesc n="v" xml:lang="en">Cruciform monogram with RW at the top, e on the left, N on the right and D at the base. containing A. 
                                            The inscriptions in the cantons are in Latin characters.</figDesc>
                                        <figDesc n="decoV" xml:lang=""/>
                                    </figure>
                                </decoNote>
                            </decoDesc>
                        </physDesc>
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        </fileDesc>
        <encodingDesc>
            <editorialDecl><p/></editorialDecl>
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                <glyph xml:id="cross">
                    <mapping type="standard">+</mapping>
                    <mapping type="simplified">(cross)</mapping>
                </glyph>
           </charDecl> 
        </encodingDesc>
        <profileDesc>
            <langUsage>
                <language ident="Grek">Greek script</language>
                <language ident="Latn">Latin script</language>
                <language ident="grc">Ancient Greek language (to 1453; assumed to be in its standard script: Grek)</language>
                <language ident="la">Latin language (assumed to be in its standard script: Latn)</language>
                <language ident="grc-Latn">Ancient Greek Language (to 1453), rendered in Latin script</language>
                <language ident="la-Grek">Latin written in Greek script</language>
            </langUsage>
        </profileDesc>
        <revisionDesc>
            <change when="2023-06-23" who="#AS"/>
            <change when="2024-05-15" who="#NB">Filled in metadata in new template</change>
        </revisionDesc>
      </teiHeader>
      <facsimile>
          <surfaceGrp>
              <surface n="r">
                  <desc>Obverse</desc>
                  <graphic url="https://www.abcde.com" type="digital">
                      <desc>Digital image of the obverse (2019).</desc>
                  </graphic>
              </surface>
              <surface n="v">
                  <desc>Reverse</desc>
                  <graphic url="https://www.abcde.com" type="digital">
                      <desc>Digital image of the reverse (2019).</desc>
                  </graphic>
              </surface>
          </surfaceGrp>
      </facsimile>
      <text>
          <body>
              <div type="edition" subtype="editorial" xml:space="preserve">
                <!--  <div type="textpart" subtype="label" n="obv" rend="columns" xml:lang="grc">
                      <ab>
                      </ab>
                  </div>-->
                      
                   <!-- il faut voir les // pour savoir si la légende se termine par une abréviation r(iu)???? -->
                    <div type="textpart" subtype="face" n="rev" rend="monogram-cross" xml:lang="grc-Latn"><!-- xml:lang="grc-Latn" pas approprié ici; il faut trouver une meilleure solution -->
                      <ab>
                           <lb n="1"/><expan><ex>Ἀνδρέου</ex></expan> <supplied reason="lost" evidence="parallel">c</supplied>ub<supplied reason="lost" evidence="parallel">ic</supplied>u<supplied reason="lost">l</supplied>ar<supplied reason="lost">iu</supplied>
                               </ab>
                          </div>

              </div>
              <div type="edition" subtype="diplomatic" xml:space="preserve">
                 <!--<div type="textpart" subtype="face" n="obv" rend="monogram-cross" xml:lang="grc">
                       <ab>
                      
                          
                       </ab>
                   </div>   -->
                 
                  <div type="textpart" subtype="face" n="rev" rend="linear" xml:lang="grc">
                     <ab>
                           <lb n="0"/>.–.–Ρ–Ν–. .–. |.–|. 
                         
                     </ab>
                  </div>
              </div>
              <div type="apparatus">
                  <listApp>
                      <app xml:lang=""/>
                  </listApp>
              </div>
              <div type="translation">
                  <p>Ἀνδρέου cubiculariu.</p>
                  <p xml:lang="en">Andreas, koubikoularios.</p>
                  <p xml:lang="fr">André, cubiculaire.</p>
              </div>
              <div type="commentary" subtype="text">
                  <p xml:lang="fr">Les éditeurs du specimen de
                      l’ancienne coll. Hecht expliquent en détail comment interpréter
                      les caractères latins de la légende, d’un emploi relativement
                      tardif, combiné avec un monogramme en lettres grecques.
                      André est un eunuque bien connu au service des empereurs
                      Constant II et Constantin IV. Il fut notamment ambassadeur de
                      ce dernier, en 667/668, lors d’un des premiers contacts offi ciels
                      avec les Omeyyades. L’année suivante, il conduisit une
                      armée byzantine qui reprit Amorion aux Arabes et massacra
                      la garnison qu’ils y avaient laissée [1]. Le sceau d’André
                      constitue l’un des rares exemples, en dehors des empereurs, où
                      le sigillant est représenté sur sa bulle. Il est probable qu’André
                      tenait un rouleau contenant des instructions impériales. Sur
                      cette bulle si personnelle, l’usage des deux langues pourrait
                      aussi signifi er qu’André était apte à en user, ce qui n’était
                      probablement pas le cas du graveur. André a laissé un nombre
                      exceptionnel de bulles pour cette époque, si l’on excepte les
                      sceaux impériaux.</p>
              </div>
              <div type="commentary" subtype="footnotes">
                  <p xml:lang="fr" xml:id="footnote-1">
                      [1] PmbZ, no 353.
                  </p> 
                 
              </div>
              <div type="bibliography" subtype="edition">
                  <p>
                      <bibl>
                          <ptr target="CheynetTatış"/>, <citedRange unit="page">176-177</citedRange>
                      </bibl>
                  </p>
              </div>
              <div type="bibliography" subtype="parallels"> 
                      <bibl>
                          <ptr target="xxx"/>, <citedRange unit="page"/>
                        <!--  (α) Zacos – Veglery, no 1375 ; (β) Seibt – Zarnitz, Bleisiegel, no 4.3.11 ; (γ) E. V. Stépanova, Pečati s latinskimi i greckolatinskimi
                          nadpisiami VI-VIII vv. na sobranija Ermitaža, Saint-Pétersbourg 2006, nos 143 a, b, c ; (δ) M. Braulin – J. Nesbitt,
                          Selections from a Private Collection of Byzantine Bullae, Byz. 68, 1998/1, no 6, fig. 9 ; (ε) Nesbitt – Wassiliou-Seibt – Seibt, Hecht
                          Collection, p. 37, no 6, avec une étude complète des différents plombs et des interprétations à propos de l’iconographie du droit.-->
                      </bibl>
              </div>
          </body>
      </text>
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