<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><!-- last changed before 1.0 version release 2021-08-02 --><!-- last changed before 1.1 release: 2023-03-12 / 2023-04-17 --><!-- ongoing changes to 2.0: march 2024 --><?xml-model href="https://sigidoc.github.io/Schema/schema/latest/sigidoc.rng" type="application/xml" schematypens="http://relaxng.org/ns/structure/1.0"?><?xml-model href="https://sigidoc.github.io/Schema/schema/latest/sigidoc.rng" type="application/xml" schematypens="http://purl.oclc.org/dsdl/schematron"?><TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
    <teiHeader>
        <fileDesc>
            <titleStmt>
                <title xml:lang="fr">Sceau de Grégoire, spathaire impérial (?), protonotaire des Manganes et anagrapheus des Cibyrrhéotes</title>
                <title xml:lang="en">Seal of Gregory, imperial spatharios (?), protonotarios of the Mangana and anagrapheus of the Cibyrrhaeots</title>
                <editor role="seal-editor" xml:id="JCC">Jean-Claude Cheynet</editor>
                <funder>
                    <orgName corresp="https://anr.fr/">Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR)</orgName>, France / <orgName corresp="https://www.dfg.de/">Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG)</orgName>, Deutschland
                </funder>
                <principal>Alessio Sopracasa</principal>
            </titleStmt>
            <editionStmt>
                <edition>
                    <seg xml:lang="fr">Amélioration digitale</seg>
                    <seg xml:lang="en">Digital enhancement</seg>
                </edition>
                <editor role="digital-editor" xml:id="SM" when="2024-04-15">Sima Meziridou</editor>
            </editionStmt>
            <publicationStmt>
                <authority>ANR/DFG DigiByzSeal - Unlocking the Hidden Value of Seals: New
                    Methodologies for Historical Research in Byzantine Studies</authority>
                <idno type="filename">Tatish_3.20</idno>
                <idno type="SigiDocID"/>
                <idno type="sequence"/>
                <date when="2024-03-03"/>
                <availability>
                    <licence target="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/">Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International - CC BY-NC-SA
                        4.0</licence>
                </availability>
            </publicationStmt>
            <sourceDesc>
                <listPerson type="issuer">
                    <person gender="M" role="civil">
                        <persName xml:lang="grc">
                            <forename>Γρηγόριος</forename>
                        </persName>
                        <persName xml:lang="fr">
                            <forename>Grégoire</forename>
                        </persName>
                        <persName xml:lang="en">
                            <forename>Gregorios</forename>
                        </persName>
                        <idno type="PBW" ana="https://pbw2016.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/person/153060/">Gregorios 20169</idno>
                        <idno type="PmbZ" ana="https://www.degruyter.com/database/PMBZ/entry/PMBZ24612/html">Gregorios 22459</idno>
                    </person>                     
                </listPerson>
                <msDesc>
                    <msIdentifier>
                        <country>
                            <seg xml:lang="fr">Turquie</seg>
                            <seg xml:lang="en">Turkey</seg>
                        </country>
                        <settlement>
                            <seg xml:lang="fr">Izmir</seg>
                            <seg xml:lang="en">Izmir</seg>
                        </settlement>
                        <institution/> 
                        <repository/> 
                        <collection type="private" xml:lang="en" ref="URI"><rs type="collection-name" xml:lang="en">
                            <persName role="issuer" ref="https://viaf.org/viaf/48683064/">Yavuz Tatış</persName> collection
                        </rs></collection>
                         
                        <idno type="inv-nr-current">2559</idno>
                        <altIdentifier>
                            <repository/>
                             
                             
                            <idno type="inv-nr-former"/>
                        </altIdentifier>
                    </msIdentifier>
                    <msContents>
                        <summary n="whole">
                            <seg xml:lang="en">Provincial administration</seg>
                            <seg xml:lang="fr">Administration provinciale</seg>
                        </summary>
                    </msContents>
                    <physDesc>
                        <objectDesc>
                            <supportDesc>
                                <support>
                                    <objectType>
                                        <term>
                                            <seg xml:lang="fr">Sceau</seg>
                                            <seg xml:lang="en">Seal</seg>
                                        </term>
                                        <interp type="workType" xml:lang="fr">Empreinte originale</interp>
                                        <interp type="workType" xml:lang="en">Original impression</interp>
                                    </objectType>
                                    <material>
                                        <seg xml:lang="fr">Plomb</seg>
                                        <seg xml:lang="en">Lead</seg>
                                    </material>
                                    <dimensions type="support" unit="mm">
                                        <dim type="diameter">23</dim>
                                    </dimensions>
                                    <measure type="weight" unit="g">7,20</measure>
                                    <measure type="axis" unit="clock"/>
                                    <measure type="overstrikeOrient" unit="clock"/>
                                    <measure type="channelOrient" unit="clock">12-6</measure>
                                    <measure type="countermark" unit="clock"/>
                                </support>
                                <condition rend="broken"> 
                                    <p xml:lang="fr">Nettes échancrures aux orifices du canal ; flan rogné et partiellement cassé ; belle gravure à l’origine.</p>
                                    <p xml:lang="en">Clear indentations at the channel orifices; blank trimmed and partially broken; fine original engraving.</p>
                                </condition>
                            </supportDesc>
                            <layoutDesc>
                                <layout n="whole">
                                    <rs type="execution">
                                        <seg xml:lang="fr">Frappé</seg>
                                    </rs>
                                    <rs type="shape">
                                        <seg xml:lang="fr">Ronde</seg>
                                    </rs>
                                    <rs type="matrix" subtype="not-surviving">
                                        <idno type="SigiDoc"/>
                                        <idno type="PBW"/>
                                    </rs>                                     
                                </layout>
                            </layoutDesc>
                        </objectDesc>
                    </physDesc>
                    <history>
                        <origin>
                            <origPlace>
                                <seg xml:lang="fr">
                                    <placeName/>
                                </seg>
                            </origPlace>
                            <origDate type="analysis" notBefore="1026" notAfter="1050" evidence="epigraphy" cert="high" resp="#JCC">
                                <seg xml:lang="fr">XIe siècle (second quart)</seg>
                                <seg xml:lang="en">11th C. second quarter</seg>
                            </origDate>       
                        </origin>
                        <provenance type="found" subtype="discovered"> 
                            <placeName type="ancientFindspot" ref="URI" xml:lang=""/> 
                            <placeName type="modernFindspot" ref="URI" xml:lang=""/>
                            <rs type="circumstances" xml:lang=""/>
                        </provenance>
                        <provenance type="observed" subtype="seen">
                            <p xml:lang=""/>
                        </provenance>
                        <provenance type="not-observed" subtype="lost">
                            <p xml:lang=""/>
                        </provenance>
                        <provenance type="transferred" subtype="moved">
                            <p xml:lang=""/>
                        </provenance>
                        <acquisition>
                            <p xml:lang=""/>
                        </acquisition>
                    </history>
                    <msPart n="r">
                        <msIdentifier/>
                        <msContents>
                            <summary n="r">
                                <seg xml:lang="en">Obverse</seg>
                            </summary>
                            <textLang n="r" mainLang="grc" otherLangs="">
                                <seg xml:lang="fr">Grec byzantin</seg>
                                <seg xml:lang="en">Byzantine Greek</seg>
                            </textLang>
                        </msContents>
                        <physDesc>
                            <objectDesc>
                                <layoutDesc>
                                    <layout n="r">
                                        <dimensions type="written" unit="mm">
                                            <dim type="diameter">23</dim>
                                        </dimensions>
                                        <p xml:lang="fr">Iconographie avec légende circulaire et en colonnes</p>
                                        <p xml:lang="en">Iconography with circular legend and legend in columns</p>                     
                                    </layout>
                                </layoutDesc>
                            </objectDesc>
                            <handDesc>
                                <handNote n="r">
                                    <seg xml:lang="en"/>
                                </handNote>
                            </handDesc>
                            <decoDesc>
                                <decoNote>
                                    <figure>
                                        <figDesc n="r" xml:lang="fr">Buste de saint Jean Prodrome, de face,
                                            doté d’une longue barbe et d’une abondante chevelure aux mèches soignées, la
                                            main droite ramenée sur la poitrine dans le geste de l’allocution</figDesc>
                                        <figDesc n="r" xml:lang="en">Bust of Saint John Prodrome with a long beard and hair with neat locks,
                                            his right hand brought to his chest in the gesture of an allocution</figDesc>
                                        <figDesc n="decoR" xml:lang="fr">Bordure de grènetis</figDesc>
                                        <figDesc n="decoR" xml:lang="en">Border of dots</figDesc>
                                    </figure>
                                </decoNote>
                            </decoDesc>
                        </physDesc>
                    </msPart>
                    <msPart n="v">
                        <msIdentifier/>
                        <msContents>
                            <summary n="v">
                                <seg xml:lang="en">Reverse</seg>
                            </summary>
                            <textLang n="v" mainLang="grc">
                                <seg xml:lang="fr">Grec byzantin</seg>
                                <seg xml:lang="en">Byzantine Greek</seg>
                            </textLang>
                        </msContents>
                        <physDesc>
                            <objectDesc>
                                <layoutDesc>
                                    <layout n="v">
                                        <dimensions type="written" unit="mm">
                                            <dim type="diameter">23</dim>
                                        </dimensions>
                                        <p xml:lang="fr">Légende linéaire sur 5 lignes</p>
                                        <p xml:lang="en">Linear legend of 5 lines</p> 
                                    </layout>
                                </layoutDesc>
                            </objectDesc>
                            <handDesc>
                                <handNote n="v">
                                    <seg xml:lang=""/>
                                </handNote>
                            </handDesc>
                            <decoDesc>
                                <decoNote>
                                    <figure>
                                        <figDesc n="v" xml:lang=""/>
                                        <figDesc n="decoV" xml:lang="fr">Bordure de grènetis</figDesc>
                                        <figDesc n="decoV" xml:lang="en">Border of dots</figDesc>
                                    </figure>
                                </decoNote>
                            </decoDesc>
                        </physDesc>
                    </msPart>
                </msDesc>
            </sourceDesc>
        </fileDesc>
        <encodingDesc>
            <editorialDecl><p/></editorialDecl>
            <charDecl>     
                <glyph xml:id="kai">
                    <mapping type="standard">ϗ</mapping>
                    <mapping type="simplified">(kai)</mapping>
                </glyph>
                <glyph xml:id="cross">
                    <mapping type="standard">+</mapping>
                    <mapping type="simplified">(cross)</mapping>
                </glyph>
                <glyph xml:id="ho_hagios">
                    <mapping type="standard"></mapping>
                    <mapping type="simplified">(ho_hagios)</mapping>
                </glyph>
                <glyph xml:id="alpha">
                    <mapping type="standard">A</mapping>
                    <mapping type="simplified">(protos)</mapping>
                </glyph>
           </charDecl> 
        </encodingDesc>
        <profileDesc>
            <langUsage>
                <language ident="Grek">Greek script</language>
                <language ident="Latn">Latin script</language>
                <language ident="grc">Ancient Greek language (to 1453; assumed to be in its standard script: Grek)</language>
                <language ident="la">Latin language (assumed to be in its standard script: Latn)</language>
                <language ident="grc-Latn">Ancient Greek Language (to 1453), rendered in Latin script</language>
                <language ident="la-Grek">Latin written in Greek script</language>
            </langUsage>
        </profileDesc>
        <revisionDesc>
            <change when="2023-06-23" who="#AS"/>
            <change when="2024-04-15" who="#SM">Filled in metadata in new template</change>
        </revisionDesc>
      </teiHeader>
      <facsimile>
          <surfaceGrp>
              <surface n="r">
                  <desc>Obverse</desc>
                  <graphic url="https://www.abcde.com" type="digital">
                      <desc>Digital image of the obverse (2019).</desc>
                  </graphic>
              </surface>
              <surface n="v">
                  <desc>Reverse</desc>
                  <graphic url="https://www.abcde.com" type="digital">
                      <desc>Digital image of the reverse (2019).</desc>
                  </graphic>
              </surface>
          </surfaceGrp>
      </facsimile>
      <text>
          <body>
              <div type="edition" subtype="editorial" xml:space="preserve">
                   <div type="textpart" subtype="label" n="obv" rend="columns" xml:lang="grc">
                       <ab>
                            <cb n="a"/><expan><ex>Ὁ ἅγιος</ex></expan> <expan><abbr>Ἰω</abbr><ex>άννης</ex></expan> ὁ
                           <cb n="b"/><expan><abbr>Πρ</abbr><ex>ό</ex><supplied reason="lost"><abbr>δρομος</abbr></supplied></expan>
                      </ab>
                   </div>          
                  <div type="textpart" subtype="face" n="obv" rend="circular" xml:lang="grc">
                      <ab>
                          <lb n="1"/>+ <expan><abbr>Κ</abbr><ex>ύρι</ex><abbr>ε</abbr></expan> <expan><abbr>β</abbr><ex>οή</ex><abbr>θ</abbr><ex>ει</ex></expan> <supplied reason="lost">τῷ</supplied> <supplied reason="lost">σῷ</supplied> <supplied reason="lost">δούλῳ</supplied>                      </ab>
                  </div>
                  <div type="textpart" n="rev" subtype="face" rend="linear" xml:lang="grc">
                      <ab>
                           <lb n="2"/><supplied reason="lost">+</supplied> <expan><supplied reason="lost"><abbr>Γ</abbr></supplied><abbr>ριγορ</abbr><ex>ίῳ</ex></expan>
                           <lb n="3"/><supplied reason="lost"><expan><abbr>β</abbr><ex>ασιλικῷ</ex></expan></supplied> <expan><abbr>σπαθ</abbr><ex>αρίῳ</ex></expan> <expan><abbr><am><g ref="#alpha"/></am></abbr><ex>πρωτο</ex><abbr>ν</abbr><ex>οταρίῳ</ex></expan>
                           <lb n="4"/><supplied reason="lost">τῶ</supplied>ν <expan><abbr>Μ</abbr><ex>α</ex><abbr>γγά</abbr><ex>νων</ex></expan> <expan><abbr><am><g ref="#kai"/></am></abbr><ex>καὶ</ex></expan>
                           <lb n="5"/><expan><supplied reason="lost"><abbr>ἀν</abbr><ex>α</ex></supplied><abbr>γρ</abbr><ex>αφεῖ</ex></expan> τῶν 
                           <lb n="6"/><expan><supplied reason="lost"><abbr>Κι</abbr></supplied><abbr>βυρ</abbr><ex>ραιω</ex><abbr>τ</abbr><ex>ῶν</ex></expan>
                      </ab>
                  </div>
              </div>
              <div type="edition" subtype="diplomatic" xml:space="preserve">
                <div type="textpart" subtype="label" n="obv" rend="columns" xml:lang="grc">
             <ab>
                 <cb n="a"/>|Ι̅̅|Ο
                 <cb n="b"/>
             </ab>
                </div>
                  <div type="textpart" subtype="face" n="obv" rend="circular" xml:lang="grc">
                      <ab>
                           <lb n="1"/>ΚΕΒΘ/..
                      </ab>
                  </div>
                  <div type="textpart" subtype="face" n="rev" rend="linear" xml:lang="grc">
                      <ab>  
                          <lb n="2"/>.ΡΙΓΟΡ/
                          <lb n="3"/>.ΣΠΘ/ΑΝ/
                          <lb n="4"/>..Γ/Αϗ
                          <lb n="5"/>..ΓΡΤΝ
                          <lb n="6"/>..ΥΡΤ
                      </ab>
                  </div>
              </div>
              <div type="apparatus">
                  <listApp>
                      <app xml:lang=""/>
                  </listApp>
              </div>
              <div type="translation">
                  <p>Ὁ ἅγιος Ἰωάννης ὁ Πρόδρομος. Κύριε βοήθει τῷ σῷ δούλῳ / + Γριγορίῳ βασιλικῷ σπαθαρίῳ πρωτονοταρίῳ τῶν Μαγγάνων
                      καὶ ἀναγραφεῖ τῶν Κιβυρραιωτῶν.</p>
                  <p xml:lang="en">Saint John Prodromos. Lord help your servant Gregory, imperial spatharios, protonotarios of the Mangana and anagrapheus of the Cibyrrhaeots.</p>
                  <p xml:lang="fr">Saint Jean Prodrome. Seigneur aide ton serviteur Grégoire, spathaire impérial, protonotaire des Manganes et <hi rend="italic">anagrapheus</hi> des Cibyrrhéotes.</p>
              </div>
              <div type="commentary" subtype="text">
                  <p xml:lang="fr">Les abréviations de la légende sont rudes et
                      inhabituelles comme le ΜΓΓΑ pour Μ(α)γγά(νων). Cependant l’interprétation
                      de ces abréviations est confortée par l’existence d’un sceau qu’on peut très
                      probablement attribuer au même personnage (IFEB 742) [1]. La légende
                      comprend les deux mêmes fonctions qui, pourtant, sont rarement associées, et la même iconographie : ....ΡΙΓΟΡ/|.ΠΑΘ/ΑΝ..|ΜΑΓΓΑ |SΑΝΑΓΡ |T/ΚVR|..Ω. Pour notre sceau, on peut hésiter
                      entre deux restitutions pour la dignité, soit spathaire impérial, soit protospathaire. Le plomb de l’IFEB ne permet
                      pas non plus de trancher.
                      Grégoire est sans doute le signataire de trois autres sceaux, également au buste de saint Jean Prodrome,
                      où il ne mentionne que sa charge de protonotaire des Manganes. Sur un plomb conservé à Istanbul, il est
                      spatharocandidat [2] ; sur deux autres bulles des collections de Dumbarton Oaks, dans un cas, il ne mentionne
                      pas de dignité et dans l’autre il serait protospathaire [3]. On pourrait donc reconstituer ainsi son cursus honorum :
                      – spatharocandidat et protonotaire des Manganes,
                      – spatharocandidat, protonotaire des Manganes et anagrapheus des Cibyrrhéotes,
                      – protospathaire, protonotaire des Manganes et anagrapheus des Cibyrrhéotes,
                      – protospathaire et protonotaire des Manganes.
                      Une telle carrière implique que Grégoire ait occupé longtemps la charge de protonotaire des Manganes
                      et qu’il ait été promu de spatharocandidat à protospathaire pendant qu’il cumulait cette charge avec celle
                      d’anagrapheus des Cibyrrhéotes. Les éditeurs des sceaux précédemment cités les ont datés des Χe/ΧΙe siècles.
                      Cependant, les lettres de notre bulle sont un peu plus tardives et la remarquable effigie du droit rappelle celle
                      d’un saint gravé à l’avers d’un plomb qu’on peut dater du règne de Monomaque, celui d’Adrien Dalassènos,
                      stratège de l’Opsikion [4]. Supposer l’existence, à un intervalle de quelques décennies au plus, de deux
                      fonctionnaires homonymes, exerçant les mêmes fonctions, et choisissant tous deux un motif iconographique
                      peu approprié pour un membre de l’administration des Manganes, paraît peu probable.</p>
              </div>
              <div type="commentary" subtype="footnotes">
                  <p xml:lang="fr" xml:id="footnote-1">
                      [1]. Mentionné dans Cheynet – Bulgurlu – Gökyildirim, <hi rend="italic">Istanbul</hi>, no 2.155, p. 182, n. 114.
                  </p>
                  <p xml:lang="fr" xml:id="footnote-2">
                      [2]. Ist. 726, éd. Cheynet – Bulgurlu – Gökyildirim, <hi rend="italic">Istanbul</hi>, no 2.155.      
                  </p>
                  <p xml:lang="fr" xml:id="footnote-3">
                      [3]. a) DO 58.106.4702, éd. <hi rend="italic">DOSeals</hi> 5.25.13 ; b) DO 51.1.2368, éd. DOSeals 5.25.12.
                  </p>
                  <p xml:lang="fr" xml:id="footnote-4">
                      [4]. Vente aux enchères St Paul Antique, 9 (5 août 2017), no 467. Il ne peut s’agir du général de Basile II, car l’inscription porte un OY en fer à cheval et le règne de Monomaque serait le meilleur choix pour la datation, car les Dalassènoi étaient auparavant pourchassés
                      sous Michel IV.
                  </p>                 
              </div>
              <div type="bibliography" subtype="edition">
                  <p>
                      <bibl>
                          <ptr target="CheynetTatış"/>, <citedRange unit="page">126-127</citedRange>
                      </bibl>
                  </p>
              </div>
              <div type="bibliography" subtype="parallels"> 
                      <bibl>
                          <ptr target="xxx"/>, <citedRange unit="page"/>
                      </bibl>
              </div>
          </body>
      </text>
</TEI>