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                <title xml:lang="fr">Sceau de Paul, hypatos</title>
                <title xml:lang="en">Seal of Paul, hypatos</title>
                <editor role="seal-editor" xml:id="JCC">Jean-Claude Cheynet</editor>
                <funder>
                    <orgName corresp="https://anr.fr/">Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR)</orgName>, France / <orgName corresp="https://www.dfg.de/">Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG)</orgName>, Deutschland
                </funder>
                <principal>Alessio Sopracasa</principal>
            </titleStmt>
            <editionStmt>
                <edition>
                    <seg xml:lang="fr">Amélioration digitale</seg>
                    <seg xml:lang="en">Digital enhancement</seg>
                </edition>
                <editor role="digital-editor" xml:id="SM" when="2024-05-29">Sima Meziridou</editor>
            </editionStmt>
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                <authority>ANR/DFG DigiByzSeal - Unlocking the Hidden Value of Seals: New
                    Methodologies for Historical Research in Byzantine Studies</authority>
                <idno type="filename">Tatish_5.53</idno>
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                <date when="2024-03-03"/>
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                    <person gender="M" role="civil">
                        <persName xml:lang="grc">
                            <forename>Παῦλος</forename>
                        </persName>
                        <persName xml:lang="fr">
                            <forename>Paul</forename>     
                        </persName>
                        <persName xml:lang="en">
                            <forename>Paul</forename>
                        </persName>
                    </person>
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                    <msIdentifier>
                        <country>
                            <seg xml:lang="fr">Turquie</seg>
                            <seg xml:lang="en">Turkey</seg>
                        </country>
                        <settlement>
                            <seg xml:lang="fr">Izmir</seg>
                            <seg xml:lang="en">Izmir</seg>
                        </settlement>
                        <institution/> 
                        <repository/> 
                        <collection type="private" xml:lang="en" ref="URI"><rs type="collection-name" xml:lang="en">
                            <persName role="issuer" ref="https://viaf.org/viaf/48683064/">Yavuz Tatış</persName> collection
                        </rs></collection>
                         
                        <idno type="inv-nr-current">2818</idno>
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                            <idno type="inv-nr-former"/>
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                        <summary n="whole">
                            <seg xml:lang="en">Dignitaries</seg>
                            <seg xml:lang="fr">Dignitaires</seg>
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                                        <term>
                                            <seg xml:lang="fr">Sceau</seg>
                                            <seg xml:lang="en">Seal</seg>
                                        </term>
                                        <interp type="workType" xml:lang="fr">Empreinte originale</interp>
                                        <interp type="workType" xml:lang="en">Original impression</interp>
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                                    <material>
                                        <seg xml:lang="fr">Plomb</seg>
                                        <seg xml:lang="en">Lead</seg>
                                    </material>
                                    <dimensions type="support" unit="mm">
                                        <dim type="diameter">24,5</dim>
                                    </dimensions>
                                    <measure type="weight" unit="g">20,01</measure>
                                    <measure type="axis" unit="clock"/>
                                    <measure type="overstrikeOrient" unit="clock"/>
                                    <measure type="channelOrient" unit="clock">12-6</measure>
                                    <measure type="countermark" unit="clock"/>
                                </support>
                                <condition rend="worn-edge"> 
                                    <p xml:lang="fr">Légèrement échancré aux orifices du canal ; rogné au sommet du flan ; usé et oxydé sur les deux
                                        faces.</p>
                                    <p xml:lang="en">Slightly indented at the channel openings; trimmed at the top of the blank; worn and oxidised on both surfaces.</p>
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                                <layout n="whole">
                                    <rs type="execution">
                                        <seg xml:lang="fr">Frappé</seg>
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                                        <seg xml:lang="fr">Ronde</seg>
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                        <origin>
                            <origPlace>
                                <seg xml:lang="fr">
                                    <placeName/>
                                </seg>
                            </origPlace>
                            <origDate type="analysis" notBefore="0601" notAfter="0800" evidence="epigraphy" cert="high" resp="#JCC">
                                <seg xml:lang="fr">VIIe/VIIIe siècle</seg>
                                <seg xml:lang="en">7th/8th C.</seg>
                            </origDate>       
                        </origin>
                        <provenance type="found" subtype="discovered"> 
                            <placeName type="ancientFindspot" ref="URI" xml:lang=""/> 
                            <placeName type="modernFindspot" ref="URI" xml:lang=""/>
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                            <summary n="r">
                                <seg xml:lang="en">Obverse</seg>
                            </summary>
                            <textLang n="r" mainLang="grc" otherLangs="">
                                <seg xml:lang="fr">Grec byzantin</seg>
                                <seg xml:lang="en">Byzantine Greek</seg>
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                                    <layout n="r">
                                        <dimensions type="written" unit="mm">
                                            <dim type="diameter">24,5</dim>
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                                        <p xml:lang="fr">Monogramme cruciforme</p>
                                        <p xml:lang="en">Cruciform monogram</p>
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                                <handNote n="r">
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                                <decoNote>
                                    <figure>
                                        <figDesc n="r" xml:lang=""/>
                                        <figDesc n="decoR" xml:lang="fr">Cercle de feuillage</figDesc>
                                        <figDesc n="decoR" xml:lang="en">Circle of foliage</figDesc>
                                    </figure>
                                </decoNote>
                            </decoDesc>
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                            <summary n="v">
                                <seg xml:lang="en">Reverse</seg>
                            </summary>
                            <textLang n="v" mainLang="grc">
                                <seg xml:lang="fr">Grec byzantin</seg>
                                <seg xml:lang="en">Byzantine Greek</seg>
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                                    <layout n="v">
                                        <dimensions type="written" unit="mm">
                                            <dim type="diameter">24,5</dim>
                                        </dimensions>
                                        <p xml:lang="fr">Légende linéaire sur 3 lignes</p>
                                        <p xml:lang="en">Linear legend of 3 lines</p>
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                                </layoutDesc>
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                            <decoDesc>
                                <decoNote>
                                    <figure>
                                        <figDesc n="v" xml:lang=""/>
                                        <figDesc n="decoV" xml:lang="fr">Cercle de feuillage ; légende surmontée d’une croisette issant de fleurons simples</figDesc>
                                        <figDesc n="decoV" xml:lang="en">Circle of foliage; legend surmounted by a cross flanked by simple florets</figDesc>
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            <langUsage>
                <language ident="Grek">Greek script</language>
                <language ident="Latn">Latin script</language>
                <language ident="grc">Ancient Greek language (to 1453; assumed to be in its standard script: Grek)</language>
                <language ident="la">Latin language (assumed to be in its standard script: Latn)</language>
                <language ident="grc-Latn">Ancient Greek Language (to 1453), rendered in Latin script</language>
                <language ident="la-Grek">Latin written in Greek script</language>
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        <revisionDesc>
            <change when="2023-06-23" who="#AS"/>
            <change when="2024-05-29" who="#SM">Filled in metadata in new template</change>
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          <surfaceGrp>
              <surface n="r">
                  <desc>Obverse</desc>
                  <graphic url="https://www.abcde.com" type="digital">
                      <desc>Digital image of the obverse (2019).</desc>
                  </graphic>
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                  <desc>Reverse</desc>
                  <graphic url="https://www.abcde.com" type="digital">
                      <desc>Digital image of the reverse (2019).</desc>
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                  <div type="textpart" subtype="face" n="obv" rend=" monogram-cross" xml:lang="grc">
                       <ab>
                            <lb n="1"/><expan><ex>Θεοτόκε βοίθει</ex></expan>
                       </ab>
                  </div>
                  <div type="textpart" subtype="face" n="rev" rend="linear" xml:lang="grc">
                      <ab>
                            <lb n="2"/>Παόλ
                             <lb n="3" break="no"/>ου ὑπ
                             <lb n="4" break="no"/>άτῳ
                               </ab>
                          </div>
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              <div type="edition" subtype="diplomatic" xml:space="preserve">
                 <div type="textpart" subtype="face" n="obv" rend=" monogram-cross" xml:lang="grc">
                       <ab>
                            <lb n="1"/>Κ–Ο–Τ–Ε–Β <!-- B not found in Athena ruby palette -->
                       </ab>
                   </div>
                   <div type="textpart" subtype="face" n="obv" rend="linear" xml:lang="grc">
                       <ab>
                           <lb n="0"/> <!-- florets not found in Athena ruby palette -->
                           <lb n="2"/>ΠΟΛ
                           <lb n="3"/>ΟΥΥΠ
                           <lb n="4"/>Τ <!-- ω not found in Athena ruby palette -->
                       </ab>
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              <div type="translation">
                  <p>Θεοτόκε βοήθει / + Παόλου ὑπάτῳ.</p>
                  <p xml:lang="en">Mother of God help Paul, hypatos.</p>
                  <p xml:lang="fr">Mère de Dieu aide Paul, hypatos.</p>
              </div>
              <div type="commentary" subtype="text">
                  <p xml:lang="fr">La légende est surprenante sur deux points. D’une part la forme du nom, Παόλου pour
                      Παύλου, et d’autre part la juxtaposition du génitif pour ce nom et du datif pour la dignité. C’est le signe d’une
                      période de transition entre les légendes traditionnellement gravées au génitif qui, vers la fin du VIIe siècle, sont
                      dans leur très grande majorité, exprimées au datif.</p>
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              <div type="commentary" subtype="footnotes">
                  <p xml:lang=""/> 
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                  <p>
                      <bibl>
                          <ptr target="CheynetTatış"/>, <citedRange unit="page">222-223</citedRange>
                      </bibl>
                  </p>
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                      <bibl>
                          <ptr target="xxx"/>, <citedRange unit="page"/>
                      </bibl>
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