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                <title xml:lang="fr">Sceau de Germain II, patriarche de Constantinople</title>
                <title xml:lang="en">Seal of Germanos II, patriarch of Constantinople</title>
                <editor role="seal-editor" xml:id="JCC">Jean-Claude Cheynet</editor>
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                    <orgName corresp="https://anr.fr/">Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR)</orgName>, France / <orgName corresp="https://www.dfg.de/">Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG)</orgName>, Deutschland
                </funder>
                <principal>Alessio Sopracasa</principal>
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                <edition>
                    <seg xml:lang="fr">Amélioration digitale</seg>
                    <seg xml:lang="en">Digital enhancement</seg>
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                <editor role="digital-editor" xml:id="NB" when="2024-05-24">Numa Buchs</editor>
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                <authority>ANR/DFG DigiByzSeal - Unlocking the Hidden Value of Seals: New
                    Methodologies for Historical Research in Byzantine Studies</authority>
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                            <forename>Γερμανός</forename>
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                            <forename>Germain</forename>
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                            <forename>Germanos</forename>
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                            <seg xml:lang="fr">Turquie</seg>
                            <seg xml:lang="en">Turkey</seg>
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                            <seg xml:lang="fr">Izmir</seg>
                            <seg xml:lang="en">Izmir</seg>
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                            <persName role="issuer" ref="https://viaf.org/viaf/48683064/">Yavuz Tatış</persName> collection
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                            <seg xml:lang="en">Secular Church</seg>
                            <seg xml:lang="fr">Église séculière</seg>
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                                            <seg xml:lang="fr">Sceau</seg>
                                            <seg xml:lang="en">Seal</seg>
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                                        <interp type="workType" xml:lang="en">Original impression</interp>
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                                        <seg xml:lang="en">Lead</seg>
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                                        <dim type="diameter">36</dim>
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                                    <measure type="weight" unit="g">24,42</measure>
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                                    <measure type="overstrikeOrient" unit="clock"/>
                                    <measure type="channelOrient" unit="clock">12-6</measure>
                                    <measure type="countermark" unit="clock"/>
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                                <condition rend="blank-too-small"> 
                                    <p xml:lang="fr">Flan trop petit, rogné et cassé tout au pourtour ; belle gravure</p>
                                    <p xml:lang="en">Blank too small, trimmed and broken all round; beautiful engraving</p>
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                            <origDate type="analysis" notBefore="1223" notAfter="1243" evidence="epigraphy prosopography titulature" cert="high" resp="#JCC">
                                <seg xml:lang="fr">1223-1240</seg>
                                <seg xml:lang="en">1223-1240</seg>
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                        <provenance type="found" subtype="discovered"> 
                            <placeName type="ancientFindspot" ref="https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/609444" xml:lang="fr">Kotyaion</placeName>
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                            <placeName type="modernFindspot" ref="https://www.geonames.org/305268/kuetahya.html" xml:lang="fr">Kutahya</placeName>
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                                <seg xml:lang="en">Obverse</seg>
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                                            <dim type="diameter">36</dim>
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                                        <p xml:lang="fr">Iconographie avec légende en colonnes</p>
                                        <p xml:lang="en">Iconography with legend in columns</p>
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                                            deux mains sur les genoux un médaillon montrant la tête de l’Enfant aux cheveux longs et bouclés. Le chitôn et
                                            le maphorion de la Théotokos, rehaussés de losanges de perles, forment des plis harmonieux. Le piètement et le
                                            dossier du siège, garni de coussins, sont formés d’un quadrillage de perles, surmontés de petits fuseaux terminés
                                            par une perle.</figDesc>
                                        <figDesc n="r" xml:lang="en">Platytera Virgin, seated frontally on a high-backed throne, holding a medallion with both hands on her knees, 
                                            showing the head of the Child with long, curly hair. The chitôn and maphorion of the Theotokos, enhanced with pearl lozenges, 
                                            form harmonious folds. The base and back of the seat, upholstered with cushions, are made up of a grid of pearls, 
                                            topped with small spindles ending in a pearl.</figDesc>
                                        <figDesc n="decoR" xml:lang="fr">Bordure</figDesc>
                                        <figDesc n="decoR" xml:lang="en">Border</figDesc>
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                                <seg xml:lang="en">Reverse</seg>
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                                            <dim type="diameter">36</dim>
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                                        <p xml:lang="fr">Légende linéaire sur 7 lignes</p>
                                        <p xml:lang="en">Linear legend of 7 lines</p> 
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                <language ident="Grek">Greek script</language>
                <language ident="Latn">Latin script</language>
                <language ident="grc">Ancient Greek language (to 1453; assumed to be in its standard script: Grek)</language>
                <language ident="la">Latin language (assumed to be in its standard script: Latn)</language>
                <language ident="grc-Latn">Ancient Greek Language (to 1453), rendered in Latin script</language>
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            <change when="2023-06-23" who="#AS"/>
            <change when="2024-05-24" who="#NB">Filled in metadata in new template</change>
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                  <desc>Obverse</desc>
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                      <desc>Digital image of the obverse (2019).</desc>
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   <div type="textpart" subtype="sigla" n="obv" rend="columns" xml:lang="grc">
                       <ab>
                         <cb n="a"/><supplied reason="lost" cert="low"><expan><abbr>Μ</abbr><ex>ήτ</ex><abbr>ηρ</abbr></expan></supplied>
                        <cb n="b"/><supplied reason="lost" cert="low"><expan><abbr>Θ</abbr><ex>εο</ex><abbr>ῦ</abbr></expan></supplied>
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                          <lb n="1"/><supplied reason="lost">+</supplied> <supplied reason="lost">Γερ</supplied>μαν<supplied reason="lost">ὸς</supplied> 
                             <lb n="2"/><supplied reason="lost">ἐ</supplied>λέῳ <expan><abbr>Θ</abbr><ex>εο</ex><abbr>ῦ</abbr></expan> ἀρχ<supplied reason="lost">ι</supplied>
                             <lb n="3" break="no"/><supplied reason="lost">ε</supplied>πίσκοπος Κων
                          <lb n="4" break="no"/><supplied reason="lost">στ</supplied>αντνιουπόλεως 
                          <lb n="5"/><supplied reason="lost">Ν</supplied>έας Ῥώμης καὶ 
                          <lb n="6"/><supplied reason="lost">οἰ</supplied>κουμενηκὸς 
                          <lb n="7"/><expan><supplied reason="lost"><abbr>π</abbr></supplied><abbr>ατριάρχ</abbr><ex>ης</ex></expan>
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                       </ab>
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                  <div type="textpart" subtype="face" n="rev" rend="linear" xml:lang="grc">
                     <ab>
                           <lb n="0"/>....̣Ν..
                             <lb n="1"/>.ΛΕΘ̅Υ̅ΡΧ.
                           <lb n="2"/>.Π̣ΙΣΚΟΠΟΣΚΝ
                           <lb n="3"/>.ΝΤΙΝΙΠΟΛΕΣ̣
                         <lb n="4"/>.ΕΣΡΗΣΚΙ
                         <lb n="5"/>..Κ̣ΕΝΗΚΟΣ
                         <lb n="6"/>.ΤΡΙΡΧ
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                  <p>[...] / + Γερμανὸς ἐλέῳ Θεοῦ ἀρχιεπίσκοπος Κωνσταντνιουπόλεως Νέας Ῥώμης καὶ οἰκουμενηκὸς πατριάρχης.</p>
                  <p xml:lang="en">Germanos, by the grace of God, archbishop of Constantinople, New Rome, and ecumenical patriarch.</p>
                  <p xml:lang="fr">Germain, par la grâce de Dieu, archevêque de Constantinople, Nouvelle Rome et patriarche œcuménique.</p>
              </div>
         
              <div type="commentary" subtype="text">
                  <p xml:lang="fr">Ce sceau est décrit dans un acte notarié[1]. Il pourrait être attribué soit à Germain II,
                      soit à Germain III (1265-1266). Cependant, la longue durée du patriarcat de Germain II explique mieux le nombre
                      d’exemplaires retrouvés. De plus, leur légende contient l’inversion des lettres τνιου dans le mot Constantinople.
                      Germain, moine, fut choisi par Jean III Vatatzès dont il soutint fi dèlement les prétentions à se considérer comme
                      l’héritier des basileis de Constantinople.</p>
              </div>
              <div type="commentary" subtype="footnotes">
                  <p xml:lang="fr" xml:id="footnote-1">
                      [1] <hi rend="italic">PG</hi> CXIX, col. 805B.
                  </p> 
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                      <bibl>
                          <ptr target="CheynetTatış"/>, <citedRange unit="page">280-281</citedRange>
                      </bibl>
                  </p>
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              <div type="bibliography" subtype="parallels"> 
                      <bibl>
                          <ptr target="xxx"/>, <citedRange unit="page"/>
                          <!--(α) Ermitage ; (β) anc. coll. Zacos, deux exemplaires, aujourd’hui au Musée historique de Genève ; (γ) Istanbul, musée ; (δ) Zacos
(BnF) 5549 (demi-plomb) inédit.
Ed. des // : (α) lAurent, Corpus V/1, no 33 avec le rappel des éd. précédentes ; (β) ZACos II, no 35a = catalogue vente Spink 127, no 23 ;
ZACos II, no 35b ; CAMpAgnolo-pothitou – Cheynet, Sceaux Zacos, nos 251 A et B ; (γ) Cheynet – bulgurlu – gökyildiriM, Istanbul,
no 6.5..-->
                      </bibl>
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