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                <title xml:lang="fr">Sceau de Théodore, protospathaire, juge de l’Hippodrome, du
                    Velum et des Arméniaques</title>
                <title xml:lang="en">Seal of Theodoros, protospatharios, judge of the Hippodrome, of
                    the Velum and of the Armeniakoi</title>
                <editor role="seal-editor" xml:id="JCC">Jean-Claude Cheynet</editor>
                <funder>
                    <orgName corresp="https://anr.fr/">Agence Nationale de la Recherche
                        (ANR)</orgName>, France / <orgName corresp="https://www.dfg.de/">Deutsche
                        Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG)</orgName>, Deutschland </funder>
                <principal>Alessio Sopracasa</principal>
            </titleStmt>
            <editionStmt>
                <edition>
                    <seg xml:lang="fr">Amélioration digitale</seg>
                    <seg xml:lang="en">Digital enhancement</seg>
                </edition>
                <editor role="digital-editor" xml:id="SM" when="2024-04-02">Sima Meziridou</editor>
                <editor role="digital-editor" xml:id="AS" when="2024-10-17">Alessio
                    Sopracasa</editor>
            </editionStmt>
            <publicationStmt>
                <authority>ANR/DFG DigiByzSeal - Unlocking the Hidden Value of Seals: New
                    Methodologies for Historical Research in Byzantine Studies</authority>
                <idno type="filename">Tatish_2.32</idno>
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                    <person gender="M" role="civil">
                        <persName xml:lang="grc">
                            <forename>Θεόδωρος</forename>
                        </persName>
                        <persName xml:lang="fr">
                            <forename>Théodore</forename>
                        </persName>
                        <persName xml:lang="en">
                            <forename>Theodore</forename>
                        </persName>
                    </person>
                </listPerson>
                <msDesc>
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                        <country>
                            <seg xml:lang="fr">Turquie</seg>
                            <seg xml:lang="en">Turkey</seg>
                        </country>
                        <settlement>
                            <seg xml:lang="fr"><placeName ref="https://www.geonames.org/311046/izmir.html">Izmir</placeName></seg>
                            <seg xml:lang="en"><placeName ref="https://www.geonames.org/311046/izmir.html">İzmir</placeName></seg>
                        </settlement>
                        <institution/>
                        <repository/>
                        <collection type="private">
                            <rs type="collection-name" xml:lang="en"><persName role="owner" ref="https://viaf.org/viaf/48683064/">Yavuz Tatış</persName>
                                collection</rs>
                            <rs type="collection-name" xml:lang="fr">Collection <persName role="owner" ref="https://viaf.org/viaf/48683064/">Yavuz
                                    Tatış</persName></rs>
                        </collection>
                        <idno type="inv-nr-current">2338</idno>
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                            <repository/>
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                        <summary n="whole">
                            <seg xml:lang="en">Central administration</seg>
                            <seg xml:lang="fr">Administration centrale</seg>
                        </summary>
                    </msContents>
                    <physDesc>
                        <objectDesc>
                            <supportDesc>
                                <support>
                                    <objectType>
                                        <term>
                                            <seg xml:lang="fr">Sceau</seg>
                                            <seg xml:lang="en">Seal</seg>
                                        </term>
                                        <interp type="workType" xml:lang="fr">Empreinte
                                            originale</interp>
                                        <interp type="workType" xml:lang="en">Original
                                            impression</interp>
                                    </objectType>
                                    <material>
                                        <seg xml:lang="fr">Plomb</seg>
                                        <seg xml:lang="en">Lead</seg>
                                    </material>
                                    <dimensions type="support" unit="mm">
                                        <dim type="diameter">25</dim>
                                    </dimensions>
                                    <measure type="weight" unit="g">12,13</measure>
                                    <measure type="axis" unit="clock"/>
                                    <measure type="overstrikeOrient" unit="clock"/>
                                    <measure type="channelOrient" unit="clock">3-9</measure>
                                    <measure type="countermark" unit="clock"/>
                                </support>
                                <condition rend="crushed chipped">
                                    <p xml:lang="fr">Echancré aux orifices du canal placé à
                                        l’horizontale; rogné à la base du flan; écrasé sur une
                                        partie importante des deux faces: ceci rend visible
                                        seulement la partie droite de la légende circulaire sur
                                        l'avers et de l'épigraphe en colonnes accompagnant l'image,
                                        tandis qu'au revers les dernières lignes sont écrasées.</p>
                                    <p xml:lang="en">Horizontal channel, indented at its openings;
                                        trimmed at the base of the blank; crushed on a large part of
                                        both sides: this makes only the right-hand part of the
                                        circular legend and of the image's label visible on the
                                        obverse, while on the reverse the last lines are
                                        crushed.</p>
                                </condition>
                            </supportDesc>
                            <layoutDesc>
                                <layout n="whole">
                                    <rs type="execution">
                                        <seg xml:lang="fr">Frappé</seg>
                                        <seg xml:lang="en">Struck</seg>
                                    </rs>
                                    <rs type="shape">
                                        <seg xml:lang="fr">Ronde</seg>
                                        <seg xml:lang="en">Round</seg>
                                    </rs>
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                        <origin>
                            <origPlace>
                                <seg xml:lang="fr">
                                    <placeName>Arméniaques</placeName>
                                </seg>
                                <seg xml:lang="en">
                                    <placeName>Armeniakoi</placeName>
                                </seg>
                            </origPlace>
                            <origDate type="analysis" notBefore="1026" notAfter="1050" evidence="epigraphy" cert="high" resp="#JCC">
                                <seg xml:lang="fr">XIe siècle (second quart)</seg>
                                <seg xml:lang="en">11th C., second quarter</seg>
                            </origDate>
                        </origin>
                        <provenance type="found" subtype="discovered">
                            <placeName type="ancientFindspot" ref="URI" xml:lang=""/>
                            <placeName type="modernFindspot" ref="URI" xml:lang=""/>
                            <rs type="circumstances" xml:lang=""/>
                        </provenance>
                        <provenance type="observed" subtype="seen">
                            <p xml:lang=""/>
                        </provenance>
                        <provenance type="not-observed" subtype="lost">
                            <p xml:lang=""/>
                        </provenance>
                        <provenance type="transferred" subtype="moved">
                            <p xml:lang=""/>
                        </provenance>
                        <acquisition>
                            <p xml:lang=""/>
                        </acquisition>
                    </history>
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                            <summary n="r">
                                <seg xml:lang="en">Obverse</seg>
                            </summary>
                            <textLang n="r" mainLang="grc">
                                <seg xml:lang="fr">Grec byzantin</seg>
                                <seg xml:lang="en">Byzantine Greek</seg>
                            </textLang>
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                        <physDesc>
                            <objectDesc>
                                <layoutDesc>
                                    <layout n="r">
                                        <dimensions type="written" unit="mm">
                                            <dim type="diameter"/>
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                                        <p xml:lang="fr">Iconographie avec légende invocative
                                            circulaire commençant à gauche, partiellement
                                            sauvegardée.</p>
                                        <p xml:lang="en">Iconography with circular invocative legend
                                            starting on the left, partially preserved.</p>
                                    </layout>
                                </layoutDesc>
                            </objectDesc>
                            <handDesc>
                                <handNote n="r">
                                    <seg xml:lang="en"/>
                                </handNote>
                            </handDesc>
                            <decoDesc>
                                <decoNote>
                                    <figure>
                                        <figDesc n="r" ana="male saint military St-Theodore bust spear" xml:lang="fr">Buste de saint Théodore, de face, tenant
                                            la lance en main droite, le reste est indistinct; dans
                                            le champ, de part et d’autre du nimbe, épigraphe en
                                            colonne conservée à droite.</figDesc>
                                        <figDesc n="r" ana="male saint military St-Theodore bust spear" xml:lang="en">Bust of Saint Theodore, facing, holding a
                                            spear in his right hand, the rest is indistinct; in the
                                            field, on either side of the nimbus, label in columns
                                            preserved on the right.</figDesc>
                                        <figDesc n="decoR" xml:lang="fr">Bordure de
                                            grènetis</figDesc>
                                        <figDesc n="decoR" xml:lang="en">Border of dots</figDesc>
                                    </figure>
                                </decoNote>
                            </decoDesc>
                        </physDesc>
                    </msPart>
                    <msPart n="v">
                        <msIdentifier/>
                        <msContents>
                            <summary n="v">
                                <seg xml:lang="en">Reverse</seg>
                            </summary>
                            <textLang n="v" mainLang="grc">
                                <seg xml:lang="fr">Grec byzantin</seg>
                                <seg xml:lang="en">Byzantine Greek</seg>
                            </textLang>
                        </msContents>
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                            <objectDesc>
                                <layoutDesc>
                                    <layout n="v">
                                        <dimensions type="written" unit="mm">
                                            <dim type="diameter"/>
                                        </dimensions>
                                        <p xml:lang="fr">Légende linéaire sur 7 lignes</p>
                                        <p xml:lang="en">Linear legend of 7 lines</p>
                                    </layout>
                                </layoutDesc>
                            </objectDesc>
                            <handDesc>
                                <handNote n="v">
                                    <seg xml:lang=""/>
                                </handNote>
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                            <decoDesc>
                                <decoNote>
                                    <figure>
                                        <!--<figDesc n="v" ana="" xml:lang=""/>-->
                                        <figDesc n="decoV" xml:lang="fr">Bordure de grènetis; au
                                            sommet du champ, une croisette de perles accostée de
                                            tirets précède la légende sur une ligne
                                            séparée.</figDesc>
                                        <figDesc n="decoV" xml:lang="en">Border of dots; a cross
                                            flanked by dashes at the top of the field prcedes the
                                            legend on a separate line.</figDesc>
                                    </figure>
                                </decoNote>
                            </decoDesc>
                        </physDesc>
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            <langUsage>
                <language ident="Grek">Greek script</language>
                <language ident="Latn">Latin script</language>
                <language ident="grc">Ancient Greek language (to 1453; assumed to be in its standard
                    script: Grek)</language>
                <language ident="la">Latin language (assumed to be in its standard script:
                    Latn)</language>
                <language ident="grc-Latn">Ancient Greek Language (to 1453), rendered in Latin
                    script</language>
                <language ident="la-Grek">Latin written in Greek script</language>
            </langUsage>
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            <change when="2025-02-16" who="#AS">Encoding for indexing added</change>
            <change when="2024-10-17" who="#AS">Revision and correction of the entire XML
                file</change>
            <change when="2024-04-12" who="#SM">Corrections on metadata</change>
            <change when="2024-04-03" who="#SM">Filled in comments and bibliography</change>
            <change when="2024-04-02" who="#SM">Filled in metadata in new template</change>
            <change when="2023-06-23" who="#AS"/>
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        <surfaceGrp>
            <surface n="r">
                <desc>Obverse</desc>
                <graphic url="https://www.abcde.com" type="digital">
                    <desc>Digital image of the obverse (2019).</desc>
                </graphic>
            </surface>
            <surface n="v">
                <desc>Reverse</desc>
                <graphic url="https://www.abcde.com" type="digital">
                    <desc>Digital image of the reverse (2019).</desc>
                </graphic>
            </surface>
        </surfaceGrp>
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        <body>
            <div type="edition" subtype="editorial" xml:space="preserve">
                  <div type="textpart" n="obv" subtype="label" rend="columns" xml:lang="grc"> 
                      <ab ana="nom"> 
                       <cb n="a"/><supplied reason="lost" evidence="parallel"><expan><ex>Ὁ ἅγιος</ex></expan></supplied>
                          <expan><abbr><supplied reason="lost" evidence="parallel">Θεό</supplied>
                        <cb n="b"/>δωρ</abbr><ex>ος</ex></expan>
                          ὁ <expan><abbr>Τήρ</abbr><ex>ων</ex></expan>
                    </ab>
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                  <div type="textpart" n="obv" subtype="face" rend="circular" xml:lang="grc">
                      <ab ana="dat">
                          <lb n="1"/><rs type="invocation" ref="#inv004"><supplied reason="lost"><expan><abbr>Κ</abbr><ex>ύρι</ex><abbr>ε</abbr></expan></supplied>
                          <supplied reason="lost">βο</supplied>ήθει τῷ σῷ
                          <supplied reason="lost" evidence="parallel"><expan><abbr>δούλ</abbr><ex>ῳ</ex></expan></supplied></rs>
                      </ab>
                  </div>
                  <div type="textpart" n="rev" subtype="face" rend="linear" xml:lang="grc">
                      <ab ana="dat">
                         <lb n="2"/><forename><expan><abbr>Θεοδώ
                           <lb n="3" break="no"/>ρ</abbr><ex>ῳ</ex></expan></forename>
                          <rs type="dignity" ref="#d0066"><expan><abbr><am>A</am></abbr><ex>πρωτο</ex><abbr>σπαθ</abbr><ex>αρίῳ</ex></expan></rs>
                           <lb n="4"/><rs type="office" subtype="civil" ref="#of0112"><expan><abbr>κριτ</abbr><ex>ῇ</ex></expan></rs> ἐπὶ
                           <lb n="5"/><supplied reason="lost">τοῦ</supplied>
                          <rs type="institution" ref="#org0017"><expan><supplied reason="lost"><abbr>Ἱ</abbr></supplied><abbr>ππο</abbr><supplied reason="lost"><abbr>δρ</abbr><ex>όμου</ex></supplied></expan></rs>
                          <supplied reason="lost" evidence="parallel">τ</supplied>
                           <lb n="6" break="no"/><supplied reason="lost" evidence="parallel">οῦ</supplied> <rs type="istitution" ref="#org0007"><expan><abbr>βίλ</abbr><ex>ου</ex></expan></rs>
                          <supplied reason="lost" evidence="parallel"><expan><abbr><am>S</am></abbr><ex>καὶ</ex></expan></supplied> <supplied reason="lost" evidence="parallel">τ</supplied>
                           <lb n="7" break="no"/><supplied reason="lost" evidence="parallel">ο</supplied>ν <placeName ref="#geo0018"><expan><abbr>Ἀρμε
                          <lb n="8" break="no"/><supplied reason="lost" evidence="parallel">νιακ</supplied></abbr><ex>ῶν</ex></expan></placeName>
                               </ab>

                  </div>
              </div>
            <div type="edition" subtype="diplomatic" xml:space="preserve">
                  <div type="textpart" subtype="label" n="obv" rend="columns" xml:lang="grc">
                      <ab>
                          <cb n="a"/>....
                          <cb n="b"/>Δ||Ρ̣,|Ο̣|Τ̣Η̣|Ρ
                      </ab>
                  </div>
                  <div type="textpart" n="obv" subtype="face" rend="circular" xml:lang="grc">
                      <ab>
                          <lb n="1"/>....Η̣Θ̣Ε̣Ι̣Τ̣̣Σ̣̣....
                      </ab>
                  </div>
                  <div type="textpart" subtype="face" n="rev" rend="linear" xml:lang="grc">
                      <ab>
                          <lb n="0"/>
                          <lb n="2"/>ΘΕΟ 
                          <lb n="3"/>Ρ̣,ΑˊΣΠΑ̣Θ̣/
                          <lb n="4"/>Κ̣Ρ̣ΙΤΕΠ.
                          <lb n="5"/>...Ο... 
                          <lb n="6"/>.̣Ι̣Λ̣..  
                          <lb n="7"/>.Ν̣Α̣Ρ̣̣Ε̣
                          <lb n="8"/>....
                      </ab>
                  </div>
              </div>
            <div type="apparatus">
                <listApp>
                    <app loc="b, 6-8">
                        <note>La lecture a été rendue possible par la pièce parallèle, qui permet de
                            compléter l'édition de l'exemplaire de la collection Tatış, comme
                            suggéré par <bibl><ptr target="Seibt2020"/>, p. <citedRange unit="page">512</citedRange></bibl>.</note>
                    </app>
                </listApp>
            </div>
            <div type="translation">
                <p>Ὁ ἅγιος Θεόδωρος ὁ Τήρων. Κύριε βοήθει τῷ σῷ δούλῳ / Θεοδώρῳ πρωτοσπαθαρίῳ, κριτῇ
                    ἐπὶ τοῦ Ἱπποδρόμου, τοῦ βίλου καὶ τον Ἀρμενιακῶν</p>
                <p xml:lang="en">Saint Theodore the soldier. Lord help your servant Theodoros protospatharios,
                    judge of the Hippodrome, of the Velum and of the Armeniakoi.</p>
                <p xml:lang="fr">Saint Théodore le soldat. Seigneur aide ton serviteur Théodore
                    protospathaire, juge de l’Hippodrome, du Velum et des Arméniaques.</p>
            </div>
            <div type="commentary" subtype="text">
                <!--<p xml:lang="fr">La lecture juge est assurée, celle de l’Hippodrome est
                    vraisemblable, mais la fin de la légende échappe, compte tenu de l’état de
                    conservation du sceau. La légende se terminait soit par une autre fonction,
                    comme notaire ou protonotaire d’une institution, soit par le nom de la province
                    où exerçait le juge, soit par un nom transmissible.</p>-->
                <!-- Légende rendue caduque par l'emploi du parallèle. -->
            </div>
            <div type="commentary" subtype="footnotes">
                <p xml:lang=""/>
            </div>
            <div type="bibliography" subtype="edition">
                <p>
                    <bibl>
                        <ptr target="CheynetTatış"/>, <citedRange unit="part">2.32</citedRange>.
                    </bibl>
                </p>
            </div>
            <div type="bibliography" subtype="parallels">
                <p>Collection Dumbarton Oaks, BZS.1947.2.43:
                    <bibl>
                        <ptr target="DOseals4"/>, <citedRange unit="part">22.24</citedRange>.
                    </bibl> = <bibl>
                        <ptr target="DOsealsOnline"/>, <citedRange unit="part"><ref target="https://www.doaks.org/resources/seals/byzantine-seals/BZS.1947.2.43/view">BZS.1947.2.43</ref></citedRange>.
                    </bibl>
                </p>
            </div>
            <div type="bibliography" subtype="discussion">
                <p>
                    <bibl><ptr target="Seibt2020"/>, p. <citedRange unit="page">512</citedRange>.</bibl>
                </p>
            </div>
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