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                <title xml:lang="fr">Sceau de Jean [Doukas], césar</title>
                <title xml:lang="en">Seal of John [Doukas], kaisar</title>
                <editor role="seal-editor" xml:id="JCC">Jean-Claude Cheynet</editor>
                <funder>
                    <orgName corresp="https://anr.fr/">Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR)</orgName>, France / <orgName corresp="https://www.dfg.de/">Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG)</orgName>, Deutschland
                </funder>
                <principal>Alessio Sopracasa</principal>
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                <edition>
                    <seg xml:lang="fr">Amélioration digitale</seg>
                    <seg xml:lang="en">Digital enhancement</seg>
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                <editor role="digital-editor" xml:id="SM" when="2024-05-21">Sima Meziridou</editor>
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                <authority>ANR/DFG DigiByzSeal - Unlocking the Hidden Value of Seals: New
                    Methodologies for Historical Research in Byzantine Studies</authority>
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                            <forename>Ἰωάννης</forename>
                            <surname>Δούκας</surname>
                        </persName>
                        <persName xml:lang="fr">
                            <forename>Jean</forename>
                            <surname>Doukas</surname>               
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                        <persName xml:lang="en">
                            <forename>John</forename>
                            <surname>Doukas</surname>  
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                        <idno type="PBW" ana="https://pbw2016.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/person/107265/">PBW Ioannes 62</idno>                   
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                            <seg xml:lang="fr">Turquie</seg>
                            <seg xml:lang="en">Turkey</seg>
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                        <settlement>
                            <seg xml:lang="fr">Izmir</seg>
                            <seg xml:lang="en">Izmir</seg>
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                                            <seg xml:lang="fr">Sceau</seg>
                                            <seg xml:lang="en">Seal</seg>
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                                        <interp type="workType" xml:lang="fr">Empreinte originale</interp>
                                        <interp type="workType" xml:lang="en">Original impression</interp>
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                                        <seg xml:lang="fr">Plomb</seg>
                                        <seg xml:lang="en">Lead</seg>
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                                        <dim type="diameter">29</dim>
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                                    <measure type="weight" unit="g">18,57</measure>
                                    <measure type="axis" unit="clock"/>
                                    <measure type="overstrikeOrient" unit="clock"/>
                                    <measure type="channelOrient" unit="clock">12-6</measure>
                                    <measure type="countermark" unit="clock"/>
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                                <condition rend="worn-edge"> 
                                    <p xml:lang="fr">Légèrement échancré aux orifices du canal ; faibles traces d’usure sur les deux faces.</p>
                                    <p xml:lang="en">Slightly indented at the channel orifices; slight traces of wear on both sides.</p>
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                                    <placeName/>
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                            <origDate type="analysis" notBefore="1059" notAfter="1088" evidence="epigraphy" cert="high" resp="#JCC">
                                <seg xml:lang="fr">post 1059</seg>
                                <seg xml:lang="en">post 1059</seg>
                            </origDate>       
                        </origin>
                        <provenance type="found" subtype="discovered"> 
                            <placeName type="ancientFindspot" ref="https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/609430" xml:lang="fr">Vallée du Kaystros</placeName>
                            <placeName type="ancientFindspot" ref="https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/609430" xml:lang="en">Kaystros valley</placeName>
                            <placeName type="modernFindspot" ref="https://www.geonames.org/305883/river-mendere.html" xml:lang="fr">Caÿstre</placeName>
                            <placeName type="modernFindspot" ref="https://www.geonames.org/305883/river-mendere.html" xml:lang="en">Cayster</placeName>
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                        <provenance type="transferred" subtype="moved">
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                                <seg xml:lang="en">Obverse</seg>
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                                <seg xml:lang="fr">Grec byzantin</seg>
                                <seg xml:lang="en">Byzantine Greek</seg>
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                                        <dimensions type="written" unit="mm">
                                            <dim type="diameter">29</dim>
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                                        <p xml:lang="fr">Iconographie avec légende circulaire</p>
                                        <p xml:lang="en">Iconography with circular legend</p>
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                                <decoNote>
                                    <figure>
                                        <figDesc n="r" xml:lang="fr">Vierge de face, en buste,
                                            tenant des deux mains un grand médaillon montrant le buste de l’Enfant au nimbe crucigère</figDesc>
                                        <figDesc n="r" xml:lang="en">Bust of the Virgin Mary, holding in both hands a large medallion showing the bust of the Child with a cruciferous nimbus</figDesc>
                                        <figDesc n="decoR" xml:lang="fr">Bordure de perles</figDesc>
                                        <figDesc n="decoR" xml:lang="en">Border of pearls</figDesc>
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                                </decoNote>
                            </decoDesc>
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                            <summary n="v">
                                <seg xml:lang="en">Reverse</seg>
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                            <textLang n="v" mainLang="grc">
                                <seg xml:lang="fr">Grec byzantin</seg>
                                <seg xml:lang="en">Byzantine Greek</seg>
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                            <objectDesc>
                                <layoutDesc>
                                    <layout n="v">
                                        <dimensions type="written" unit="mm">
                                            <dim type="diameter">29</dim>
                                        </dimensions>
                                        <p xml:lang="fr">Iconographie avec légende circulaire</p>
                                        <p xml:lang="en">Iconography with circular legend</p>
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                            <handDesc>
                                <handNote n="v">
                                    <seg xml:lang=""/>
                                </handNote>
                            </handDesc>
                            <decoDesc>
                                <decoNote>
                                    <figure>
                                        <figDesc n="v" xml:lang="fr">Le césar de face, en buste, doté d’une barbe et d’une moustache ;
                                            coiffé d’un diadème de perles surmonté d’une croisette, il est revêtu du chitôn sous une chlamyde richement
                                            cloisonnée de perles, retenue par une fibule de joyaux à l’épaule droite, et tient en main droite une croix et de
                                            l’autre l’akakia</figDesc>
                                        <figDesc n="v" xml:lang="en">Bust of the Caesar with a beard and moustache; wearing a pearl 
                                            diadem topped with a cross, he is wearing the chitôn under a chlamyde richly laced with pearls, held in place by a 
                                            jewelled fibula on the right shoulder, and holding a cross in his right hand and the akakia in the other</figDesc>
                                        <figDesc n="decoV" xml:lang="fr">Bordure de perles</figDesc>
                                        <figDesc n="decoV" xml:lang="en">Border of pearls</figDesc>
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                <language ident="Grek">Greek script</language>
                <language ident="Latn">Latin script</language>
                <language ident="grc">Ancient Greek language (to 1453; assumed to be in its standard script: Grek)</language>
                <language ident="la">Latin language (assumed to be in its standard script: Latn)</language>
                <language ident="grc-Latn">Ancient Greek Language (to 1453), rendered in Latin script</language>
                <language ident="la-Grek">Latin written in Greek script</language>
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            <change when="2023-06-23" who="#AS"/>
            <change when="2024-05-21" who="#SM">Filled in metadata in new template</change>
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          <surfaceGrp>
              <surface n="r">
                  <desc>Obverse</desc>
                  <graphic url="https://www.abcde.com" type="digital">
                      <desc>Digital image of the obverse (2019).</desc>
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              </surface>
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                  <desc>Reverse</desc>
                  <graphic url="https://www.abcde.com" type="digital">
                      <desc>Digital image of the reverse (2019).</desc>
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          <body>
              <div type="edition" subtype="editorial" xml:space="preserve">
                  <div type="textpart" subtype="sigla" n="obv" rend="columns" xml:lang="grc">
                       <ab>
                        <cb n="a"/><expan><abbr>Μή</abbr><ex>τη</ex><abbr>ρ</abbr></expan>
                        <cb n="b"/><expan><abbr>Θ</abbr><ex>εο</ex><abbr>ῦ</abbr></expan>

                      </ab>
                  </div>
                    <div type="textpart" subtype="face" n="obv" rend="circular" xml:lang="grc">
                       <ab>
                        <lb n="1"/>+ <expan><abbr>Θ</abbr><ex>εοτό</ex><abbr>κε</abbr></expan> βοήθει τῷ σῷ δούλ<supplied reason="lost">ῳ</supplied>                   
                      </ab>
                  </div>           
                  <div type="textpart" subtype="face" n="rev" rend="circular" xml:lang="grc">
                      <ab>
                           <lb n="2"/><expan><abbr>Ἰω</abbr><ex>άννῃ</ex></expan> τῷ <expan><abbr>εὐτυχεστάτ</abbr><ex>ῳ</ex></expan> καίσαρι
                               </ab>
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              </div>
              <div type="edition" subtype="diplomatic" xml:space="preserve">
                 <div type="textpart" subtype="sigla" n="obv" rend="columns" xml:lang="grc">
                       <ab>
                           <cb n="a"/>
                           <cb n="b"/>Θ̅Υ̅                        
                       </ab>
                   </div>         
                   <div type="textpart" subtype="face" n="obv" rend="circular" xml:lang="grc">
                       <ab>
                        <lb n="1"/>ΘΚΕΟΗΘΕΙΤΣΔΟΛ. <!-- Δ not found in Athena ruby palette -->
                      </ab>
                  </div>
                  <div type="textpart" subtype="face" n="rev" rend="circular" xml:lang="grc">
                      <ab>
                           <lb n="2"/>Ι̅̅ΤΕΥΤΥΧΕ||ΣΤΑΤ/ΚΑΙΣΑΡΙ
                               </ab>
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              <div type="translation">
                  <p>Μήτηρ Θεοῦ. Θεοτόκε βοήθει τῷ σῷ δούλῳ / Ἰωάννῃ τῷ εὐτυχεστάτῳ καίσαρι.</p>
                  <p xml:lang="en">Mother of God. Mother of God help your servant John, the most fortunate kaisar.</p>
                  <p xml:lang="fr">Mère de Dieu. Mother of God aide ton serviteur Jean, le très fortuné césar.</p>
              </div>
              <div type="commentary" subtype="text">
                  <p xml:lang="fr">Jean Doukas fut promu césar lorsque son frère Constantin fut proclamé empereur. L’un des
                      privilèges du césar l’autorisait à graver son portrait sur ses sceaux, comme le basileus. Il fut très actif sous le
                      règne de Constantin X, mais aussi sous les empereurs jusqu’à l’époque d’Alexis Comnène qui avait épousé sa
                      petite-fi lle. Au cours de sa carrière tourmentée, il fut entraîné dans une rébellion contre son neveu Michel VII et,
                      prudemment, prit l’habit monastique sous le nom d’Ignace, qu’il fit désormais inscrire sur ses sceaux [1].
                      C’est le second sceau du césar trouvé dans la région d’Izmir. Il est possible qu’il y ait possédé des biens
                      fonciers. Son fils Andronic fut stratège des Thracésiens [2] et acquit un vaste domaine impérial dans les environs
                      de Milet [3].</p>
              </div>
              <div type="commentary" subtype="footnotes">
                  <p xml:lang="fr" xml:id="footnote-1">
                      [1]. Sur Jean Doukas, cf la notice no 26 avec une bibliographie récente dans M. kouroupou, J.-Fr. Vannier, Commémoraisons des
                      Comnènes dans le typikon liturgique du monastère du Christ Philanthrope (<hi rend="italic">ms. Panaghia Kamariotissa</hi> 29), <hi rend="italic">REB</hi> 63, 2005, p. 63-64.
                  </p> 
                  <p xml:lang="fr" xml:id="footnote-2">
                      [2]. <hi rend="italic">DOSeals</hi> 3.2.39. La lecture du nom a été corrigée par W. Seibt dans son compte rendu, <hi rend="italic">BZ</hi> 92, 1999, p. 539.
                  </p>
                  <p xml:lang="fr" xml:id="footnote-3">
                      [3]. <hi rend="italic">Βυζαντινὰ ἔγγραφα τῆς μονῆς Πάτμου. Α ́, Αὐτοκρατορικά</hi>, éd. É. Vranoussi, Athènes 1980, no 50.
                  </p>
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              <div type="bibliography" subtype="edition">
                  <p>
                      <bibl>
                          <ptr target="CheynetTatış"/>, <citedRange unit="page">207-208</citedRange>
                      </bibl>
                  </p>
              </div>
              <div type="bibliography" subtype="parallels"> <!-- // ou très proches, pas tous issus du même boullôtèrion : (α) anc. coll. Zacos, quatre exemplaires ; (β) BnF, fonds ancien ; (γ) Musée
d’Izmir ; (δ) Zacos (BnF) 1145 et 5053, inédits ; (ε) ventes aux enchères214.
Ed. des // : (α) ZACos – veglery, nos 2683a, b, c, d ; (β) M. rostovtseW – M. prou, Catalogue des plombs de l’Antiquité, du Moyen
Âge et des Temps modernes, conservés au Département des Médailles et des Antiques de la Bibliothèque Nationale, Paris 1900, p. 286,
no 859 ; (γ) J.-Cl. Cheynet, La place de Smyrne dans le thème des Thracésiens, Aureus. Mélanges Ev. Chrysos, éd. T. koliAs et K.
pitsAkis, Athènes 2014, p. 107-109. -->
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