<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><!-- last changed before 1.0 version release 2021-08-02 --><!-- last changed before 1.1 release: 2023-03-12 / 2023-04-17 --><!-- ongoing changes to 2.0: march 2024 --><?xml-model href="https://sigidoc.github.io/Schema/schema/latest/sigidoc.rng" type="application/xml" schematypens="http://relaxng.org/ns/structure/1.0"?><?xml-model href="https://sigidoc.github.io/Schema/schema/latest/sigidoc.rng" type="application/xml" schematypens="http://purl.oclc.org/dsdl/schematron"?><TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
    <teiHeader>
        <fileDesc>
            <titleStmt>
                <title xml:lang="fr">Sceau de Μènas, évêque de Tralles</title>
                <title xml:lang="en">Seal of Menas, bishop of Tralleis</title>
                <editor role="seal-editor" xml:id="JCC">Jean-Claude Cheynet</editor>
                <funder>
                    <orgName corresp="https://anr.fr/">Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR)</orgName>, France / <orgName corresp="https://www.dfg.de/">Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG)</orgName>, Deutschland
                </funder>
                <principal>Alessio Sopracasa</principal>
            </titleStmt>
            <editionStmt>
                <edition>
                    <seg xml:lang="fr">Amélioration digitale</seg>
                    <seg xml:lang="en">Digital enhancement</seg>
                </edition>
                <editor role="digital-editor" xml:id="NB" when="2024-05-29">Numa Buchs</editor>
            </editionStmt>
            <publicationStmt>
                <authority>ANR/DFG DigiByzSeal - Unlocking the Hidden Value of Seals: New
                    Methodologies for Historical Research in Byzantine Studies</authority>
                <idno type="filename">Tatish_6.30</idno>
                <idno type="SigiDocID"/>
                <idno type="sequence"/>
                <date when="2024-03-03"/>
                <availability>
                    <licence target="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/">Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International - CC BY-NC-SA
                        4.0</licence>
                </availability>
            </publicationStmt>
            <sourceDesc>
                <listPerson type="issuer">
                    <person gender="M" role="secular-church">
                        <persName xml:lang="grc">
                            <forename>Μηνᾶς</forename>
                        </persName>
                        <persName xml:lang="fr">
                            <forename>Μènas</forename>
                        </persName>
                        <persName xml:lang="en">
                            <forename>Menas</forename>
                        </persName>
                    </person>
                </listPerson>
                <msDesc>
                    <msIdentifier>
                        <country>
                            <seg xml:lang="fr">Turquie</seg>
                            <seg xml:lang="en">Turkey</seg>
                        </country>
                        <settlement>
                            <seg xml:lang="fr">Izmir</seg>
                            <seg xml:lang="en">Izmir</seg>
                        </settlement>
                        <institution/> 
                        <repository/> 
                        <collection type="private" xml:lang="en" ref="URI"><rs type="collection-name" xml:lang="en">
                            <persName role="issuer" ref="https://viaf.org/viaf/48683064/">Yavuz Tatış</persName> collection
                        </rs></collection>
                         
                        <idno type="inv-nr-current">2258</idno>
                        <altIdentifier>
                            <repository/>
                             
                             
                            <idno type="inv-nr-former"/>
                        </altIdentifier>
                    </msIdentifier>
                    <msContents>
                        <summary n="whole">
                            <seg xml:lang="en">Secular Church</seg>
                            <seg xml:lang="fr">Église séculière</seg>
                        </summary>
                    </msContents>
                    <physDesc>
                        <objectDesc>
                            <supportDesc>
                                <support>
                                    <objectType>
                                        <term>
                                            <seg xml:lang="fr">Sceau</seg>
                                            <seg xml:lang="en">Seal</seg>
                                        </term>
                                        <interp type="workType" xml:lang="fr">Empreinte originale</interp>
                                        <interp type="workType" xml:lang="en">Original impression</interp>
                                    </objectType>
                                    <material>
                                        <seg xml:lang="fr">Plomb</seg>
                                        <seg xml:lang="en">Lead</seg>
                                    </material>
                                    <dimensions type="support" unit="mm">
                                        <dim type="diameter">26</dim>
                                    </dimensions>
                                    <measure type="weight" unit="g">9,05</measure>
                                    <measure type="axis" unit="clock"/>
                                    <measure type="overstrikeOrient" unit="clock"/>
                                    <measure type="channelOrient" unit="clock">12-6</measure>
                                    <measure type="countermark" unit="clock"/>
                                </support>
                                <condition rend="crushed"> 
                                    <p xml:lang="fr">Nettement échancré à l’orifice supérieur du canal du canal ; légèrement écrasé au revers</p>
                                    <p xml:lang="en">Clearly indented at the upper orifice of the canal of the canal; slightly crushed on the reverse side</p>
                                </condition>
                            </supportDesc>
                            <layoutDesc>
                                <layout n="whole">
                                    <rs type="execution">
                                        <seg xml:lang="fr">Frappé</seg>
                                    </rs>
                                    <rs type="shape">
                                        <seg xml:lang="fr">Ronde</seg>
                                    </rs>
                                    <rs type="matrix" subtype="not-surviving">
                                        <idno type="SigiDoc"/>
                                        <idno type="PBW"/>
                                    </rs>                                     
                                </layout>
                            </layoutDesc>
                        </objectDesc>
                    </physDesc>
                    <history>
                        <origin>
                            <origPlace>
                                <seg xml:lang="fr">
                                    <placeName/>
                                </seg>
                            </origPlace>
                            <origDate type="analysis" notBefore="0901" notAfter="1100" evidence="epigraphy" cert="high" resp="#JCC">
                                <seg xml:lang="fr">Xe-XIe siècle</seg>
                                <seg xml:lang="en">10th-11th C.</seg>
                            </origDate>    
                        </origin>
                        <provenance type="found" subtype="discovered"> 
                            <placeName type="ancientFindspot" ref="URI" xml:lang=""/> 
                            <placeName type="modernFindspot" ref="URI" xml:lang=""/>
                            <rs type="circumstances" xml:lang=""/>
                        </provenance>
                        <provenance type="observed" subtype="seen">
                            <p xml:lang=""/>
                        </provenance>
                        <provenance type="not-observed" subtype="lost">
                            <p xml:lang=""/>
                        </provenance>
                        <provenance type="transferred" subtype="moved">
                            <p xml:lang=""/>
                        </provenance>
                        <acquisition>
                            <p xml:lang=""/>
                        </acquisition>
                    </history>
                    <msPart n="r">
                        <msIdentifier/>
                        <msContents>
                            <summary n="r">
                                <seg xml:lang="en">Obverse</seg>
                            </summary>
                            <textLang n="r" mainLang="" otherLangs="">
                                <seg xml:lang=""/>
                            </textLang>
                        </msContents>
                        <physDesc>
                            <objectDesc>
                                <layoutDesc>
                                    <layout n="r">
                                        <dimensions type="written" unit="mm">
                                            <dim type="diameter">26</dim>
                                        </dimensions>
                                        <p xml:lang="fr">Iconographie avec légende en colonnes</p>
                                        <p xml:lang="en">Iconography with legend in columns</p>
                                    </layout>
                                </layoutDesc>
                            </objectDesc>
                            <handDesc>
                                <handNote n="r">
                                    <seg xml:lang="en"/>
                                </handNote>
                            </handDesc>
                            <decoDesc>
                                <decoNote>
                                    <figure>
                                        <figDesc n="r" xml:lang="fr">Saint Michel à mi-corps, de face, d’une fi ne gravure, revêtu du
                                            lôros droit au pectoral formé d’une double rangée de perles, tenant en main droite un sceptre terminé par trois
                                            boules.</figDesc>
                                        <figDesc n="r" xml:lang="en">Saint Michel half-body, facing, with a fine engraving, wearing the right loros with a pectoral 
                                            formed by a double row of pearls, holding in his right hand a sceptre ending in three balls.</figDesc>
                                        <figDesc n="decoR" xml:lang="fr">Cercle de perles</figDesc>
                                        <figDesc n="decoR" xml:lang="en">Circle of pearls</figDesc>
                                    </figure>
                                </decoNote>
                            </decoDesc>
                        </physDesc>
                    </msPart>
                    <msPart n="v">
                        <msIdentifier/>
                        <msContents>
                            <summary n="v">
                                <seg xml:lang="en">Reverse</seg>
                            </summary>
                            <textLang n="v" mainLang="">
                                <seg xml:lang=""/>
                            </textLang>
                        </msContents>
                        <physDesc>
                            <objectDesc>
                                <layoutDesc>
                                    <layout n="v">
                                        <dimensions type="written" unit="mm">
                                            <dim type="diameter">26</dim>
                                        </dimensions>
                                        <p xml:lang="fr">Légende linéaire sur 5 lignes</p>
                                        <p xml:lang="en">Linear legend of 5 lines</p> 
                                    </layout>
                                </layoutDesc>
                            </objectDesc>
                            <handDesc>
                                <handNote n="v">
                                    <seg xml:lang=""/>
                                </handNote>
                            </handDesc>
                            <decoDesc>
                                <decoNote>
                                    <figure>
                                        <figDesc n="v" xml:lang="fr">Légende précédée d’une croisette</figDesc>
                                        <figDesc n="v" xml:lang="en">Legend preceded by a cross</figDesc>
                                        <figDesc n="decoV" xml:lang=""/>
                                    </figure>
                                </decoNote>
                            </decoDesc>
                        </physDesc>
                    </msPart>
                </msDesc>
            </sourceDesc>
        </fileDesc>
        <encodingDesc>
            <editorialDecl><p/></editorialDecl>
            <charDecl>     
                <glyph xml:id="cross">
                    <mapping type="standard">+</mapping>
                    <mapping type="simplified">(cross)</mapping>
                </glyph>
           </charDecl> 
        </encodingDesc>
        <profileDesc>
            <langUsage>
                <language ident="Grek">Greek script</language>
                <language ident="Latn">Latin script</language>
                <language ident="grc">Ancient Greek language (to 1453; assumed to be in its standard script: Grek)</language>
                <language ident="la">Latin language (assumed to be in its standard script: Latn)</language>
                <language ident="grc-Latn">Ancient Greek Language (to 1453), rendered in Latin script</language>
                <language ident="la-Grek">Latin written in Greek script</language>
            </langUsage>
        </profileDesc>
        <revisionDesc>
            <change when="2023-06-23" who="#AS"/>
            <change when="2024-05-29" who="#NB">Filled in metadata in new template</change>
        </revisionDesc>
      </teiHeader>
      <facsimile>
          <surfaceGrp>
              <surface n="r">
                  <desc>Obverse</desc>
                  <graphic url="https://www.abcde.com" type="digital">
                      <desc>Digital image of the obverse (2019).</desc>
                  </graphic>
              </surface>
              <surface n="v">
                  <desc>Reverse</desc>
                  <graphic url="https://www.abcde.com" type="digital">
                      <desc>Digital image of the reverse (2019).</desc>
                  </graphic>
              </surface>
          </surfaceGrp>
      </facsimile>
      <text>
          <body>
              <div type="edition" subtype="editorial" xml:space="preserve">
   <div type="textpart" subtype="sigla" n="obv" rend="columns" xml:lang="grc">
                      <ab>
                            <cb n="a"/><expan><abbr>Μι
                          <cb n="b"/>χα</abbr><ex>ήλ</ex></expan>
                      </ab>
       </div>
                <div type="textpart" subtype="face" n="obv" rend="circular" xml:lang="grc">
                <ab>
               <lb n="1"/>+ <expan><abbr>Κ</abbr><ex>ύρι</ex><abbr>ε</abbr></expan> <expan><abbr>βοήθ</abbr><ex>ει</ex></expan> τῷ σῷ <expan><abbr>δ</abbr><ex>ούλῳ</ex></expan> 
                </ab>
                </div>
                  <div type="textpart" subtype="face" n="rev" rend="linear" xml:lang="grc">
                      <ab>
                        <lb n="2"/>+ Μινᾷ 
                          <lb n="3"/>τῷ <expan><abbr>θ</abbr><ex>ε</ex><abbr>ωφι
                          <lb n="4" break="no"/>λεστάτ</abbr><ex>ῳ</ex></expan> <expan><abbr>ἐ</abbr>
                          <lb n="5" break="no"/><supplied reason="lost"><abbr>πι</abbr></supplied><abbr>σκ</abbr><ex>όπῳ</ex></expan> Τρά
                          <lb n="6" break="no"/><supplied reason="lost">λ</supplied>λης
                      </ab>

                  </div>
                          </div>
              <div type="edition" subtype="diplomatic" xml:space="preserve">
                 <div type="textpart" subtype="sigla" n="obv" rend="columns" xml:lang="grc">
                       <ab>
                      <lb n="0"/>Μ|ΙΧ|Α
                       </ab>
                     </div>   
                   <div type="textpart" subtype="face" n="obv" rend="circular" xml:lang="grc">
                <ab>
               <lb n="1"/>Κ̣Ε̣̣Ο̣ΗΘΤΣ̣̣Δ
                </ab>
                            </div>
                  <div type="textpart" subtype="face" n="rev" rend="linear" xml:lang="grc">
                     <ab>
                          
                           <lb n="1"/>Μ̣ΙΝΑ
                           <lb n="2"/>ΤΘ̅̅ΦΙ
                         <lb n="3"/>ΛΕΣΤΑΤΕ
                         <lb n="4"/>..Σ̣ΚΤΡΑ
                         <lb n="5"/>.Λ̣ΗΣ
                     </ab>
                  </div>
              </div>
              <div type="apparatus">
                  <listApp>
                      <app xml:lang=""/>
                  </listApp>
              </div>
              <div type="translation">
                  <p>  Μιχαήλ / + Κύριε βοήθει Κωνσταντίνῳ ἐλαχήστῳ Τηβεριουπόλεος.</p>
                  <p xml:lang="en">Michael. Lord help Constantine, the smallest,  metropolitan of Tiberioupolis.</p>
                  <p xml:lang="fr">Seigneur aide Constantin, le plus petit, métropolite de Tibérioupolis.</p>
              </div>
         
              <div type="commentary" subtype="text">
                  <p xml:lang="fr">La première lettre du nom du prélat est écrasée, mais la lecture semble assurée.
L’alternative, Μιχα(ήλ), qui justifierait le choix de l’iconographie du droit, paraît exclue, car il n’y a aucune
marque d’abréviation après le A, à la fin de la première ligne, et cette abréviation du nom serait au reste très
inhabituelle. La formule, τῷ θεοφιλεστάτῳ, se rencontre assez rarement sur les sceaux. On la trouve sur la
bulle de Jean, évêque de Rhaidestos[1], ou celle de Jean, métropolite de Sardes[2].
                  Il existe deux évêchés homonymes, situés à proximité l’un de l’autre, l’un dépendant de la métropole
de Sardes, l’autre de celle d’Ephèse, l’actuelle ville d’Aydın. Il n’y a pas de moyen sûr de trancher entre les deux
cités. Peut-être Mènas a-t-il voulu suivre le modèle d’un de ses supérieurs, Jean de Sardes.</p>
              </div>
              <div type="commentary" subtype="footnotes">
                  <p xml:lang="fr" xml:id="footnote-1">
                      [1] Laurent, <hi rend="italic">Corpus</hi> V/1, no 309.
                  </p>
                  <p xml:lang="fr" xml:id="footnote-2">
                      [2] Cette bulle est connue en plusieurs exemplaires, par exemple : ZACOS II, no 173.
                  </p>
              </div>
              <div type="bibliography" subtype="edition">
                  <p>
                      <bibl>
                          <ptr target="CheynetTatış"/>, <citedRange unit="page">304</citedRange>
                      </bibl>
                  </p>
              </div>
              <div type="bibliography" subtype="parallels"> 
                      <bibl>
                          <ptr target="xxx"/>, <citedRange unit="page"/>
                          
                      </bibl>
              </div>
          </body>
      </text>
</TEI>