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                <title xml:lang="fr">Sceau de Thomas, <hi rend="italic">anthypatos</hi> patrice,
                    protospathaire impérial et logothète du drome</title>
                <title xml:lang="en">Seal of Thomas, anthypatos patrikios, imperial protospatharios
                    and logothete of the drome</title>
                <editor role="seal-editor" xml:id="JCC">Jean-Claude Cheynet</editor>
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                    <orgName corresp="https://anr.fr/">Agence Nationale de la Recherche
                        (ANR)</orgName>, France / <orgName corresp="https://www.dfg.de/">Deutsche
                        Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG)</orgName>, Deutschland </funder>
                <principal>Alessio Sopracasa</principal>
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            <editionStmt>
                <edition>
                    <seg xml:lang="fr">Amélioration digitale</seg>
                    <seg xml:lang="en">Digital enhancement</seg>
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                <editor role="digital-editor" xml:id="SM" when="2024-04-02">Sima Meziridou</editor>
                <editor role="digital-editor" xml:id="AS" when="2024-10-17">Alessio
                    Sopracasa</editor>
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                <authority>ANR/DFG DigiByzSeal - Unlocking the Hidden Value of Seals: New
                    Methodologies for Historical Research in Byzantine Studies</authority>
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                            <forename>Θωμάς</forename>
                        </persName>
                        <persName xml:lang="fr">
                            <forename>Thomas</forename>
                        </persName>
                        <persName xml:lang="en">
                            <forename>Thomas</forename>
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                            <seg xml:lang="fr">Turquie</seg>
                            <seg xml:lang="en">Turkey</seg>
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                            <seg xml:lang="en"><placeName ref="https://www.geonames.org/311046/izmir.html">İzmir</placeName></seg>
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                            <rs type="collection-name" xml:lang="en"><persName role="collector" ref="https://viaf.org/viaf/48683064/">Yavuz Tatış</persName>
                                collection</rs>
                            <rs type="collection-name" xml:lang="fr">Collection <persName role="collector" ref="https://viaf.org/viaf/48683064/">Yavuz
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                            <seg xml:lang="en">Central administration</seg>
                            <seg xml:lang="fr">Administration centrale</seg>
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                                            <seg xml:lang="fr">Sceau</seg>
                                            <seg xml:lang="en">Seal</seg>
                                        </term>
                                        <interp type="workType" xml:lang="fr">Empreinte
                                            originale</interp>
                                        <interp type="workType" xml:lang="en">Original
                                            impression</interp>
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                                        <seg xml:lang="fr">Plomb</seg>
                                        <seg xml:lang="en">Lead</seg>
                                    </material>
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                                        <dim type="diameter">27</dim>
                                    </dimensions>
                                    <measure type="weight" unit="g">9,28</measure>
                                    <measure type="axis" unit="clock"/>
                                    <measure type="overstrikeOrient" unit="clock"/>
                                    <measure type="channelOrient" unit="clock">12-6</measure>
                                    <measure type="countermark" unit="clock"/>
                                </support>
                                <condition rend="crushed blank-too-small">
                                    <p xml:lang="fr">Flan un peu trop petit; légères échancrures aux
                                        orifices du canal; partiellement écrasé au revers.</p>
                                    <p xml:lang="en">Blank a little too small; slight indentations
                                        at the channel openings; partially crushed on the
                                        reverse.</p>
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                                        <seg xml:lang="fr">Frappé</seg>
                                        <seg xml:lang="en">Struck</seg>
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                                        <seg xml:lang="fr">Ronde</seg>
                                        <seg xml:lang="en">Round</seg>
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                            <origDate type="analysis" notBefore="0951" notAfter="1000" evidence="epigraphy prosopography" cert="high" resp="#JCC">
                                <seg xml:lang="fr">Xe siècle (seconde moitié)</seg>
                                <seg xml:lang="en">10th C., second half</seg>
                            </origDate>
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                            <placeName type="modernFindspot" ref="URI" xml:lang=""/>
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                                <seg xml:lang="en">Obverse</seg>
                            </summary>
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                                <seg xml:lang="fr">Grec byzantin</seg>
                                <seg xml:lang="en">Byzantine Greek</seg>
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                                        <dimensions type="written" unit="mm">
                                            <dim type="diameter">24,5</dim>
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                                        <p xml:lang="fr">Iconographie avec légende invocative
                                            circulaire commençant à la base de la croix, à 7</p>
                                        <p xml:lang="en">Iconography with circular invocative legend
                                            starting at the cross's basis, at 7</p>
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                                        <figDesc n="r" ana="cross patriarchal ornated on-steps fleurons" xml:lang="fr">Fine croix patriarcale, recroisetée à la
                                            plus grande traverse, élevée sur un globule puis trois
                                            degrés, ornée d’élégants fleurons issant de la base,
                                            s’enroulant sous la traverse inférieure puis s’élevant
                                            jusqu’au sommet, surmontés d’une fleur de part et
                                            d’autre du bras supérieur.</figDesc>
                                        <figDesc n="r" ana="cross patriarchal ornated on-steps fleurons" xml:lang="en">Fine patriarchal cross, recrossed at the
                                            largest crossbar, raised on a globe and three steps,
                                            adorned with elegant fleurons stemming from the base,
                                            winding under the lower crossbar then rising to the top,
                                            surmounted by a flower on either side of the upper
                                            arm.</figDesc>
                                        <figDesc n="decoR" xml:lang="fr">Cercle de perles; croisette
                                            au début de la légende.</figDesc>
                                        <figDesc n="decoR" xml:lang="en">Circle of pearls; crosslet
                                            at the beginning of the legend.</figDesc>
                                    </figure>
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                            <summary n="v">
                                <seg xml:lang="en">Reverse</seg>
                            </summary>
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                                <seg xml:lang="fr">Grec byzantin</seg>
                                <seg xml:lang="en">Byzantine Greek</seg>
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                                        <dimensions type="written" unit="mm">
                                            <dim type="diameter">24,5</dim>
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                                        <p xml:lang="fr">Légende linéaire sur 5 lignes</p>
                                        <p xml:lang="en">Linear legend of 5 lines</p>
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                                        <figDesc n="decoV" xml:lang="fr">Cercle de perles; une
                                            croisette précède la légende sur une même ligne; avant
                                            et après la légende, sur deux lignes séparées, fleur à
                                            six pétales.</figDesc>
                                        <figDesc n="decoV" xml:lang="en">Circle of pearls; a cross
                                            precedes the legend on the same line; before and after
                                            the legend, on two separate lines, a six-petal
                                            flower.</figDesc>
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                <language ident="Grek">Greek script</language>
                <language ident="Latn">Latin script</language>
                <language ident="grc">Ancient Greek language (to 1453; assumed to be in its standard
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                <language ident="la">Latin language (assumed to be in its standard script:
                    Latn)</language>
                <language ident="grc-Latn">Ancient Greek Language (to 1453), rendered in Latin
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            <change when="2024-04-12" who="#SM">Corrections on metadata</change>
            <change when="2024-04-03" who="#SM">Filled in comments and bibliography</change>
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                <desc>Obverse</desc>
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                    <desc>Digital image of the obverse (2019).</desc>
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                <desc>Reverse</desc>
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                    <desc>Digital image of the reverse (2019).</desc>
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        <body>
            <div type="edition" subtype="editorial" xml:space="preserve">
                  <div type="textpart" n="obv" subtype="face" rend="circular" xml:lang="grc"> 
                      <ab ana="dat"> 
                       <lb n="1"/>+<rs type="invocation" ref="#inv004"><expan><abbr>Κ</abbr><ex>ύρι</ex><abbr>ε</abbr></expan> βοήθει τῷ σῷ δούλῳ
</rs>                    </ab>
                  </div>
                  <div type="textpart" n="rev" subtype="face" rend="linear" xml:lang="grc">
                      <ab ana="dat">
                         <lb n="2"/>+<forename>Θωμᾷ</forename> 
                         <lb n="3"/><rs type="dignity" ref="#d0006"><expan><abbr>ἀνθυπ</abbr><ex>άτῳ</ex></expan>
                          <expan><supplied reason="lost"><abbr>π</abbr></supplied><abbr>α
                         <lb n="4" break="no"/>τρικ</abbr><ex>ίῳ</ex></expan></rs>
                          <rs type="dignity" ref="#d0067"><expan><abbr>β</abbr><ex>ασιλικῷ</ex></expan> 
                         <expan><abbr><am>A</am></abbr><ex>πρωτο</ex><abbr>σπ
                         <lb n="5" break="no"/>αθ</abbr><ex>αρίῳ</ex></expan></rs>
                          <expan><abbr><am>S</am></abbr><ex>καὶ</ex></expan>
                          <rs type="office" subtype="civil" ref="#of0116"><expan><abbr>λογοθ</abbr><ex>έτῃ</ex></expan></rs>
                         <lb n="6"/>τοῦ <rs type="institution" ref="#org0012"><expan><abbr>δρόμ</abbr><ex>ου</ex></expan></rs>
                               </ab>
                  </div>
              </div>
            <div type="edition" subtype="diplomatic" xml:space="preserve">
                  <div type="textpart" subtype="face" n="obv" rend="circular" xml:lang="grc">
                      <ab>
                          <lb n="1"/>ΚΕΟΘΕΙΤΣΟΥΛ
                      </ab>
                  </div>
                  <div type="textpart" subtype="face" n="rev" rend="linear" xml:lang="grc">
                      <ab>
                          <lb n="0"/>
                          <lb n="2"/>ΘΜ̣
                          <lb n="3"/>ΝΘΥΠˊ.  
                          <lb n="4"/>ΤΡΙΚˊˊΣ̣Π  
                          <lb n="5"/>ΘˊϗΛΟΓΟ̣Θˊ  
                          <lb n="6"/>ΤΡΟΜˊ 
                          <lb n="0"/>  
                      </ab>
                  </div>
              </div>
            <div type="apparatus">
                <listApp>
                    <app xml:lang=""/>
                </listApp>
            </div>
            <div type="translation">
                <p>+Κύριε βοήθει τῷ σῷ δούλῳ / +Θωμᾷ ἀνθυπάτῳ πατρικίῳ, βασιλικῷ πρωτοσπαθαρίῳ καὶ
                    λογοθέτῃ τοῦ δρόμου.</p>
                <p xml:lang="en">Lord help your servant Thomas anthypatos patrikios, imperial
                    protospatharios and logothete of the dromos.</p>
                <p xml:lang="fr">Seigneur aide ton serviteur Thomas anthypatos patrice,
                    protospathaire impérial et logothète du drome.</p>
            </div>
            <div type="commentary" subtype="text">
                <p xml:lang="fr">Il s’agit sans doute du même personnage, patrice, préposite,
                    protospathaire impérial et logothète du drome, connu par son sceau conservé en
                    plusieurs exemplaires [1]. C’est probablement ce même Thomas qui est mentionné,
                    avec cette dignité et cette fonction, dans la correspondance de Théodore
                    Daphnopatès, à une date qui correspond au règne de Romain II [2].</p>
            </div>
            <div type="commentary" subtype="footnotes">
                <p xml:lang="fr" xml:id="footnote-1"> [1]. Même disposition à l’avers, et au revers,
                    légende développée sur six lignes : +
                    +ΘΩΜΑ.|ΑΤΡΙΚΚ/ΠΡ|ΕΠΟΣΙΤ/ΑΣ|ΠΑΘ/ΛΟΓΟ|ΘΕΤΤΟΥΔ|ΡΟΜΟΥ. Les trois plombs, trouvés
                    en territoire bulgare (musées de Varna, Preslav, Sofia), ont été récemment
                    réédités (<bibl>
                        <ptr target="JordanovCorpus3"/>, <citedRange unit="part">840-842</citedRange>
                    </bibl>). Deux pièces parallèles de ces dernières sont encore à mentionner,
                    l’une dans la coll. Kofopoulos, no 1342 (<bibl><ptr target="Kofopoulos2022"/>,
                            <citedRange unit="part">2.123</citedRange></bibl>), l’autre signalée
                    dans <bibl>
                        <ptr target="SBS_Auctions2002-2006"/>, p. <citedRange unit="page">157</citedRange></bibl> (vente Classical Numismatic Group, Mail Bid
                    Sale 69 (8 juin 2005), lot no 2271, no 4). </p>
                <p xml:lang="fr" xml:id="footnote-2"> [2]. Toutes les références et commentaires
                    dans <bibl>
                        <ptr target="PmbZOnline"/>, <citedRange unit="entry"><ref target="https://www.degruyter.com/database/PMBZ/entry/PMBZ30467/html">Thomas 28312</ref></citedRange>
                    </bibl>
                </p>
            </div>
            <div type="bibliography" subtype="edition">
                <p>
                    <bibl>
                        <ptr target="CheynetTatış"/>, <citedRange unit="part">2.33</citedRange>.
                    </bibl>
                </p>
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