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                <title xml:lang="fr">Sceau de Constantin, protospathaire impérial et stratège du Péloponnèse (?)</title>
                <title xml:lang="en">Seal of Constantine, imperial protospatharios and strategos of Peloponnesos (?)</title>
                <editor role="seal-editor" xml:id="JCC">Jean-Claude Cheynet</editor>
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                    <orgName corresp="https://anr.fr/">Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR)</orgName>, France / <orgName corresp="https://www.dfg.de/">Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG)</orgName>, Deutschland
                </funder>
                <principal>Alessio Sopracasa</principal>
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                    <seg xml:lang="fr">Amélioration digitale</seg>
                    <seg xml:lang="en">Digital enhancement</seg>
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                <editor role="digital-editor" xml:id="NB" when="2024-05-15">Numa Buchs</editor>
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                <authority>ANR/DFG DigiByzSeal - Unlocking the Hidden Value of Seals: New
                    Methodologies for Historical Research in Byzantine Studies</authority>
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                            <forename>Κωνσταντίνος</forename>
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                            <forename>Constantin</forename>
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                            <seg xml:lang="fr">Turquie</seg>
                            <seg xml:lang="en">Turkey</seg>
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                            <seg xml:lang="fr">Izmir</seg>
                            <seg xml:lang="en">Izmir</seg>
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                                    <p xml:lang="fr">Modérément échancré aux orifices du canal ; flan rogné à la base ; légèrement oxydé</p>
                                    <p xml:lang="en">Moderately indented at the canal openings; flank clipped at the base; slightly oxidised</p>
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                                <seg xml:lang="fr">IXe siècle (fin)</seg>
                                <seg xml:lang="en">9th C. (end)</seg>
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                                        <figDesc n="r" xml:lang="fr">Petite croix patriarcale élevée sur deux ou trois
                                            degrés et dépourvue de tout ornement. A la circonférence, entre le cercle enfermant la croix et la bordure de perles
                                            limitant le champ tout entier, légende invocative commençant à la base.</figDesc>
                                        <figDesc n="r" xml:lang="en">Small patriarchal cross raised on two or three
                                            and devoid of any ornamentation. At the circumference, between the circle enclosing the cross and the border of pearls
                                            bounding the entire field, the invocative legend begins at the base.</figDesc>
                                        <figDesc n="decoR" xml:lang="fr">Nimbe de perles</figDesc>
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                <language ident="Grek">Greek script</language>
                <language ident="Latn">Latin script</language>
                <language ident="grc">Ancient Greek language (to 1453; assumed to be in its standard script: Grek)</language>
                <language ident="la">Latin language (assumed to be in its standard script: Latn)</language>
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            <change when="2023-06-23" who="#AS"/>
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                  <desc>Obverse</desc>
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                      <desc>Digital image of the obverse (2019).</desc>
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                 <div type="textpart" subtype="face" n="obv" rend="circular" xml:lang="grc">
                      <ab>
                          <lb n="1"/><expan><supplied reason="lost"><abbr>Κ</abbr><ex>ύρι</ex><abbr>ε</abbr></supplied></expan> <expan><supplied reason="lost"><abbr>β</abbr></supplied><abbr>οήθ</abbr><ex>ε</ex><abbr>ι</abbr></expan> τῷ σῷ <expan><abbr>δ</abbr><ex>ούλῳ</ex></expan>
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                      <ab>
                           <lb n="2"/>+ <expan><abbr>Κων
                           <lb n="3" break="no"/>σταντ</abbr><ex>ίνῳ</ex></expan> <expan><abbr>β</abbr><ex>ασιλικῷ</ex></expan> 
                           <lb n="4"/><expan><abbr><am><g ref="#alpha"/></am></abbr><ex>πρωτο</ex><abbr>σπαθαρ</abbr><ex>ίῳ</ex></expan> 
                           <lb n="5"/><expan><abbr><am><g ref="#kai"/></am></abbr><ex>καὶ</ex></expan> <expan><abbr>στρατ</abbr><ex>ηγῷ</ex></expan> <expan><abbr>Π
                           <lb n="6" break="no"/>ε</abbr><supplied reason="lost" cert="low"><abbr>λ</abbr><ex>ο</ex></supplied><abbr>π</abbr><supplied reason="lost" cert="low"><ex>οννήσου</ex></supplied></expan>
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                 <div type="textpart" subtype="face" n="obv" rend="monogram-cross" xml:lang="grc">
                       <ab>
                          <lb n="0"/>...ΟΗΘΙΤΣΔ/
                          
                       </ab>
                   </div>   
                 
                  <div type="textpart" subtype="face" n="rev" rend="linear" xml:lang="grc">
                     <ab>
                           <lb n="1"/>Κ
                         <lb n="2"/>ΣΤΝΤ//
                         <lb n="3"/>ΣΠΘΡ/
                         <lb n="4"/>ϗΣΤΡΤ/Π
                         <lb n="5"/>Ε.Π
                     </ab>
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              <div type="translation">
                  <p>Κύριε βοήθει τῷ σῷ δούλῳ / + Κωνσταντίνῳ βασιλικῷ πρωτοσπαθαρίῳ καὶ στρατηγῷ Πελοποννήσου.</p>
                  <p xml:lang="en">Lord help your servant, Constantine, imperial protospatharios and strategos of Peloponnesos.</p>
                  <p xml:lang="fr">Seigneur aide ton serviteur, Constantine, protospathaire impérial et stratège du Péloponnèse.</p>
              </div>
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                  <p xml:lang="fr">La croix patriarcale sans décor est caractéristique du règne de Basile Ier, mais continue
                      d’être représentée quelque temps après son règne. La lecture des lettres de la dernière ligne n’est pas assurée, elle
                      commence peut-être par E. On pourrait penser à la fonction de stratopédarque, mais celle-ci n’est pas attestée
                      avant 967, donc bien après la date présumée de la frappe du sceau. Il faut donc rechercher un stratège de thème,
                      commençant par P. Avant la multiplication des thèmes, on ne voit donc que le Péloponnèse ou la Paphlagonie ;
                      les traces de lettres qui suivent ne permettent pas de confi rmer cette dernière hypothèse et n’interdisent pas la
                      première, compte tenu de la déformation des lettres due à l’usure de la bulle en cet endroit.
                  </p>
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                  </p> 
                 
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                          <ptr target="CheynetTatış"/>, <citedRange unit="page">172</citedRange>
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