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                <title xml:lang="fr">Sceau de Paul, évêque de Eirènoupolis</title>
                <title xml:lang="en">Seal of Paul, bishop of Irenopolis</title>
                <editor role="seal-editor" xml:id="JCC">Jean-Claude Cheynet</editor>
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                    <orgName corresp="https://anr.fr/">Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR)</orgName>, France / <orgName corresp="https://www.dfg.de/">Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG)</orgName>, Deutschland
                </funder>
                <principal>Alessio Sopracasa</principal>
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                    <seg xml:lang="fr">Amélioration digitale</seg>
                    <seg xml:lang="en">Digital enhancement</seg>
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                <editor role="digital-editor" xml:id="NB" when="2024-05-28">Numa Buchs</editor>
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                <authority>ANR/DFG DigiByzSeal - Unlocking the Hidden Value of Seals: New
                    Methodologies for Historical Research in Byzantine Studies</authority>
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                            <forename>Paul</forename>
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                            <forename>Paul</forename>
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                            <seg xml:lang="fr">Turquie</seg>
                            <seg xml:lang="en">Turkey</seg>
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                            <seg xml:lang="en">Izmir</seg>
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                                        <interp type="workType" xml:lang="en">Original impression</interp>
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                                    <p xml:lang="fr">A peine échancré aux orifices du canal ; partiellement écrasé au centre du revers</p>
                                    <p xml:lang="en">Barely indented at the canal openings; partially crushed at the centre of the reverse side</p>
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                            <origDate type="analysis" notBefore="0681" notAfter="0700" evidence="epigraphy onomastics titulature" cert="high" resp="#JCC">
                                <seg xml:lang="fr">VIIe siècle (fin)</seg>
                                <seg xml:lang="en">7th C. (end)</seg>
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                                        <p xml:lang="fr">Iconographie avec légende en colonnes</p>
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                                    <figure>
                                        <figDesc n="r" xml:lang="fr">Buste de saint Jean, de face, à la longue barbe taillée en pointe,
                                            chevelure ramassée sur le sommet du crâne, dégageant les tempes, en tenue épiscopale, bénissant de la droite et
                                            tenant le Livre en main gauche. Il s’agit de saint Jean l’Evangéliste, sous les traits habituels du Théologien.</figDesc>
                                        <figDesc n="r" xml:lang="en">Bust of Saint John, facing, with a long pointed beard, hair gathered at the top of his head, 
                                            clearing his temples, in episcopal garb, blessing with his right and holding the Book in his left hand. holding the Book in his left hand. 
                                            It is Saint John the Evangelist, in the usual guise of the Theologian.</figDesc>
                                        <figDesc n="decoR" xml:lang="fr">Cercle de feuillage</figDesc>
                                        <figDesc n="decoR" xml:lang="en">Circle of foliage</figDesc>
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                                <seg xml:lang="en">Reverse</seg>
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                                        <p xml:lang="fr">Légende linéaire sur 6 lignes</p>
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                                        <figDesc n="v" xml:lang="en">Legend preceded by a cross</figDesc>
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                <language ident="Grek">Greek script</language>
                <language ident="Latn">Latin script</language>
                <language ident="grc">Ancient Greek language (to 1453; assumed to be in its standard script: Grek)</language>
                <language ident="la">Latin language (assumed to be in its standard script: Latn)</language>
                <language ident="grc-Latn">Ancient Greek Language (to 1453), rendered in Latin script</language>
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            <change when="2023-06-23" who="#AS"/>
            <change when="2024-05-28" who="#NB">Filled in metadata in new template</change>
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                  <desc>Obverse</desc>
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                      <desc>Digital image of the obverse (2019).</desc>
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  <div type="textpart" subtype="label" n="obv" rend="columns" xml:lang="grc"><!-- vérifier photo pour symbole ho hagios -->
                       <ab>
                          <cb n="a"/>Ὁ ἅγιος
                        <cb n="b"/>Ἰωάννις
                      </ab>
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                  <div type="textpart" subtype="face" n="rev" rend="linear" xml:lang="grc">
                      <ab>
                          <lb n="1"/>+ <expan><abbr>Θ</abbr><ex>εολόγ</ex><abbr>ε</abbr></expan>
                             <lb n="2"/>βοήθη Π
                             <lb n="3" break="no"/>α<supplied reason="lost">ύλ</supplied>ῳ ἐπι
                          <lb n="4" break="no"/>σκόπῳ Εἰ
                          <lb n="5" break="no"/>ρηνουπ
                                <lb n="6" break="no"/>όλεως
                               </ab>


                          </div>


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                 <div type="textpart" subtype="label" n="obv" rend="columns" xml:lang="grc">
                       <ab>
                      <lb n="0"/>|ΑΓ|ΙΟ|ΣΙ||Α̣Ν|ΝΙ|Σ
                       </ab>
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                  <div type="textpart" subtype="face" n="rev" rend="linear" xml:lang="grc">
                     <ab>
                          
                           <lb n="1"/>Θ̅Ε
                           <lb n="2"/>Α̣..̣ΕΠΙ 
                         <lb n="3"/>ΣΟΠΕΙ
                         <lb n="4"/>ΡΗΝΟΠ
                         <lb n="5"/>ΟΛΕΣ
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                  <p>Ὁ ἅγιος Ἰωάννις. / + Θεολόγε βοήθη Παύλῳ ἐπισκόπῳ Εἰρηνουπόλεως.</p>
                  <p xml:lang="en">Saint John. Theologian help Paul, bishop of Irenoupolis.</p>
                  <p xml:lang="fr">Saint Jean. Théologien aide Paul, évêque de Eirènoupolis.</p>
              </div>
         
              <div type="commentary" subtype="text">
                  <p xml:lang="fr">Les éditeurs du sceau de la
                      collection Zarnitz ont choisi de transcrire YE
                      par une invocation à la Vierge, ce qui est tout
                      à fait possible, même si l’abréviation normale
                      est 6Y6KE. L’appel au Théologien renverrait à
                      l’image protectrice du droit. La représentation
                      de saint Jean est l’une des rares représentations
                      d’une image accompagnée des sacra nomina,
                      qui est antérieure à l’iconoclasme.
                      Deux sièges de ce nom sont attestés, l’un près de Germanicée, sans doute la plupart du temps sous
                      domination arabe à cette date, et l’autre en Isaurie. Il se trouve que Paul, évêque d’Eirènoupolis, de la seconde
                      éparchie des Ciliciens, participait au concile in Trullo en 692. Il s’agit de notre sigillant.</p>
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                  <p xml:lang="fr" xml:id="footnote-1">
                    
                  </p> 
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                      <bibl>
                          <ptr target="CheynetTatış"/>, <citedRange unit="page">291-292</citedRange>
                      </bibl>
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              <div type="bibliography" subtype="parallels"> 
                      <bibl>
                          <ptr target="xxx"/>, <citedRange unit="page"/>
                          <!--(α) Munich, Staadtliche Münzsammlung, fonds Zarnitz, inv. 312 ; (β) vente Münz 78 (septembre 1994), no 795 (SBS 6, 1999, p. 151) ;
(γ) Vente Sternberg 29 (octobre 1995), no 546 (SBS 6, 1999, p. 159) ; (δ) vente Gorny 79 (octobre 1996), no 795 (SBS 6, 1999, p. 120).
Ed. des // : (α) seibt – ZArnitZ, Bleisiegel, no 5.2.12 ; (β) sode, Bleisiegel II, no 381.-->
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