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                <title xml:lang="fr">Sceau d'Euthyme, archevêque d’Éphèse et syncelle</title>
                <title xml:lang="en">Seal of Euthymios, archbishop of Ephesos and synkellos</title>
                <editor role="seal-editor" xml:id="JCC">Jean-Claude Cheynet</editor>
                <funder>
                    <orgName corresp="https://anr.fr/">Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR)</orgName>, France / <orgName corresp="https://www.dfg.de/">Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG)</orgName>, Deutschland
                </funder>
                <principal>Alessio Sopracasa</principal>
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                    <seg xml:lang="fr">Amélioration digitale</seg>
                    <seg xml:lang="en">Digital enhancement</seg>
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                <editor role="digital-editor" xml:id="NB" when="2024-05-28">Numa Buchs</editor>
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                <authority>ANR/DFG DigiByzSeal - Unlocking the Hidden Value of Seals: New
                    Methodologies for Historical Research in Byzantine Studies</authority>
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                            <forename>Ευθύμιος</forename>
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                            <forename>Euthyme</forename>
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                            <forename>Euthymios</forename>
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                            <seg xml:lang="fr">Turquie</seg>
                            <seg xml:lang="en">Turkey</seg>
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                        <settlement>
                            <seg xml:lang="fr">Izmir</seg>
                            <seg xml:lang="en">Izmir</seg>
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                            <seg xml:lang="fr">Église séculière</seg>
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                                            <seg xml:lang="en">Seal</seg>
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                                        <interp type="workType" xml:lang="fr">Empreinte originale</interp>
                                        <interp type="workType" xml:lang="en">Original impression</interp>
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                                        <seg xml:lang="en">Lead</seg>
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                                    <p xml:lang="fr">Echancré aux orifices du canal ; grosse échancrure sur un quart du flan ; légers points d’écrasement</p>
                                    <p xml:lang="en">Notched at the canal openings; large notch over a quarter of the blank; slight crushing marks</p>
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                            <origDate type="analysis" notBefore="1026" notAfter="1050" evidence="epigraphy onomastics titulature" cert="high" resp="#JCC">
                                <seg xml:lang="fr">XIe siècle (deuxième quart)</seg>
                                <seg xml:lang="en">11th C. (second quarter)</seg>
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                                        <p xml:lang="fr">Iconographie avec légende en colonnes</p>
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                                    <figure>
                                        <figDesc n="r" xml:lang="fr">Buste de saint Jean le Théologien, de face, tenant en main gauche
                                            le Livre de ses écrits, dont seule la partie supérieure, bordée de perles, est visible sur l’exemplaire 2102.</figDesc>
                                        <figDesc n="r" xml:lang="en">Bust of Saint John the Theologian, front view, holding in his left hand the Book of his writings, 
                                            of which only the upper part, bordered with pearls, is visible on copy 2102.</figDesc>
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                                <seg xml:lang="en">Reverse</seg>
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                                        <p xml:lang="fr">Légende linéaire sur 6 lignes</p>
                                        <p xml:lang="en">Linear legend of 6 lines</p> 
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                                        <figDesc n="v" xml:lang="fr">Légende précédée d’une croisette, la dernière ligne est accostée de tirets</figDesc>
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                <language ident="Grek">Greek script</language>
                <language ident="Latn">Latin script</language>
                <language ident="grc">Ancient Greek language (to 1453; assumed to be in its standard script: Grek)</language>
                <language ident="la">Latin language (assumed to be in its standard script: Latn)</language>
                <language ident="grc-Latn">Ancient Greek Language (to 1453), rendered in Latin script</language>
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            <change when="2023-06-23" who="#AS"/>
            <change when="2024-05-28" who="#NB">Filled in metadata in new template</change>
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                  <desc>Obverse</desc>
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                      <desc>Digital image of the obverse (2019).</desc>
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                  <desc>Reverse</desc>
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   <div type="textpart" subtype="label" n="obv" rend="columns" xml:lang="grc">
                       <ab>
                          <cb n="a"/><supplied reason="lost"><expan><ex>Ὁ ἅγιος</ex></expan></supplied> <supplied reason="lost"><expan><abbr>Ἰω</abbr><ex>άννης</ex></expan></supplied> ὁ<!-- vérifier sur photo position de l'article -->
                        <cb n="b"/><expan><abbr>Θε</abbr><ex>ο</ex><abbr>λ</abbr><ex>όγος</ex></expan>
                      </ab>
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                  <div type="textpart" subtype="face" n="rev" rend="linear" xml:lang="grc">
                      <ab>
                          <lb n="1"/>+ <expan><abbr>Κ</abbr><ex>ύρι</ex><abbr>ε</abbr></expan> <expan><abbr>β</abbr><ex>οή</ex><abbr>θ</abbr><ex>ει</ex></expan>
                             <lb n="2"/><expan><abbr>Εὐθυμ</abbr><ex>ί</ex><abbr>ῳ</abbr></expan>
                             <lb n="3"/><expan><abbr>ἀρχηεπι
                          <lb n="4" break="no"/>σκόπ</abbr><ex>ῳ</ex></expan> <expan><abbr>Ἐφέ
                            <lb n="5"/>σ</abbr><ex>ου</ex></expan> <expan><abbr><am><g type="kai1"/></am></abbr><ex>καὶ</ex></expan> <expan><abbr>συγκ</abbr><ex>έ</ex>
                               <lb n="6" break="no"/><abbr>λ</abbr><ex>λῳ</ex></expan>
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            </div>
              <div type="edition" subtype="diplomatic" xml:space="preserve">
                 <div type="textpart" subtype="label" n="obv" rend="columns" xml:lang="grc">
                       <ab>
                      <lb n="0"/>...Σ̣ΟΥ
                       </ab>
                     </div>   
                  <div type="textpart" subtype="face" n="rev" rend="linear" xml:lang="grc">
                     <ab>
                          
                           <lb n="1"/>ΘΕΟ
                           <lb n="2"/>Δ̣Ρ̣Α 
                         <lb n="3"/>Ν̣ΑΞΙΕ 
                         <lb n="4"/>.ΙΣΚΟΠ
                         <lb n="5"/>Ο̣.
                     </ab>
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                  <p>Ὁ ἅγιος Ἰωάννης ὁ Θεολόγος. / + Κύριε βοήθει Εὐθυμίῳ ἀρχιεπισκόπǫ Ἐφέσου καὶ συγγέλλῳ.</p>
                  <p xml:lang="en">John the Theologian. Lord help Euthymios, archbishop of Ephesos and synkellos.</p>
                  <p xml:lang="fr">Jean le Théologien. Seigneur aide Euthyme, archevêque d’Éphèse et syncelle.</p>
              </div>
         
              <div type="commentary" subtype="text">
                  <p xml:lang="fr">Il s’agit bien de deux sceaux différents d’un même
                      personnage. La fin de la légende du premier exemplaire n’est pas claire, mais le sens est assuré grâce au
                      second plomb. Le personnage est attesté dans la <hi rend="italic">Vie</hi> de saint Lazare le Galésiote, contemporain de Constantin
                      Monomaque. La chronologie des archevêques d’Ephèse a été revue par Denis Feissel[1].</p>
              </div>
              <div type="commentary" subtype="footnotes">
                  <p xml:lang="fr" xml:id="footnote-1">
                      [1] D. Feissel, Les métropolites d’Ephèse au xie siècle et les inscriptions de l’archevêque Théodôros, <hi rend="italic">Byzantium State and Society</hi>, in
                      Memory of Nikos Oikonomides, ed. A. Avramea, A. Laiou, E. Chrysos, Athènes 2003, p. 245.
                  </p> 
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                      <bibl>
                          <ptr target="CheynetTatış"/>, <citedRange unit="page">294-295</citedRange>
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                          <ptr target="xxx"/>, <citedRange unit="page"/>
                          
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