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                <title xml:lang="fr">Sceau de Nicétas, chartophylax</title>
                <title xml:lang="en">Seal of Niketas, chartophylax</title>
                <editor role="seal-editor" xml:id="JCC">Jean-Claude Cheynet</editor>
                <funder>
                    <orgName corresp="https://anr.fr/">Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR)</orgName>, France / <orgName corresp="https://www.dfg.de/">Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG)</orgName>, Deutschland
                </funder>
                <principal>Alessio Sopracasa</principal>
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                <edition>
                    <seg xml:lang="fr">Amélioration digitale</seg>
                    <seg xml:lang="en">Digital enhancement</seg>
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                <editor role="digital-editor" xml:id="NB" when="2024-05-24">Numa Buchs</editor>
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                <authority>ANR/DFG DigiByzSeal - Unlocking the Hidden Value of Seals: New
                    Methodologies for Historical Research in Byzantine Studies</authority>
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                            <forename>Νικήτας</forename>
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                            <forename>Nicétas</forename>
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                            <forename>Niketas</forename>
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                        <idno type="PBW" ana="https://pbw2016.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/person/155065/">PBW Niketas 20147</idno>
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                            <seg xml:lang="fr">Turquie</seg>
                            <seg xml:lang="en">Turkey</seg>
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                        <settlement>
                            <seg xml:lang="fr">Izmir</seg>
                            <seg xml:lang="en">Izmir</seg>
                        </settlement>
                        <institution/> 
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                        <collection type="private" xml:lang="en" ref="URI"><rs type="collection-name" xml:lang="en">
                            <persName role="issuer" ref="https://viaf.org/viaf/48683064/">Yavuz Tatış</persName> collection
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                        <idno type="inv-nr-current">2640</idno>
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                            <seg xml:lang="en">Secular Church</seg>
                            <seg xml:lang="fr">Église séculière</seg>
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                                            <seg xml:lang="fr">Sceau</seg>
                                            <seg xml:lang="en">Seal</seg>
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                                        <interp type="workType" xml:lang="fr">Empreinte originale</interp>
                                        <interp type="workType" xml:lang="en">Original impression</interp>
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                                        <seg xml:lang="fr">Plomb</seg>
                                        <seg xml:lang="en">Lead</seg>
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                                        <dim type="diameter">29</dim>
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                                    <measure type="weight" unit="g">18,27</measure>
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                                    <measure type="overstrikeOrient" unit="clock"/>
                                    <measure type="channelOrient" unit="clock">12-6</measure>
                                    <measure type="countermark" unit="clock"/>
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                                <condition rend="blank-too-small"> 
                                    <p xml:lang="fr">Flan trop petit, rogné et cassé tout au pourtour ; belle gravure</p>
                                    <p xml:lang="en">Blank too small, trimmed and broken all round; beautiful engraving</p>
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                                        <seg xml:lang="fr">Frappé</seg>
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                            <origDate type="analysis" notBefore="1051" notAfter="1100" evidence="epigraphy onomastics parallel" cert="high" resp="#JCC">
                                <seg xml:lang="fr">XIe siècle (seconde moitié)</seg>
                                <seg xml:lang="en">11th C. (second half)</seg>
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                        <provenance type="found" subtype="discovered"> 
                            <placeName type="ancientFindspot" ref="https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/857028" xml:lang="fr">Néoclaudiopolis</placeName>
                            <placeName type="ancientFindspot" ref="https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/857028" xml:lang="en">Neoklaudiopolis</placeName>
                            <placeName type="modernFindspot" ref="https://www.geonames.org/738167/vezirkoeprue.html" xml:lang="fr">Vezirköprü</placeName>
                            <placeName type="modernFindspot" ref="https://www.geonames.org/738167/vezirkoeprue.html" xml:lang="en">Vezirköprü</placeName>
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                                <seg xml:lang="en">Obverse</seg>
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                                            <dim type="diameter">29</dim>
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                                        <p xml:lang="fr">Iconographie avec légende en colonnes</p>
                                        <p xml:lang="en">Iconography with legend in columns</p>
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                                        <figDesc n="r" xml:lang="fr">Vierge
                                            Hodègètria à mi-corps, tenant sur le bras gauche l’Enfant au nimbe crucigère</figDesc>
                                        <figDesc n="r" xml:lang="en">Virgin Hodegetria, half-length, holding on her left arm the Child with cruciger nimbus</figDesc>
                                        <figDesc n="decoR" xml:lang="fr">Bordure de perles</figDesc>
                                        <figDesc n="decoR" xml:lang="en">Border of pearls</figDesc>
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                                <seg xml:lang="en">Reverse</seg>
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                                        </dimensions>
                                        <p xml:lang="fr">Légende linéaire sur 5 lignes</p>
                                        <p xml:lang="en">Linear legend of 5 lines</p> 
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                <language ident="Grek">Greek script</language>
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                <language ident="la">Latin language (assumed to be in its standard script: Latn)</language>
                <language ident="grc-Latn">Ancient Greek Language (to 1453), rendered in Latin script</language>
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            <change when="2023-06-23" who="#AS"/>
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                  <desc>Obverse</desc>
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                      <desc>Digital image of the obverse (2019).</desc>
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    <div type="textpart" subtype="sigla" n="obv" rend="columns" xml:lang="grc">
                       <ab>
                          <cb n="a"/><supplied reason="lost" cert="low"><expan><abbr>Μ</abbr><ex>ήτ</ex><abbr>ηρ</abbr></expan></supplied>
                        <cb n="b"/><expan><abbr>Θ</abbr><ex>εο</ex><abbr>ῦ</abbr></expan>
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                          <l>
                              <lb n="1"/>+ Νική
                             <lb n="2" break="no"/>ταν ἁγνὴ 
                             <lb n="3"/>χαρτοφύ
                          <lb n="4" break="no"/>λακα σκέ
                          <lb n="5" break="no"/>ποις
                          </l>
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                 <div type="textpart" subtype="sigla" n="obv" rend="columns" xml:lang="grc">
                       <ab>
                      <lb n="0"/>..Θ̅Υ
                       </ab>
                     </div>   
                      
                 
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                     <ab>
                           <lb n="1"/>
                             <lb n="2"/>ΝΙΗ
                           <lb n="3"/>Τ̣ΑΝΑΓΝΗ
                           <lb n="4"/>ΧΑΡΤΟΦ̣Υ
                         <lb n="5"/>ΛΑΑΣΕ
                         <lb n="6"/>ΠΟΙΣ
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                  <p>Μήτηρ Θεοῦ. / + Νικήταν ἁγνὴ χαρτοφύλακα σκέποις.</p>
                  <p xml:lang="en">Mother of God. Pure one, protect Niketas, chartophylax.</p>
                  <p xml:lang="fr">Mère de Dieu. O Vierge protège Nicétas, <hi rend="italic">chartophylax</hi>.</p>
              </div>
         
              <div type="commentary" subtype="text">
                  <p xml:lang="fr">Ce sceau, connu en de nombreux exemplaires, doit être attribué, selon V.
                      Laurent, au second des trois homonymes qui exercèrent cette charge en un siècle. Nicétas était actif en 1076/1077
                      et déjà remplacé avant 1081. Le seul point un peu étonnant, c’est que les homonymes n’ont pas laissé de bulles, or
                      le chef de la chancellerie patriarcale était le personnage susceptible de sceller le plus grand nombre de documents
                      après le patriarche. Il est certain que les bulles où le chartophylax Nicétas se déclare aussi diacre doivent bien
                      être attribuées à ce second homonyme puisqu’il est attesté avec cette fonction. L’absence de cette mention sur
                      notre sceau pourrait faire penser qu’il s’agit du premier Nicétas, actif vers 1050, mais celui-ci était protosyncelle,
                      dignité ecclésiastique qu’il n’aurait pas manqué de mentionner sur son sceau.</p>
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                  <p xml:lang="fr" xml:id="footnote-1">
                  </p> 
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                  <p>
                      <bibl>
                          <ptr target="CheynetTatış"/>, <citedRange unit="page">281-282</citedRange>
                      </bibl>
                  </p>
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              <div type="bibliography" subtype="parallels"> 
                      <bibl>
                          <ptr target="xxx"/>, <citedRange unit="page"/>
                          <!--(α) Athènes, musée Bénaki, d’après Laurent ; (β) DO 47.2.290 ; (γ) Musée de Moscou, anc. coll. Lichacev ; (δ) anc. coll. Zacos, dont
(BnF) 3228 et 3229 inédits, et musée de Genève, inv. CdN 2004-323 ; (ε) Aphrodisias.
Diverses pièces présentées en ventes : Ventes Hirsch 181 (février 1994) no 1034, puis Münz 78 (septembre 1994) no 805 (SBS 6, 1999,
p. 152) ; Münz 91 (septembre 1997), no 797 (SBS 8, 2003, p. 235) ; vente Pecunem 18 (juin 2014), no 1087 ; vente Naumann 56 (5-8-
2017) no 805.
Ed. des // : (α, β) lAurent, Bulles métriques, no 251 ; lAurent, Corpus V/1, no 93 (mention des éd. antérieures) ; (γ) Lichačev, Ist. Znač.,
Appendice V, no 12 (Moscou II, no 16) ; (δ) ZACos II, no 647 ; vente Spink 127, no 37 ; CAMpAgnolo-pothitou – Cheynet, Sceaux Zacos,
no 260 ; (ε) J. nesbitt, Byzantine Lead Seals from Aphrodisias, DOP 37, 1983, p. 162, no 7 ; mention dans WAssiliou-seibt, Metrische
Legenden II, no 1476..-->
                      </bibl>
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