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                <title xml:lang="fr">Sceau de Pétronas, patrice et comte de l’Opsikion impérial gardé de Dieu</title>
                <title xml:lang="en">Seal of Petronas, patrikios and count of the guarded by God imperial Opsikion</title>
                <editor role="seal-editor" xml:id="JCC">Jean-Claude Cheynet</editor>
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                    <orgName corresp="https://anr.fr/">Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR)</orgName>, France / <orgName corresp="https://www.dfg.de/">Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG)</orgName>, Deutschland
                </funder>
                <principal>Alessio Sopracasa</principal>
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                    <seg xml:lang="fr">Amélioration digitale</seg>
                    <seg xml:lang="en">Digital enhancement</seg>
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                <editor role="digital-editor" xml:id="SM" when="2024-04-17">Sima Meziridou</editor>
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                <authority>ANR/DFG DigiByzSeal - Unlocking the Hidden Value of Seals: New
                    Methodologies for Historical Research in Byzantine Studies</authority>
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                            <forename>Πετρωνᾶς</forename>
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                            <forename>Pétronas</forename>               
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                            <forename>Petronas</forename>  
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                            <seg xml:lang="fr">Turquie</seg>
                            <seg xml:lang="en">Turkey</seg>
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                        <settlement>
                            <seg xml:lang="fr">Izmir</seg>
                            <seg xml:lang="en">Izmir</seg>
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                            <persName role="issuer" ref="https://viaf.org/viaf/48683064/">Yavuz Tatış</persName> collection
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                            <seg xml:lang="en">Provincial administration</seg>
                            <seg xml:lang="fr">Administration provinciale</seg>
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                                            <seg xml:lang="fr">Sceau</seg>
                                            <seg xml:lang="en">Seal</seg>
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                                        <interp type="workType" xml:lang="fr">Empreinte originale</interp>
                                        <interp type="workType" xml:lang="en">Original impression</interp>
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                                        <seg xml:lang="fr">Plomb</seg>
                                        <seg xml:lang="en">Lead</seg>
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                                        <dim type="diameter">26</dim>
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                                    <measure type="weight" unit="g">12,03</measure> 
                                    <measure type="axis" unit="clock"/>
                                    <measure type="overstrikeOrient" unit="clock"/>
                                    <measure type="channelOrient" unit="clock">12-6</measure>
                                    <measure type="countermark" unit="clock"/>
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                                <condition rend="not-centered"> 
                                    <p xml:lang="fr">Nettes échancrures aux orifices du canal ; décentré vers la gauche à l’avers ; usé sur le bord du revers.</p>
                                    <p xml:lang="en">Clear indentations at the channel holes; off-center to the left on the obverse; worn on the edge of the reverse.</p>
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                            <origDate type="analysis" notBefore="0701" notAfter="0800" evidence="epigraphy" cert="high" resp="#JCC">
                                <seg xml:lang="fr">VIIIe siècle</seg>
                                <seg xml:lang="en">8th C.</seg>
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                                <seg xml:lang="en">Obverse</seg>
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                                        <dimensions type="written" unit="mm">
                                            <dim type="diameter">26</dim>
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                                        <p xml:lang="fr">Monogramme cruciforme</p>
                                        <p xml:lang="en">Cruciform monogram</p> 
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                                        <figDesc n="r" xml:lang=""/>
                                        <figDesc n="decoR" xml:lang="fr">Cercle de feuillage</figDesc>
                                        <figDesc n="decoR" xml:lang="en">Circle of foliage</figDesc>
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                                </decoNote>
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                                <seg xml:lang="en">Reverse</seg>
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                                        <dimensions type="written" unit="mm">
                                            <dim type="diameter">26</dim>
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                                        <p xml:lang="fr">Légende linéaire sur 6 lignes</p>
                                        <p xml:lang="en">Linear legend of 6 lines</p> 
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                                        <figDesc n="v" xml:lang=""/>
                                        <figDesc n="decoV" xml:lang="fr">Cercle de feuillage</figDesc>
                                        <figDesc n="decoV" xml:lang="en">Circle of foliage</figDesc>
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                <language ident="Grek">Greek script</language>
                <language ident="Latn">Latin script</language>
                <language ident="grc">Ancient Greek language (to 1453; assumed to be in its standard script: Grek)</language>
                <language ident="la">Latin language (assumed to be in its standard script: Latn)</language>
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            <change when="2023-06-23" who="#AS"/>
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              <surface n="r">
                  <desc>Obverse</desc>
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                      <desc>Digital image of the obverse (2019).</desc>
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                   <div type="textpart" subtype="face" n="obv" rend="monogram-cross" xml:lang="grc">
                       <ab>
                          <lb n="1"/><expan><ex>Κύριε βοήθει</ex></expan> <supplied reason="lost">τῷ</supplied> <supplied reason="lost">σῷ</supplied> <supplied reason="lost">δ</supplied>ούλῳ
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                      <ab>
                          <lb n="2"/><supplied reason="lost">Πε</supplied>
                          <lb n="3" break="no"/><supplied reason="lost">τρ</supplied>ονᾷ <expan><abbr>π</abbr>
                          <lb n="4" break="no"/><supplied reason="lost"><abbr>ατ</abbr></supplied><abbr>ρικ</abbr><ex>ίῳ</ex></expan> <expan><abbr><am><g ref="#kai"/></am></abbr><ex>καὶ</ex></expan> <expan><abbr>κό</abbr>
                          <lb n="5" break="no"/><supplied reason="lost"><abbr>μ</abbr><ex>ητι</ex></supplied></expan> <supplied reason="lost">τ</supplied>οῦ <expan><abbr>θεοφ
                          <lb n="6" break="no"/>υλ</abbr><ex>άκτου</ex></expan> <expan><abbr>β</abbr><ex>ασιλικοῦ</ex></expan> Ὀψι
                          <lb n="7" break="no"/><supplied reason="lost">κί</supplied>ου
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                 <div type="textpart" subtype="face" n="obv" rend="monogram-cross" xml:lang="grc">
                       <ab>
                          <lb n="1"/>.–Ρ–Η–Β–Θ–..–..–.Λ <!-- B not found in Athena ruby palette -->
                       </ab>
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                  <div type="textpart" subtype="face" n="rev" rend="linear" xml:lang="grc">
                     <ab>
                          
                          <lb n="2"/>..
                          <lb n="3"/>..ΟΝΑΠ
                          <lb n="4"/>..ΡΙΚϗΚΟ
                          <lb n="5"/>..ΘΕΟ
                         <lb n="6"/>ΥΛ/Β/ΟΨΙ
                         <lb n="7"/>..ΟΥ
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              <div type="translation">
                  <p>Κύριε βοήθει τῷ σῷ δούλῳ / + Πετρονᾷ πατρικίῳ καὶ κομήτι τοῦ Θεοφυλάκτου βασιλικοῦ Ὀψικίου.</p>
                  <p xml:lang="en">Lord help your servant Petronas patrikios and count of the guarded by God imperial Opsikion.</p>
                  <p xml:lang="fr">Seigneur aide ton serviteur Pétronas patrice et comte de l’Opsikion impérial gardé de Dieu.</p>
              </div>
              <div type="commentary" subtype="text">
                  <p xml:lang="fr">Aucune des pièces parallèles n’a conservé intacte la dernière
                      ligne, pas plus que notre plomb. Leurs éditeurs ont restitué le nom dans son
                      intégralité OΨΙ|ΚΙΟV. Sur notre plomb, on peut distinguer les deux dernières lettres
                      de Ὀψικίου et confirmer cette lecture.
                      Le sceau Fogg 965, de même avers, porte la même légende, dans une
                      répartition différente, avec la graphie complète du thème :
                      ....|ΟΝΑΠΑΤΡ|ΙΚSΚΟΜΙ|Τ/ΤΟΥΘ/Β/ΟΨ|ΙΚΙΟΥ. Le nom est incomplet, mais ses éditeurs
                      (<hi rend="italic">DOSeals</hi> 3.39.34) l’ont rapporté au même Pétronas, car le type de gravure est
                      très proche. Notre sigillant pourrait être identifi é au Pétronas, comte de l’Opsikion,
                      présent au Septième Concile oecuménique en 787, dont les Actes donnent la titulature
                      offi cielle sous sa forme la plus complète : Πετρωνᾶ τοῦ πανευφήμου ἀπὸ ὑπάτων
                      πατρικίου καὶ κόμητος τοῦ θεοφυλάκτου βασιλικοῦ Ὀψικίου [1].
                  </p>
              </div>
              <div type="commentary" subtype="footnotes">
                  <p xml:lang="fr" xml:id="footnote-1">
                      [1]. Haldon, <hi rend="italic">Praetorians</hi>, p. 360-361, no 14 ; <hi rend="italic">PmbZ</hi>, no 5920.
                  </p> 
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                      <bibl>
                          <ptr target="CheynetTatış"/>, <citedRange unit="page">145</citedRange>
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              </div>
              <div type="bibliography" subtype="parallels"> <!-- // : (α) DO 55.1.1131 ; (β) Fogg 976 ; (γ) DO 58.106.1914 ; (δ) musée d’Afyon.
Ed. des // : (β) ZACos – veglery, no 2603 ; (γ) ZACos – veglery, no 2315b ; (α, β, γ) DOSeals 3.39.33a, b, c ; (δ) bulgurlu – ilAsli,
Afyon, p. 138, no 14. -->
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