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                <title xml:lang="fr">Sceau de Michel, <hi rend="italic">o tou</hi> Euthymiou, magistre, vestès et juge des Thracésiens</title>
                <title xml:lang="en">Seal of Michael, <hi rend="italic">o tou</hi> Efthymiou, magistros, vestes and judge of Thrakesion</title>
                <editor role="seal-editor" xml:id="JCC">Jean-Claude Cheynet</editor>
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                </funder>
                <principal>Alessio Sopracasa</principal>
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                    <seg xml:lang="fr">Amélioration digitale</seg>
                    <seg xml:lang="en">Digital enhancement</seg>
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                <editor role="digital-editor" xml:id="NB" when="2024-05-13">Numa Buchs</editor>
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                <authority>ANR/DFG DigiByzSeal - Unlocking the Hidden Value of Seals: New
                    Methodologies for Historical Research in Byzantine Studies</authority>
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                            <forename>Μιχαὴλ</forename>
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                            <forename>Michel</forename>
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                            <forename>Michael</forename>
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                                    <p xml:lang="fr">Très fortement échancré à l’orifice inférieur du canal au revers ; écrasé et oxydé dans la moitié
                                        inférieure du flan.</p>
                                    <p xml:lang="en">Very strongly indented at the lower orifice of the channel on the reverse; crushed and oxidised in the lower half
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                                        <p xml:lang="fr">Iconographie avec légende en colonnes</p>
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                                        <figDesc n="r" xml:lang="fr">Saint Michel de face, en buste, ailes éployées finement empenées,
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                                            sceptre au manche bouleté sous la terminaison trifoliée.</figDesc>
                                        <figDesc n="r" xml:lang="en">Saint Michael, full face, bust, wings outstretched and finely feathered,
                                            wearing the right lôros, carrying a globe in his left hand and a sceptre in his right hand, the handle of which has a ball under the trifoliate end.</figDesc>
                                        <figDesc n="decoR" xml:lang="fr">Cercle de perles</figDesc>
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                <language ident="Grek">Greek script</language>
                <language ident="Latn">Latin script</language>
                <language ident="grc">Ancient Greek language (to 1453; assumed to be in its standard script: Grek)</language>
                <language ident="la">Latin language (assumed to be in its standard script: Latn)</language>
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                  <desc>Obverse</desc>
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                      <desc>Digital image of the obverse (2019).</desc>
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                <div type="textpart" subtype="label" n="obv" rend="columns" xml:lang="grc">
                      <ab>
                         <cb n="a"/><expan><abbr>Μι
                          <cb n="b" break="no"/>χα</abbr><ex>ήλ</ex></expan>
                      </ab>
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 <div type="textpart" subtype="face" n="rev" rend="linear" xml:lang="grc">
                      <ab>
                          <lb n="1"/>+ <expan><abbr>Κ</abbr><ex>ύρι</ex><abbr>ε</abbr></expan> <expan><abbr>β</abbr><ex>οή</ex><abbr>θ</abbr><ex>ει</ex></expan> 
                          <lb n="2"/>Μιχαήλ 
                          <lb n="4"/>μαγ<supplied reason="lost">ί</supplied>στρῳ 
                          <lb n="3"/><expan><abbr>βέστ</abbr><ex>ῃ</ex></expan> <supplied reason="lost"><expan><abbr><am><g ref="#kai"/></am></abbr><ex>καὶ</ex></expan></supplied> <expan><abbr>κριτ</abbr><ex>ῇ</ex></expan> 
                          <lb n="5"/>τῶν <supplied reason="lost">Θρ</supplied>ᾳκη
                          <lb n="6" break="no"/>σί<supplied reason="lost">ων</supplied> τῷ τοῦ 
                          <lb n="7"/>Εὐ<supplied reason="lost">θυμ</supplied>ίου
                      </ab>
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                 <div type="textpart" subtype="face" n="obv" rend="columns" xml:lang="grc">
                       <ab>
                          <lb n="0"/>Μ|ΙΧ|Α
                          
                       </ab>
                   </div>   
                 
                  <div type="textpart" subtype="face" n="rev" rend="linear" xml:lang="grc">
                     <ab>
                           <lb n="1"/>Κ̅̅/Θ/
                          <lb n="2"/>ΜΙΧΑΗΛ
                          <lb n="3"/>ΜΑΓ.ΣΤΡ 
                         <lb n="4"/>ΕΣΤ.ΚΡΙΤ
                          <lb n="5"/>ΤΝ..ΑΚΗ
                          <lb n="6"/>ΣΙ..ΤΤ
                          <lb n="7"/>ΕΥ...Ι
                         <lb n="5"/>
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              <div type="translation">
                  <p>Μιχαήλ / + Κύριε βοήθει Μιχαὴλ μαγίστρῳ βέστῃ καὶ κριτῇ τῶν Θρᾳκησίων τῷ τοῦ Εὐθυμίου.</p>
                  <p xml:lang="en">Michael. Lord help your servant Michael, <hi rend="italic">o tou</hi> Efthymiou, magistros, vestes and judge of Thrakesion.</p>
                  <p xml:lang="fr">Michel. Seigneur aide ton serviteur Michel, <hi rend="italic">o tou</hi> Euthymiou, magistre, vestès et juge des Thracésiens.</p>
              </div>
              <div type="commentary" subtype="text">
                  <p xml:lang="fr">Michel fut aussi magistre, vestès et préteur de l’Opsikion (au droit, saint Michel en
                      pied) selon des sceaux dont plusieurs sont inédits [1]. Le père du juge, Euthyme, protospathaire, fut grand
                      chartulaire du génikon et juge des Thracésiens [2]. Michel et son frère Nicéphore, qui furent accusés de complot
                      contre l’empereur, furent fi nalement acquittés sous le règne de Constantin Monomaque [3]. Michel a laissé de
                      nombreux sceaux comme juge des Thracésiens. Soit il fut très actif, soit il est resté longtemps en poste. Il
                      est titré magistre, ce qui est, à cette date, remarquable pour un juge et constitue un signe de l’importance du
                      personnage. Cependant nous ignorons presque tout de lui, sinon qu’il occupa des charges de juge de thème.
                  </p>
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              <div type="commentary" subtype="footnotes">
                  <p xml:lang="fr" xml:id="footnote-1">
                      [1]  DO 55.1.2909 (non relevé dans <hi rend="italic">DOSeals</hi>) ; M-2988 ; MK 216, éd. Wassiliou – Seibt, <hi rend="italic">Bleisiegel</hi> II, no 218) ; musée de Genève,
                      fonds Zacos inv. CdN 2004-411, éd. CAMpAgnolo-pothitou – Cheynet, <hi rend="italic">Sceaux Zacos</hi>, no 145. D’autre part, Michel fut aussi magistre,
                      vestès et stratège de l’Opsikion, selon le plomb inédit Zacos (BnF) 189.
                  </p> 
                  <p xml:lang="fr" xml:id="footnote-2">
                      [2]  Vente Hirsch 271 (février 2011), no 2704 (anc. coll. Meyer, Cologne), passé dans la collection Kofopoulos, inv. 1237..
                  </p> 
                  <p xml:lang="fr" xml:id="footnote-3">
                      [3]  Skylitzes, <hi rend="italic">Synopsis Historiarum</hi>, p. 471 ; Flusin – Cheynet, <hi rend="italic">Empereurs</hi>, p. 388-389.
                  </p> 
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                      <bibl>
                          <ptr target="CheynetTatış"/>, <citedRange unit="page">164-165</citedRange>
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              <div type="bibliography" subtype="parallels"> 
                      <bibl>
                          <ptr target="xxx"/>, <citedRange unit="page"/>
                          <!-- (α) DO 55.1.3022 ; (β) coll. Theodoridis, inv. 877 et 1020 ; (γ) IFEB 919, inédit ; (δ) coll Thierry (Etampes) 201, inédit ; (ε) Munich,
Staadtliche Münzsammlung, fonds Zarnitz, inv. 677, inédit ; (ζ) vente Münz 124 (janvier 2005), no 1068 (auj. coll. Kofopoulos, inv. 976,
inédit) ; (η) coll. Kofopoulos, inv. 2125, inédit.
Ed. de // : (α) DOSeals 3.2.18 ; (β) Cheynet – theodoridis, Sceaux patronymiques, nos 80 a et b.-->
                      </bibl>
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