<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><!-- last changed before 1.0 version release 2021-08-02 --><!-- last changed before 1.1 release: 2023-03-12 / 2023-04-17 --><!-- ongoing changes to 2.0: march 2024 --><?xml-model href="https://sigidoc.github.io/Schema/schema/latest/sigidoc.rng" type="application/xml" schematypens="http://relaxng.org/ns/structure/1.0"?><?xml-model href="https://sigidoc.github.io/Schema/schema/latest/sigidoc.rng" type="application/xml" schematypens="http://purl.oclc.org/dsdl/schematron"?><TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
    <teiHeader>
        <fileDesc>
            <titleStmt>
                <title xml:lang="fr">Sceau de André, spathaire impérial, <hi rend="acute">xénodochos</hi>, <hi rend="acute">bardarios</hi> et commerciaire de Thessalonique</title>
                <title xml:lang="en">Seal of Andreas, imperial spatharios, <hi rend="italic">xenodochos</hi>, <hi rend="acute">bardarios</hi> and kommerkiarios of Thessaloniki</title>
                <editor role="seal-editor" xml:id="JCC">Jean-Claude Cheynet</editor>
                <funder>
                    <orgName corresp="https://anr.fr/">Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR)</orgName>, France / <orgName corresp="https://www.dfg.de/">Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG)</orgName>, Deutschland
                </funder>
                <principal>Alessio Sopracasa</principal>
            </titleStmt>
            <editionStmt>
                <edition>
                    <seg xml:lang="fr">Amélioration digitale</seg>
                    <seg xml:lang="en">Digital enhancement</seg>
                </edition>
                <editor role="digital-editor" xml:id="NB" when="2024-05-13">Numa Buchs</editor>
            </editionStmt>
            <publicationStmt>
                <authority>ANR/DFG DigiByzSeal - Unlocking the Hidden Value of Seals: New
                    Methodologies for Historical Research in Byzantine Studies</authority>
                <idno type="filename">Tatish_3.49</idno>
                <idno type="SigiDocID"/>
                <idno type="sequence"/>
                <date when="2024-03-03"/>
                <availability>
                    <licence target="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/">Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International - CC BY-NC-SA
                        4.0</licence>
                </availability>
            </publicationStmt>
            <sourceDesc>
                <listPerson type="issuer">
                    <person gender="M" role="civil">
                        <persName xml:lang="grc">
                            <forename>Ἀνδρέας</forename>
                        </persName>
                        <persName xml:lang="fr">
                            <forename>André</forename>
                        </persName>
                        <persName xml:lang="en">
                            <forename>Andreas</forename>
                        </persName>                 
                    </person>
                </listPerson>
                <msDesc>
                    <msIdentifier>
                        <country>
                            <seg xml:lang="fr">Turquie</seg>
                            <seg xml:lang="en">Turkey</seg>
                        </country>
                        <settlement>
                            <seg xml:lang="fr">Izmir</seg>
                            <seg xml:lang="en">Izmir</seg>
                        </settlement>
                        <institution/> 
                        <repository/> 
                        <collection type="private" xml:lang="en" ref="URI"><rs type="collection-name" xml:lang="en">
                            <persName role="issuer" ref="https://viaf.org/viaf/48683064/">Yavuz Tatış</persName> collection
                        </rs></collection>
                         
                        <idno type="inv-nr-current">2920</idno>
                        <altIdentifier>
                            <repository/>
                             
                             
                            <idno type="inv-nr-former"/>
                        </altIdentifier>
                    </msIdentifier>
                    <msContents>
                        <summary n="whole">
                            <seg xml:lang="en">Provincial administration</seg>
                            <seg xml:lang="fr">Administration provinciale</seg>
                        </summary>
                    </msContents>
                    <physDesc>
                        <objectDesc>
                            <supportDesc>
                                <support>
                                    <objectType>
                                        <term>
                                            <seg xml:lang="fr">Sceau</seg>
                                            <seg xml:lang="en">Seal</seg>
                                        </term>
                                        <interp type="workType" xml:lang="fr">Empreinte originale</interp>
                                        <interp type="workType" xml:lang="en">Original impression</interp>
                                    </objectType>
                                    <material>
                                        <seg xml:lang="fr">Plomb</seg>
                                        <seg xml:lang="en">Lead</seg>
                                    </material>
                                    <dimensions type="support" unit="mm">
                                        <dim type="diameter">26</dim>
                                    </dimensions>
                                    <measure type="weight" unit="g">9,25</measure>
                                    <measure type="axis" unit="clock"/>
                                    <measure type="overstrikeOrient" unit="clock"/>
                                    <measure type="channelOrient" unit="clock">12-6</measure>
                                    <measure type="countermark" unit="clock"/>
                                </support>
                                <condition rend="broken"> 
                                    <p xml:lang="fr">Echancré aux orifices du canal et à gauche au revers ; flan cassé d’un côté et écrasé sur l’autre.</p>
                                    <p xml:lang="en">Indented at the channel orifices and on the left on the reverse; flank broken on one side and crushed on the other.</p>
                                </condition>
                            </supportDesc>
                            <layoutDesc>
                                <layout n="whole">
                                    <rs type="execution">
                                        <seg xml:lang="fr">Frappé</seg>
                                    </rs>
                                    <rs type="shape">
                                        <seg xml:lang="fr">Ronde</seg>
                                    </rs>
                                    <rs type="matrix" subtype="not-surviving">
                                        <idno type="SigiDoc"/>
                                        <idno type="PBW"/>
                                    </rs>                                     
                                </layout>
                            </layoutDesc>
                        </objectDesc>
                    </physDesc>
                    <history>
                        <origin>
                            <origPlace>
                                <seg xml:lang="fr">
                                    <placeName/>
                                </seg>
                            </origPlace>
                            <origDate type="analysis" notBefore="0941" notAfter="0960" evidence="epigraphy" cert="high" resp="#JCC">
                                <seg xml:lang="fr">Xe s. (milieu)</seg>
                                <seg xml:lang="en">10th C. (middle)</seg>
                            </origDate>    
                            
                        </origin>
                        <provenance type="found" subtype="discovered"> 
                            <placeName type="ancientFindspot" ref="URI" xml:lang=""/> 
                            <placeName type="modernFindspot" ref="URI" xml:lang=""/>
                            <rs type="circumstances" xml:lang=""/>
                        </provenance>
                        <provenance type="observed" subtype="seen">
                            <p xml:lang=""/>
                        </provenance>
                        <provenance type="not-observed" subtype="lost">
                            <p xml:lang=""/>
                        </provenance>
                        <provenance type="transferred" subtype="moved">
                            <p xml:lang=""/>
                        </provenance>
                        <acquisition>
                            <p xml:lang=""/>
                        </acquisition>
                    </history>
                    <msPart n="r">
                        <msIdentifier/>
                        <msContents>
                            <summary n="r">
                                <seg xml:lang="en">Obverse</seg>
                            </summary>
                            <textLang n="r" mainLang="" otherLangs="">
                                <seg xml:lang=""/>
                            </textLang>
                        </msContents>
                        <physDesc>
                            <objectDesc>
                                <layoutDesc>
                                    <layout n="r">
                                        <dimensions type="written" unit="mm">
                                            <dim type="diameter">26</dim>
                                        </dimensions>
                                        <p xml:lang="fr">Iconographie avec légende circulaire</p>
                                        <p xml:lang="en">Iconography with circular legend</p> 
                                    </layout>
                                </layoutDesc>
                            </objectDesc>
                            <handDesc>
                                <handNote n="r">
                                    <seg xml:lang="en"/>
                                </handNote>
                            </handDesc>
                            <decoDesc>
                                <decoNote>
                                    <figure>
                                        <figDesc n="r" xml:lang="fr">Croix patriarcale élancée, élevée sur trois degrés et ornée d’un fl euron
                                            à trois branches jusqu’à mi-champ et d’une étoile de part et d’autre de la traverse supérieure. A la circonférence,
                                            entre le cercle de perles enfermant la croix et celui limitant le champ tout entier, légende invocative commençant
                                            au sommet par une croisette.</figDesc>
                                        <figDesc n="r" xml:lang="en">A slender patriarchal cross, raised on three steps and adorned with a three-pointed finial up to mid-field 
                                            and a star on either side of the upper crosspiece. At the circumference,  between the circle of pearls enclosing the cross and that delimiting 
                                            the entire field, an invocative legend beginning with a cross at the top.</figDesc>
                                        <figDesc n="decoR" xml:lang="fr">Couronne de perles</figDesc>
                                        <figDesc n="decoR" xml:lang="en">Crown of pearls</figDesc>
                                    </figure>
                                </decoNote>
                            </decoDesc>
                        </physDesc>
                    </msPart>
                    <msPart n="v">
                        <msIdentifier/>
                        <msContents>
                            <summary n="v">
                                <seg xml:lang="en">Reverse</seg>
                            </summary>
                            <textLang n="v" mainLang="">
                                <seg xml:lang=""/>
                            </textLang>
                        </msContents>
                        <physDesc>
                            <objectDesc>
                                <layoutDesc>
                                    <layout n="v">
                                        <dimensions type="written" unit="mm">
                                            <dim type="diameter">26</dim>
                                        </dimensions>
                                        <p xml:lang="fr">Légende linéaire sur 5 lignes</p>
                                        <p xml:lang="en">Linear legend of 5 lines</p> 
                                    </layout>
                                </layoutDesc>
                            </objectDesc>
                            <handDesc>
                                <handNote n="v">
                                    <seg xml:lang=""/>
                                </handNote>
                            </handDesc>
                            <decoDesc>
                                <decoNote>
                                    <figure>
                                        <figDesc n="v" xml:lang=""/>
                                        <figDesc n="decoV" xml:lang=""/>
                                    </figure>
                                </decoNote>
                            </decoDesc>
                        </physDesc>
                    </msPart>
                </msDesc>
            </sourceDesc>
        </fileDesc>
        <encodingDesc>
            <editorialDecl><p/></editorialDecl>
            <charDecl>     
                <glyph xml:id="cross">
                    <mapping type="standard">+</mapping>
                    <mapping type="simplified">(cross)</mapping>
                </glyph>
           </charDecl> 
        </encodingDesc>
        <profileDesc>
            <langUsage>
                <language ident="Grek">Greek script</language>
                <language ident="Latn">Latin script</language>
                <language ident="grc">Ancient Greek language (to 1453; assumed to be in its standard script: Grek)</language>
                <language ident="la">Latin language (assumed to be in its standard script: Latn)</language>
                <language ident="grc-Latn">Ancient Greek Language (to 1453), rendered in Latin script</language>
                <language ident="la-Grek">Latin written in Greek script</language>
            </langUsage>
        </profileDesc>
        <revisionDesc>
            <change when="2023-06-23" who="#AS"/>
            <change when="2024-05-13" who="#NB">Filled in metadata in new template</change>
        </revisionDesc>
      </teiHeader>
      <facsimile>
          <surfaceGrp>
              <surface n="r">
                  <desc>Obverse</desc>
                  <graphic url="https://www.abcde.com" type="digital">
                      <desc>Digital image of the obverse (2019).</desc>
                  </graphic>
              </surface>
              <surface n="v">
                  <desc>Reverse</desc>
                  <graphic url="https://www.abcde.com" type="digital">
                      <desc>Digital image of the reverse (2019).</desc>
                  </graphic>
              </surface>
          </surfaceGrp>
      </facsimile>
      <text>
          <body>
              <div type="edition" subtype="editorial" xml:space="preserve">
                 <div type="textpart" subtype="face" n="obv" rend="circular" xml:lang="grc">
                      <ab>
                        <lb n="1"/>+ <expan><abbr>Κ</abbr><ex>ύρι</ex><abbr>ε</abbr></expan> βο<supplied reason="lost">ήθει</supplied> <supplied reason="lost">τῷ</supplied> <supplied reason="lost">σ</supplied>ῷ δού<supplied reason="lost">λῳ</supplied> <expan><supplied reason="lost"><abbr>Ἀ</abbr></supplied><abbr>νδρ</abbr><ex>έᾳ</ex></expan>
                      </ab>
                  </div>


                    <div type="textpart" subtype="face" n="rev" rend="linear" xml:lang="grc">
                      <ab>
                          <lb n="2"/>+ Ἁνδρέ<supplied reason="lost">ας</supplied> 
                          <lb n="3"/><expan><abbr>β</abbr><ex>ασιλικὸς</ex></expan> <expan><abbr>σπαθ</abbr><ex>άριος</ex></expan> ξ<supplied reason="lost">εν</supplied>
                          <lb n="4" break="no"/>ωδώχος <supplied reason="lost">καὶ</supplied>
                          <lb n="5"/><expan><abbr>βαρδ</abbr><ex>άριος</ex></expan> <expan><abbr><am><g ref="#kai"/></am></abbr><ex>καὶ</ex></expan> <expan><abbr>κου</abbr><supplied reason="lost"><abbr>μ</abbr><ex>μερκιάριος</ex></supplied></expan> <expan><supplied reason="lost"><abbr>Θ</abbr></supplied>
                          <lb n="6" break="no"/><abbr>εσ</abbr><ex>σ</ex><abbr>αλο</abbr><supplied reason="lost"><abbr>ν</abbr><ex>ίκης</ex></supplied></expan><!-- deuxième sigma pas forcément nécessaire -->
                               </ab>
                  </div>



              </div>
              <div type="edition" subtype="diplomatic" xml:space="preserve">
                 <div type="textpart" subtype="face" n="obv" rend="columns" xml:lang="grc">
                       <ab>
                          <lb n="0"/>ΚΕΟ......ΝΡ
                       </ab>
                   </div>   
                 
                  <div type="textpart" subtype="face" n="rev" rend="linear" xml:lang="grc">
                     <ab>
                          <lb n="1"/>ΑΝΡΕ..
                          <lb n="2"/>ΣΠΑΘ..
                          <lb n="3"/>ΧΟΣ...
                          <lb n="4"/>ΑΡϗΚ..
                         <lb n="5"/>ΕΣΑΛΟ.
                        
                     </ab>
                  </div>
              </div>
              <div type="apparatus">
                  <listApp>
                      <app xml:lang=""/>
                  </listApp>
              </div>
              <div type="translation">
                  <p>Κύριε βοήθει τῷ σῷ δούλῳ Ἀνδρέᾳ / + Ἀνδρέας βασιλικὸς σπαθάριος ξενωδώχος καὶ βαρδάριος καὶ κουμμερκιάριος Θεσσαλονίκης.</p>
                  <p xml:lang="en">Lord help your servant Andreas. Andreas, imperial spatharios, <hi rend="italic">xenodochos</hi>, <hi rend="italic">bardarios</hi> and kommerkiarios of Thessaloniki.</p>
                  <p xml:lang="fr">Seigneur aide ton serviteur André. André, spathaire impérial, <hi rend="italic">xénodochos</hi>, <hi rend="italic">bardarios</hi> et commerciaire de Thessalonique.</p>
              </div>
              <div type="commentary" subtype="text">
                  <p xml:lang="fr">Thessalonique fut la seule
                      grande ville de l’Illyricum à ne pas succomber aux
                      invasions avares, slaves ou bulgares. Elle devint un
                      thème au début du IXe siècle, sans doute en raison
                      de la menace bulgare consécutive à la défaite et à
                      la mort de l’empereur Nicéphore Ier en 811. Sa
                      situation au débouché du Vardar en fit un port très
                      bien placé pour les relations commerciales avec
                      les Slaves et surtout les Bulgares. C’est pour cette
                      raison que Thessalonique abritait non seulement un
                      commerciaire, mais un <hi rend="italic">abydikos</hi>, un <hi rend="italic">bardarios</hi> et un
                      <hi rend="italic">paraphylax</hi> pour garder la forteresse.
                      Le seul André, commerciaire de Thessalonique, que nous connaissons, est beaucoup plus ancien et donc
                      sans lien avec le nôtre. André cumulait plusieurs fonctions, celle classique de commerciaire, celle plus rarement
                      attestée à Thessalonique de <hi rend="italic">xénodochos</hi>, celle enfin de <hi rend="italic">bardarios</hi>. Cette dernière fonction est attestée sur des
                      sceaux datant principalement du Xe siècle, sans doute de l’époque de paix avec les Bulgares, entre la mort de
                      Syméon et l’arrivée des Russes dans les Balkans. Nous connaissons deux autres <hi rend="italic">bardarioi</hi> de Thessalonique,
                      Pardos et Kosmas[1], et deux <hi rend="italic">bardarioi</hi> qui ne sont pas liés à un toponyme, mais qu’on supposera en relation avec
                      Thessalonique, Pèsôtas et Andronic[2]. André levait donc le <hi rend="italic">kommerkion</hi> dans le port de Thessalonique, recevait
                      dans son <hi rend="italic">xénodocheion</hi> les hôtes officiels et surveillait le commerce avec les Bulgares.
                  </p>
              </div>
              <div type="commentary" subtype="footnotes">
                  <p xml:lang="fr" xml:id="footnote-1">
                      [1]  Pour Pardos, G. Schlumberger, Sceaux byzantins inédits (Cinquième série), <hi rend="italic">Revue numismatique</hi> IV, sér. 9, 1905, no 204. Pour
                      Kosmas, Wassiliou-Seibt et Seibt, <hi rend="italic">Bleisiegel</hi> II, no 224.
                  </p> 
                  <p xml:lang="fr" xml:id="footnote-2">
                      [2]  Pour Pisôtas, Jordanov, <hi rend="italic">Corpus</hi> III, nos 324-347. La plupart des nombreux sceaux de Pisôtas ont été trouvés sur le sol bulgare, ce
                      qui prouve le rôle de ce fonctionnaire dans le commerce avec les Bulgares, qui empruntaient la voie fluviale du Vardar. Pour Andronic,
                      Cheynet – Bulgurlu – Gökyildirim, <hi rend="italic">Istanbul</hi>, no 4.34.
                  </p> 
                  
              </div>
              <div type="bibliography" subtype="edition">
                  <p>
                      <bibl>
                          <ptr target="CheynetTatış"/>, <citedRange unit="page">159</citedRange>
                      </bibl>
                  </p>
              </div>
              <div type="bibliography" subtype="parallels"> 
                      <bibl>
                          <ptr target="xxx"/>, <citedRange unit="page"/>
                         
                      </bibl>
              </div>
          </body>
      </text>
</TEI>