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                <title xml:lang="fr">Sceau de Michel Kontostéphanos, curopalate et duc</title>
                <title xml:lang="en">Seal of Michael Kontostephanos, kouropalates and doux</title>
                <editor role="seal-editor" xml:id="JCC">Jean-Claude Cheynet</editor>
                <funder>
                    <orgName corresp="https://anr.fr/">Agence Nationale de la Recherche
                        (ANR)</orgName>, France / <orgName corresp="https://www.dfg.de/">Deutsche
                        Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG)</orgName>, Deutschland </funder>
                <principal>Alessio Sopracasa</principal>
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                <edition>
                    <seg xml:lang="fr">Amélioration digitale</seg>
                    <seg xml:lang="en">Digital enhancement</seg>
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                <editor role="digital-editor" xml:id="SM" when="2024-04-08">Sima Meziridou</editor>
                <editor role="digital-editor" xml:id="AS" when="2025-02-17">Alessio
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                <authority>ANR/DFG DigiByzSeal - Unlocking the Hidden Value of Seals: New
                    Methodologies for Historical Research in Byzantine Studies</authority>
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                            <forename>Μιχαήλ</forename>
                            <surname>Κοντοστέφανος</surname>
                        </persName>
                        <persName xml:lang="fr">
                            <forename>Michel</forename>
                            <surname>Kontostéphanos</surname>
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                            <forename>Michael</forename>
                            <surname>Kontostephanos</surname>
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                            <seg xml:lang="fr">Turquie</seg>
                            <seg xml:lang="en">Turkey</seg>
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                            <seg xml:lang="fr">Izmir</seg>
                            <seg xml:lang="en">Izmir</seg>
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                            <rs type="collection-name" xml:lang="en"><persName role="collector" ref="https://viaf.org/viaf/48683064/">Yavuz Tatış</persName>
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                                        <interp type="workType" xml:lang="en">Original
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                                        <seg xml:lang="fr">Plomb</seg>
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                                        <dim type="diameter">29</dim>
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                                    <measure type="overstrikeOrient" unit="clock"/>
                                    <measure type="channelOrient" unit="clock"/>
                                    <measure type="countermark" unit="clock"/>
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                                <condition rend="worn-edge">
                                    <p xml:lang="fr">A peine échancré aux orifices du canal; très
                                        fortement usé sur les deux faces.</p>
                                    <p xml:lang="en">Sligthly indented at the channel openings; very
                                        heavily worn on both sides.</p>
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                            <origDate type="analysis" notBefore="1041" notAfter="1060" evidence="epigraphy related-seal parallel" cert="high" resp="#JCC">
                                <seg xml:lang="fr">XIe siècle (milieu)</seg>
                                <seg xml:lang="en">11th C., middle</seg>
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                            <placeName type="ancientFindspot" ref="https://tib.oeaw.ac.at/static/reader/TIB/tib13.html#page/880/mode/2up" xml:lang="fr">Panormos</placeName>
                            <placeName type="ancientFindspot" ref="https://tib.oeaw.ac.at/static/reader/TIB/tib13.html#page/880/mode/2up" xml:lang="en">Panormos</placeName>
                            <placeName type="modernFindspot" ref="https://www.geonames.org/751077/bandirma.html" xml:lang="fr">Bandırma</placeName>
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                                <seg xml:lang="en">Obverse</seg>
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                                <seg xml:lang="fr">Grec byzantin</seg>
                                <seg xml:lang="en">Byzantine Greek</seg>
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                                        <p xml:lang="en">Iconography</p>
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                                        <figDesc n="r" ana="person male saint military standing sword shield" xml:lang="fr">Saint militaire en pied, armé de la lance
                                            et du bouclier: d’après les pièces parallèles, il s’agit
                                            de saint Dèmètrios. L’inscription en colonne de part et
                                            d’autre de l’effigie n’est plus lisible.</figDesc>
                                        <figDesc n="r" ana="person male saint military standing sword shield" xml:lang="en">A military saint standing, armed with
                                            spear and shield: according to the paralel seals, it is
                                            saint Demetrios. The inscription in columns on either
                                            side of the image is no longer visible.</figDesc>
                                        <figDesc n="decoR" xml:lang="fr">Cercle d’épais
                                            grènetis.</figDesc>
                                        <figDesc n="decoR" xml:lang="en">Circle of thick
                                            dots.</figDesc>
                                    </figure>
                                </decoNote>
                            </decoDesc>
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                                <seg xml:lang="en">Reverse</seg>
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                                <seg xml:lang="fr">Grec byzantin</seg>
                                <seg xml:lang="en">Byzantine Greek</seg>
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                                        <p xml:lang="fr">Légende linéaire sur 6 lignes.</p>
                                        <p xml:lang="en">Linear legend of 6 lines.</p>
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                                            légende précédée d’une croisette et suivie d’une perle
                                            accostée de tirets.</figDesc>
                                        <figDesc n="decoV" xml:lang="en">Circle of thick dots;
                                            legend preceded by a crosslet and followed by a pearl
                                            between dashes.</figDesc>
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                <language ident="Grek">Greek script</language>
                <language ident="Latn">Latin script</language>
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                <desc>Obverse</desc>
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                    <desc>Digital image of the obverse (2019).</desc>
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                <desc>Reverse</desc>
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                      <ab ana="dat">
                        <lb n="1"/>+<rs type="invocation" ref="#inv003"><expan><abbr>Κ</abbr><ex>ύρι</ex><abbr>ε</abbr></expan> <expan><abbr>β</abbr><ex>οή</ex><abbr>θ</abbr><ex>ει</ex></expan></rs> 
                           <lb n="2"/><forename>Μιχα<supplied reason="lost">ὴ</supplied>λ</forename> <rs type="dignity" ref="#d0035">κου 
                          <lb n="3" break="no"/><supplied reason="lost">ρ</supplied>οπαλάτῃ</rs> καὶ <rs type="office" subtype="military" ref="#of0245">δουκὶ</rs> 
                          <lb n="4"/>τῷ <surname><expan><abbr>Κοντο
                          <lb n="5" break="no"/>στεφάν</abbr><ex>ῳ</ex></expan></surname>
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                      </ab>
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                  <div type="textpart" subtype="face" n="rev" rend="linear" xml:lang="grc">
                      <ab> 
                          <lb n="1"/>ΚΕΘ 
                          <lb n="2"/>Μ̣ΙΧΑ.ΛΚ
                          <lb n="3"/>.ΟΠΑΛΑΤΗ 
                          <lb n="4"/>Κ̣ΑΙΔΟΥΚΙ 
                          <lb n="5"/>Τ̣ΚΟΝΤΟ  
                          <lb n="6"/>Σ̣ΤΕΑΝ/ 
                          <lb n="0"/>
                      </ab>
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                <p>... / + Κύριε βοήθει Μιχαὴλ κουροπαλάτῃ καὶ δούκι τῷ Κοντοστεφάνῳ.</p>
                <p xml:lang="en">Lord help Michael Kontostaphanos, kouropalates and doux.</p>
                <p xml:lang="fr">Seigneur aide Michel Kontostéphanos, curopalate et duc.</p>
            </div>
            <div type="commentary" subtype="text">
                <p xml:lang="fr">Ce plomb est connu par des pièces très proches de même légende,
                    dans une répartition un peu différente, notamment des plombs de l’Ermitage [1].
                    Michel Kontostéphanos appartenait à l’une des familles les plus prestigieuses de
                    l’Empire depuis qu’Etienne Kontostéphanos avait occupé la charge de domestique
                    des Scholes au début du règne de Basile II [2]. Michel était par sa mère un
                    neveu de l’empereur Isaac Comnène, qui le fit curopalate après son avènement en
                    1057. Il fut un temps duc d’Antioche alors qu’il était encore titré magistre
                    [3].</p>
            </div>
            <div type="commentary" subtype="footnotes">
                <p xml:lang="fr" xml:id="footnote-1"> [1]. M-2980, éd. <bibl><ptr target="Lihačev1991"/>, p. <citedRange unit="page">297, no.
                            9</citedRange> et <citedRange unit="part">pl. LXXXI</citedRange></bibl>:
                    +ΚΕR/Θ/|ΜΙΧΑΗΛΚΟΥ|ΡΟΠΑΛΑΤΗ|SΔΟΥΚΙΤΩ|ΚΟΝΤΟΣΤΕ|-ΦΑΝΩ- Lichačev signale qu’une
                    autre pièce de l’Ermitage est un parallèle [M-6151, anc. coll. Schlumberger, éd.
                            <bibl><ptr target="Schlumberger1916"/>, no. <citedRange unit="part"><ref target="https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bd6t54197256r/f59.item">325</ref></citedRange>, p. <citedRange unit="page">43</citedRange></bibl>, mais sans reproduction]</p>
                <p xml:lang="fr" xml:id="footnote-2"> [2]. <bibl><ptr target="ScylitzaeSynopsis1973"/>, p. <citedRange unit="page">331</citedRange></bibl>.</p>
                <p xml:lang="fr" xml:id="footnote-3"> [3]. <bibl><ptr target="Cheynet2001"/>, p.
                            <citedRange unit="page">57-60</citedRange></bibl>, repris dans
                            <bibl><ptr target="Cheynet2008e"/>, p. <citedRange unit="page">202-205</citedRange></bibl>; <bibl><ptr target="DOseals5"/>,
                            <citedRange unit="part">9.4</citedRange></bibl> = <bibl><ptr target="DOsealsOnline"/>, <citedRange unit="part"><ref target="https://www.doaks.org/resources/seals/byzantine-seals/BZS.1955.1.3105">BZS 1955.1.3105</ref></citedRange></bibl>.</p>
            </div>
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                <p>
                    <bibl>
                        <ptr target="CheynetTatış"/>, <citedRange unit="part">2.62</citedRange>
                    </bibl>. </p>
            </div>
            <div type="bibliography" subtype="parallels">
                <p>Coll. Theodoridis, no. 701: <bibl>
                        <ptr target="CheynetTheodoridis"/>, <citedRange unit="part">111</citedRange>
                    </bibl>.</p>
                <p>Vente <bibl><ptr target="Gorny"/>, <citedRange>113 (octobre 2001)</citedRange>,
                        no. <citedRange unit="entry">6171</citedRange></bibl> = <bibl><ptr target="SBS_Auctions1997-2001"/>, <citedRange unit="page">225</citedRange></bibl>.</p>
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