<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><!-- last changed before 1.0 version release 2021-08-02 --><!-- last changed before 1.1 release: 2023-03-12 / 2023-04-17 --><!-- ongoing changes to 2.0: march 2024 --><?xml-model href="https://sigidoc.github.io/Schema/schema/latest/sigidoc.rng" type="application/xml" schematypens="http://relaxng.org/ns/structure/1.0"?><?xml-model href="https://sigidoc.github.io/Schema/schema/latest/sigidoc.rng" type="application/xml" schematypens="http://purl.oclc.org/dsdl/schematron"?><TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
    <teiHeader>
        <fileDesc>
            <titleStmt>
                <title xml:lang="fr">Sceau de Grégoire Tarchaneiôtès, protospathaire impérial et catépan d’Italie</title>
                <title xml:lang="en">Seal of Gregory Tarchaneiotes, imperial protospatharios and katepano of Italy</title>
                <editor role="seal-editor" xml:id="JCC">Jean-Claude Cheynet</editor>
                <funder>
                    <orgName corresp="https://anr.fr/">Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR)</orgName>, France / <orgName corresp="https://www.dfg.de/">Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG)</orgName>, Deutschland
                </funder>
                <principal>Alessio Sopracasa</principal>
            </titleStmt>
            <editionStmt>
                <edition>
                    <seg xml:lang="fr">Amélioration digitale</seg>
                    <seg xml:lang="en">Digital enhancement</seg>
                </edition>
                <editor role="digital-editor" xml:id="SM" when="2024-04-16">Sima Meziridou</editor>
            </editionStmt>
            <publicationStmt>
                <authority>ANR/DFG DigiByzSeal - Unlocking the Hidden Value of Seals: New
                    Methodologies for Historical Research in Byzantine Studies</authority>
                <idno type="filename">Tatish_3.31</idno>
                <idno type="SigiDocID"/>
                <idno type="sequence"/>
                <date when="2024-03-03"/>
                <availability>
                    <licence target="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/">Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International - CC BY-NC-SA
                        4.0</licence>
                </availability>
            </publicationStmt>
            <sourceDesc>
                <listPerson type="issuer">
                    <person gender="M" role="military">
                        <persName xml:lang="grc">
                            <forename>Γρηγόριος</forename>
                            <surname>Ταρχανειώτης</surname>
                        </persName>
                        <persName xml:lang="fr">
                            <forename>Grégoire</forename>
                            <surname>Tarchaneiôtès</surname>               
                        </persName>
                        <persName xml:lang="en">
                            <forename>Gregorios</forename>
                            <surname>Tarchaniotes</surname>  
                        </persName>                      
                    </person>
                </listPerson>
                <msDesc>
                    <msIdentifier>
                        <country>
                            <seg xml:lang="fr">Turquie</seg>
                            <seg xml:lang="en">Turkey</seg>
                        </country>
                        <settlement>
                            <seg xml:lang="fr">Izmir</seg>
                            <seg xml:lang="en">Izmir</seg>
                        </settlement>
                        <institution/> 
                        <repository/> 
                        <collection type="private" xml:lang="en" ref="URI"><rs type="collection-name" xml:lang="en">
                            <persName role="issuer" ref="https://viaf.org/viaf/48683064/">Yavuz Tatış</persName> collection
                        </rs></collection>
                         
                        <idno type="inv-nr-current">2323</idno>
                        <altIdentifier>
                            <repository/>
                             
                             
                            <idno type="inv-nr-former"/>
                        </altIdentifier>
                    </msIdentifier>
                    <msContents>
                        <summary n="whole">
                            <seg xml:lang="en">Provincial administration</seg>
                            <seg xml:lang="fr">Administration provinciale</seg>
                        </summary>
                    </msContents>
                    <physDesc>
                        <objectDesc>
                            <supportDesc>
                                <support>
                                    <objectType>
                                        <term>
                                            <seg xml:lang="fr">Sceau</seg>
                                            <seg xml:lang="en">Seal</seg>
                                        </term>
                                        <interp type="workType" xml:lang="fr">Empreinte originale</interp>
                                        <interp type="workType" xml:lang="en">Original impression</interp>
                                    </objectType>
                                    <material>
                                        <seg xml:lang="fr">Plomb</seg>
                                        <seg xml:lang="en">Lead</seg>
                                    </material>
                                    <dimensions type="support" unit="mm">
                                        <dim type="diameter">30</dim>
                                    </dimensions>
                                    <measure type="weight" unit="g">19,78</measure>
                                    <measure type="axis" unit="clock"/>
                                    <measure type="overstrikeOrient" unit="clock"/>
                                    <measure type="channelOrient" unit="clock">12-6</measure>
                                    <measure type="countermark" unit="clock"/>
                                </support>
                                <condition rend="worn-edge"> 
                                    <p xml:lang="fr">Petite échancrure à l’orifice inférieur du canal ; usure du revers.</p>
                                    <p xml:lang="en">Small indentation at the bottom of the channel; wear on the reverse.</p>
                                </condition>
                            </supportDesc>
                            <layoutDesc>
                                <layout n="whole">
                                    <rs type="execution">
                                        <seg xml:lang="fr">Frappé</seg>
                                    </rs>
                                    <rs type="shape">
                                        <seg xml:lang="fr">Ronde</seg>
                                    </rs>
                                    <rs type="matrix" subtype="not-surviving">
                                        <idno type="SigiDoc"/>
                                        <idno type="PBW"/>
                                    </rs>                                     
                                </layout>
                            </layoutDesc>
                        </objectDesc>
                    </physDesc>
                    <history>
                        <origin>
                            <origPlace>
                                <seg xml:lang="fr">
                                    <placeName/>
                                </seg>
                            </origPlace>
                            <origDate type="analysis" notBefore="0998" notAfter="1006" evidence="epigraphy titulature" cert="high" resp="#JCC">
                                <seg xml:lang="fr">998/999-1006</seg>
                                <seg xml:lang="en">998/999-1006</seg>
                            </origDate>       
                        </origin>
                        <provenance type="found" subtype="discovered"> 
                            <placeName type="ancientFindspot" ref="URI" xml:lang=""/> 
                            <placeName type="modernFindspot" ref="URI" xml:lang=""/>
                            <rs type="circumstances" xml:lang=""/>
                        </provenance>
                        <provenance type="observed" subtype="seen">
                            <p xml:lang=""/>
                        </provenance>
                        <provenance type="not-observed" subtype="lost">
                            <p xml:lang=""/>
                        </provenance>
                        <provenance type="transferred" subtype="moved">
                            <p xml:lang=""/>
                        </provenance>
                        <acquisition>
                            <p xml:lang=""/>
                        </acquisition>
                    </history>
                    <msPart n="r">
                        <msIdentifier/>
                        <msContents>
                            <summary n="r">
                                <seg xml:lang="en">Obverse</seg>
                            </summary>
                            <textLang n="r" mainLang="" otherLangs="">
                                <seg xml:lang=""/>
                            </textLang>
                        </msContents>
                        <physDesc>
                            <objectDesc>
                                <layoutDesc>
                                    <layout n="r">
                                        <dimensions type="written" unit="mm">
                                            <dim type="diameter">30</dim>
                                        </dimensions>
                                        <p xml:lang="fr">Iconographie avec légende circulaire</p>
                                        <p xml:lang="en">Iconography with circular legend</p> 
                                    </layout>
                                </layoutDesc>
                            </objectDesc>
                            <handDesc>
                                <handNote n="r">
                                    <seg xml:lang="en"/>
                                </handNote>
                            </handDesc>
                            <decoDesc>
                                <decoNote>
                                    <figure>
                                        <figDesc n="r" xml:lang="fr">Croix patriarcale recroisetée au bras inférieur, élevée sur trois degrés
                                            et ornée de fleurons issant depuis la base jusqu’au sommet, enroulés sous le bras inférieur autour d’une étoile
                                            à six rais</figDesc>
                                        <figDesc n="r" xml:lang="en">Patriarchal cross recrossed at the lower arm, raised on three 
                                            steps and adorned with florets issuing from the base to the top, wrapped under 
                                            the lower arm around a six-pointed star</figDesc>
                                        <figDesc n="decoR" xml:lang="fr">Cercle de perles</figDesc>
                                        <figDesc n="decoR" xml:lang="en">Circle of pearls</figDesc>
                                    </figure>
                                </decoNote>
                            </decoDesc>
                        </physDesc>
                    </msPart>
                    <msPart n="v">
                        <msIdentifier/>
                        <msContents>
                            <summary n="v">
                                <seg xml:lang="en">Reverse</seg>
                            </summary>
                            <textLang n="v" mainLang="">
                                <seg xml:lang=""/>
                            </textLang>
                        </msContents>
                        <physDesc>
                            <objectDesc>
                                <layoutDesc>
                                    <layout n="v">
                                        <dimensions type="written" unit="mm">
                                            <dim type="diameter">30</dim>
                                        </dimensions>
                                        <p xml:lang="fr">Légende linéaire sur 7 lignes</p>
                                        <p xml:lang="en">Linear legend of 7 lines</p> 
                                    </layout>
                                </layoutDesc>
                            </objectDesc>
                            <handDesc>
                                <handNote n="v">
                                    <seg xml:lang=""/>
                                </handNote>
                            </handDesc>
                            <decoDesc>
                                <decoNote>
                                    <figure>
                                        <figDesc n="v" xml:lang=""/>
                                        <figDesc n="decoV" xml:lang="fr">Cercle de perles ; légende précédée d’une croisette</figDesc>
                                        <figDesc n="decoV" xml:lang="en">Circle of pearls; legend preceded by a cross</figDesc>
                                    </figure>
                                </decoNote>
                            </decoDesc>
                        </physDesc>
                    </msPart>
                </msDesc>
            </sourceDesc>
        </fileDesc>
        <encodingDesc>
            <editorialDecl><p/></editorialDecl>
            <charDecl>     
                <glyph xml:id="cross">
                    <mapping type="standard">+</mapping>
                    <mapping type="simplified">(cross)</mapping>
                </glyph>
                <glyph xml:id="alpha">
                    <mapping type="standard">A</mapping>
                    <mapping type="simplified">(protos)</mapping>                    
                </glyph>               
           </charDecl> 
        </encodingDesc>
        <profileDesc>
            <langUsage>
                <language ident="Grek">Greek script</language>
                <language ident="Latn">Latin script</language>
                <language ident="grc">Ancient Greek language (to 1453; assumed to be in its standard script: Grek)</language>
                <language ident="la">Latin language (assumed to be in its standard script: Latn)</language>
                <language ident="grc-Latn">Ancient Greek Language (to 1453), rendered in Latin script</language>
                <language ident="la-Grek">Latin written in Greek script</language>
            </langUsage>
        </profileDesc>
        <revisionDesc>
            <change when="2023-06-23" who="#AS"/>
            <change when="2024-04-16" who="#SM">Filled in metadata in new template</change>
        </revisionDesc>
      </teiHeader>
      <facsimile>
          <surfaceGrp>
              <surface n="r">
                  <desc>Obverse</desc>
                  <graphic url="https://www.abcde.com" type="digital">
                      <desc>Digital image of the obverse (2019).</desc>
                  </graphic>
              </surface>
              <surface n="v">
                  <desc>Reverse</desc>
                  <graphic url="https://www.abcde.com" type="digital">
                      <desc>Digital image of the reverse (2019).</desc>
                  </graphic>
              </surface>
          </surfaceGrp>
      </facsimile>
      <text>
          <body>
              <div type="edition" subtype="editorial" xml:space="preserve">
                   <div type="textpart" subtype="face" n="obv" rend="circular" xml:lang="grc">
                       <ab>
                         <lb n="1"/>+ <expan><abbr>Κ</abbr><ex>ύρι</ex><abbr>ε</abbr></expan>
                                       βοήθη τῷ σῷ δ<supplied reason="lost">ού</supplied>λǫ                          
                      </ab>
                  </div>
                  
                  <div type="textpart" n="rev" subtype="face" rend="linear" xml:lang="grc">
                      <ab>
                           <lb n="2"/>+ <expan><abbr>Γρη
                           <lb n="3" break="no"/>γόρ</abbr><ex>ιος</ex></expan> <expan><abbr>β</abbr><ex>ασιλικὸς</ex></expan> 
                                                 <expan><abbr><am><g ref="#alpha"/></am></abbr><ex>πρωτο</ex>
                           <lb n="4" break="no"/><abbr>σπαθ</abbr><ex>άριος</ex></expan> <expan><abbr>κ</abbr><ex>αὶ</ex></expan> κα
                           <lb n="5" break="no"/>τεπάνω <supplied reason="lost">Ἰ</supplied>
                           <lb n="6" break="no"/><supplied reason="lost">τ</supplied>αλίας ὁ 
                           <lb n="7"/><supplied reason="lost">Τ</supplied>ραχανι
                           <lb n="8" break="no"/>ώτης
                               </ab>
                  </div>
              </div>
              <div type="edition" subtype="diplomatic" xml:space="preserve">
                 <div type="textpart" subtype="face" n="obv" rend="circular" xml:lang="grc">
                       <ab>
                          <lb n="1"/>ΚΕΟΗΘΗΤΣΔ.ΛΟ <!-- w not found in Athena ruby palette -->
                       </ab>
                   </div>   
                 
                  <div type="textpart" subtype="face" n="rev" rend="linear" xml:lang="grc">
                     <ab>
                          <lb n="2"/>ΓΡΗ
                          <lb n="3"/>ΓΟΡ//Α̅
                          <lb n="4"/>ΣΠΑΘ̅Κ̅ΚΑ
                          <lb n="5"/>ΤΕΠΑΝ.
                          <lb n="6"/>.ΑΛΙΑΣΟ
                          <lb n="7"/>.ΡΑΧΑΝΙ
                          <lb n="8"/>ΤΗΣ <!-- w not found in Athena ruby palette -->
                         </ab>
                  </div>
              </div>
              <div type="apparatus">
                  <listApp>
                      <app xml:lang=""/>
                  </listApp>
              </div>
              <div type="translation">
                  <p>+ Κύριε βοήθει τῷ σῷ δούλῳ / + Γρηγόριος βασιλικὸς πρωτοσπαθάριος καὶ κατεπάνω Ἰταλίας ὁ Τραχανιώτης.</p>
                  <p xml:lang="en">Lord help your servant Gregory Tarchaneiotes, imperial protospatharios and katepano of Italy.</p>
                  <p xml:lang="fr">Seigneur aide ton serviteur Grégoire Tarchaneiôtès, protospathaire impérial et catépan d’Italie.</p>
              </div>
              <div type="commentary" subtype="text">
                  <p xml:lang="fr">Le catépanat d’Italie fut sans doute créé au moment de la réforme de Jean Tzimiskès
                      qui institua de vastes circonscriptions aux frontières de l’Empire, quoique un premier catépan serait attesté dès
                      969 [1]. Nous avons conservé un nombre modeste de sceaux provenant des possessions byzantines d’Italie du
                      Sud, compte tenu de l’importance de ces thèmes [2].
                      Grégoire, qui a succédé à Jean Amiropoulos en 998, est resté en poste jusqu’en 1006 [3]. Il est le premier
                      membre connu d’une famille qui s’établit à Andrinople et fournit de nombreux officiers au XIe siècle et au-delà.
                  </p>
              </div>
              <div type="commentary" subtype="footnotes">
                  <p xml:lang="fr" xml:id="footnote-1">
                      [1]. V. von Falkenhausen, <hi rend="italic">La dominazione bizantina nell’Italia meridionale</hi>, dal IX all’XI secolo, Bari 1978, p. 85-86. Sur Grégoire
                      Tarchaniôtès, p. 87-88.
                  </p> 
                  <p xml:lang="fr" xml:id="footnote-2">
                      [2]. J.-Cl. Cheynet, La place des catépans d’Italie dans la hiérarchie militaire et sociale de Byzance, <hi rend="italic">Nέα Pώμη, Rivista di ricerche
                      bizantinistiche</hi> 4, 2007, p. 143-161.
                  </p>
                  <p xml:lang="fr" xml:id="footnote-3">
                      [3]. Sur le personnage et sa famille, cf. I. G. Leontiades, <hi rend="italic">Die Tarchaneiotai. Ein Prosopographisch-Sigillographische Studie</hi>, Βυζαντινά
                      κείμενα και μελέται 27, Thessalonique 1998, p. 35-37.
                  </p>
              </div>
              <div type="bibliography" subtype="edition">
                  <p>
                      <bibl>
                          <ptr target="CheynetTatış"/>, <citedRange unit="page">139-140</citedRange>
                      </bibl>
                  </p>
              </div>
              <div type="bibliography" subtype="parallels"> <!-- // : (α) Archives du Mont-Cassin ; (β) DO 55.1.3344 ; (γ) coll. Kofopoulos, inv. 1426, inédit.
Éd. des parallèles : (α) trinCherA, Syllabus, no 12 et pl. VIII ; V. von FAlkenhAusen, La dominazione bizantina nell’Italia meridionale,
dal IX all’XI secolo, Bari 1978, p. 187-188 (toutes références antérieures, p. 87) ; N. oikonoMides, A Collection of Dated Byzantine
Lead Seals (Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection), Washington, D.C. 1986, no 73 ; sChluMberger, Sigillographie, p.
212-213 ; (β) DOSeals 1.2.4 ; i. leontiAdes, Die Siegel der Familie Tarchaneiotes, SBS 3, 1993, no 1, p. 35-37. -->
                      <bibl>
                          <ptr target="xxx"/>, <citedRange unit="page"/>
                      </bibl>
              </div>
          </body>
      </text>
</TEI>