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                <title xml:lang="fr">Sceau de Constantin, primicier et grand <hi rend="italic">trapézitès</hi> du proèdre</title>
                <title xml:lang="en">Seal of Constantine, primikirios and grand trapezites of the
                    proedros</title>
                <editor role="seal-editor" xml:id="JCC">Jean-Claude Cheynet</editor>
                <funder>
                    <orgName corresp="https://anr.fr/">Agence Nationale de la Recherche
                        (ANR)</orgName>, France / <orgName corresp="https://www.dfg.de/">Deutsche
                        Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG)</orgName>, Deutschland </funder>
                <principal>Alessio Sopracasa</principal>
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                <edition>
                    <seg xml:lang="fr">Amélioration digitale</seg>
                    <seg xml:lang="en">Digital enhancement</seg>
                </edition>
                <editor role="digital-editor" xml:id="SM" when="2024-04-05">Sima Meziridou</editor>
                <editor role="digital-editor" xml:id="AS" when="2024-11-23">Alessio
                    Sopracasa</editor>
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                <authority>ANR/DFG DigiByzSeal - Unlocking the Hidden Value of Seals: New
                    Methodologies for Historical Research in Byzantine Studies</authority>
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                            <forename>Κωνσταντίνος</forename>
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                            <seg xml:lang="en">Turkey</seg>
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                            <seg xml:lang="fr">Izmir</seg>
                            <seg xml:lang="en">Izmir</seg>
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                                            <seg xml:lang="en">Seal</seg>
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                                            originale</interp>
                                        <interp type="workType" xml:lang="en">Original
                                            impression</interp>
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                                        <seg xml:lang="en">Lead</seg>
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                                        <dim type="diameter">18</dim>
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                                    <p xml:lang="fr">Echancré aux orifices du canal; usure sur les
                                        deux faces d’un flan partiellement rogné sur le
                                        pourtour.</p>
                                    <p xml:lang="en">Indented at the channel openings; wear on both
                                        sides of a blank partially trimmed around the edge.</p>
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                                        <seg xml:lang="fr">Frappé</seg>
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                                <seg xml:lang="fr">Xe siècle (seconde moitié)</seg>
                                <seg xml:lang="en">10th C., second half</seg>
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                                <seg xml:lang="fr">Grec byzantin</seg>
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                                        <p xml:lang="fr">Monogramme cruciforme invocatif, de type
                                            Laurent VIII, cantonné du tétragramme habituel.</p>
                                        <p xml:lang="en">Invocative cruciform monogram of the type
                                            Laurent VIII, flanked by the usual syllables.</p>
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                                    <seg xml:lang="fr">Lettres de petit module aux extrémités d’axes
                                        fins.</seg>
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                                        axes.</seg>
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                                        <p xml:lang="fr">Légende linéaire sur 5 lignes.</p>
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                                            précédée d’une croisette.</figDesc>
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                                            preceded by a crosslet.</figDesc>
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                <language ident="Grek">Greek script</language>
                <language ident="Latn">Latin script</language>
                <language ident="grc">Ancient Greek language (to 1453; assumed to be in its standard
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                <language ident="la">Latin language (assumed to be in its standard script:
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                <desc>Obverse</desc>
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                    <desc>Digital image of the obverse (2019).</desc>
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            <div type="edition" subtype="editorial" xml:space="preserve">
                  <div type="textpart" n="obv" subtype="face" rend="monogram-cross" xml:lang="grc"> 
                      <ab ana="dat"> 
                         <lb n="1"/><rs type="invocation" ref="#inv004"><expan><ex>Κύριε βοήθει</ex></expan> τῷ σῷ δούλῳ</rs>
                        </ab>
                  </div>
                  <div type="textpart" n="rev" subtype="face" rend="linear" xml:lang="grc">
                      <ab ana="dat">
                        <lb n="2"/>+<forename><expan><abbr>Κωνσ
                          <lb n="3" break="no"/>ταντ</abbr><ex>ίνῳ</ex></expan></forename> <rs type="dignity" ref="#d0050"><expan><abbr>πρι
                          <lb n="4" break="no"/>μ</abbr><ex>ι</ex><abbr>κηρ</abbr><ex>ίῳ</ex></expan></rs> <supplied reason="lost"><expan><abbr><am>S</am></abbr><ex>καὶ</ex></expan></supplied> <rs type="office" subtype="civil" ref="#of0290"><expan><abbr>με
                          <lb n="5" break="no"/>γ</abbr><ex>άλῳ</ex></expan> <expan><abbr>τ</abbr><supplied reason="lost"><abbr>ρα</abbr></supplied><abbr>π</abbr><ex>εζίτῃ</ex></expan></rs> τ<supplied reason="lost">οῦ</supplied> 
                          <lb n="6"/><rs type="dignity" ref="#d0051"><expan><abbr>προέδ</abbr><ex>ρου</ex></expan></rs>
                               </ab>
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            <div type="edition" subtype="diplomatic" xml:space="preserve">
                  <div type="textpart" subtype="face" n="obv" rend="monogram-cross" xml:lang="grc">
                      <ab>
                          <lb n="1"/>Κ–Ρ̣.––.–Θ̣ Τ̣–Σ̣–Δ–Λ
                      </ab>
                  </div>
                  <div type="textpart" subtype="face" n="rev" rend="linear" xml:lang="grc">
                      <ab>  
                          <lb n="2"/>̣ΚΝΣ
                          <lb n="3"/>Τ̣ΑΝΤ/ΠΡΙ
                          <lb n="4"/>̣/Κ̣̣Ρ.Ε
                          <lb n="5"/>Γ/Τ..Π̣Τ̣.
                          <lb n="6"/>ΠΡΟΕΔ 
                      </ab>
                  </div>
              </div>
            <div type="apparatus">
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                    <app xml:lang=""/>
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            <div type="translation">
                <p>Κύριε βοήθει τῷ σῷ δούλῳ / + Κωνσταντίνῳ πριμικηρίῳ καὶ μεγάλῳ τραπεζίτῃ τοῦ
                    προέδρου.</p>
                <p xml:lang="en">Lord help your servant Constantine, primikirios and grand
                    trapezites of the proedros.</p>
                <p xml:lang="fr">Seigneur aide ton serviteur Constantin, primicier et grand <hi rend="italic">trapézitès</hi> du proèdre.</p>
            </div>
            <div type="commentary" subtype="text">
                <p xml:lang="fr">Constantin, eunuque comme l’indique sa charge de primicier,
                    assurait le service de la table du proèdre. Le sigillant n’a pas jugé bon de
                    préciser le nom de ce dernier, ce qui implique qu’il ne pouvait y avoir de doute
                    sur l’identité du personnage. Il faut trouver un proèdre du Xe siècle assez
                    puissant pour disposer d’une domesticité spécialisée, à l’image de celle de
                    l’empereur. La solution de cette petite énigme ne fait pas de doute, il s’agit
                    de Basile le parakoimomène, nommé proèdre du sénat par Nicéphore Phocas dont il
                    avait soutenu le coup d’Etat et qui, après la mort de Tzimiskès en 971 jusqu’à
                    sa destitution en 985 par son neveu Basile II, gouverna seul l’Empire [1]. La
                    cour du parakoimomène était organisée sur le modèle de la cour impériale.
                    Basile, il est vrai, était le véritable détenteur du pouvoir jusqu’à sa chute en
                    985.</p>
            </div>
            <div type="commentary" subtype="footnotes">
                <p xml:lang="fr" xml:id="footnote-1"> [1]. Sur ce personnage, voir en dernier lieu
                    la notice détaillée de la <bibl>
                        <ptr target="PmbZOnline"/>, <citedRange unit="entry"><ref target="https://www.degruyter.com/database/PMBZ/entry/PMBZ23078/html">20925</ref></citedRange>.
                    </bibl></p>
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            <div type="bibliography" subtype="edition">
                <p>
                    <bibl>
                        <ptr target="CheynetTatış"/>, <citedRange unit="part">2.52</citedRange>.
                    </bibl>
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