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                <title xml:lang="fr">Sceau de Jean, fils de Mènas (?)</title>
                <title xml:lang="en">Seal of John, son of Menas (?)</title>
                <editor role="seal-editor" xml:id="JCC">Jean-Claude Cheynet</editor>
                <funder>
                    <orgName corresp="https://anr.fr/">Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR)</orgName>, France / <orgName corresp="https://www.dfg.de/">Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG)</orgName>, Deutschland
                </funder>
                <principal>Alessio Sopracasa</principal>
            </titleStmt>
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                <edition>
                    <seg xml:lang="fr">Amélioration digitale</seg>
                    <seg xml:lang="en">Digital enhancement</seg>
                </edition>
                <editor role="digital-editor" xml:id="SM" when="2024-06-10">Sima Meziridou</editor>
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                <authority>ANR/DFG DigiByzSeal - Unlocking the Hidden Value of Seals: New
                    Methodologies for Historical Research in Byzantine Studies</authority>
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                        <persName xml:lang="grc">
                            <forename>Ἰωάννης</forename> 
                            <surname>υἱός Μηννᾶ</surname>
                        </persName>
                        <persName xml:lang="fr">
                            <forename>Jean</forename>
                            <surname>fils de Mènas</surname>
                        </persName>
                        <persName xml:lang="en">
                            <forename>John</forename>
                            <surname>son of Menas</surname>
                        </persName>  
                        <idno type="PmbZ" ana="https://www.degruyter.com/database/PMBZ/entry/PMBZ14028/html">PmbZ Ioannes 2898</idno> 
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                        <country>
                            <seg xml:lang="fr">Turquie</seg>
                            <seg xml:lang="en">Turkey</seg>
                        </country>
                        <settlement>
                            <seg xml:lang="fr">Izmir</seg>
                            <seg xml:lang="en">Izmir</seg>
                        </settlement>
                        <institution/> 
                        <repository/> 
                        <collection type="private" xml:lang="en" ref="URI"><rs type="collection-name" xml:lang="en">
                            <persName role="issuer" ref="https://viaf.org/viaf/48683064/">Yavuz Tatış</persName> collection
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                        <idno type="inv-nr-current">2760</idno>
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                            <seg xml:lang="en">Private</seg>
                            <seg xml:lang="fr">Privée</seg>
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                                        <term>
                                            <seg xml:lang="fr">Sceau</seg>
                                            <seg xml:lang="en">Seal</seg>
                                        </term>
                                        <interp type="workType" xml:lang="fr">Empreinte originale</interp>
                                        <interp type="workType" xml:lang="en">Original impression</interp>
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                                    <material>
                                        <seg xml:lang="fr">Plomb</seg>
                                        <seg xml:lang="en">Lead</seg>
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                                    <dimensions type="support" unit="mm">
                                        <dim type="diameter">24</dim>
                                    </dimensions>
                                    <measure type="weight" unit="g">16,7</measure> 
                                    <measure type="axis" unit="clock"/>
                                    <measure type="overstrikeOrient" unit="clock"/>
                                    <measure type="channelOrient" unit="clock">12-6</measure>
                                    <measure type="countermark" unit="clock"/>
                                </support>
                                <condition rend=" worn-edge"> 
                                    <p xml:lang="fr">Echancré aux orifices du canal placé en diagonale ; fortement rogné ; traces d’oxydation.</p>
                                    <p xml:lang="en">Notched at the openings of the diagonally placed channel; heavily trimmed; traces of oxidation.</p>
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                                    <rs type="execution">
                                        <seg xml:lang="fr">Frappé</seg>
                                    </rs>
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                                        <seg xml:lang="fr">Ronde</seg>
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                            <origPlace>
                                <seg xml:lang="fr">
                                    <placeName/>
                                </seg>
                            </origPlace>
                            <origDate type="analysis" notBefore="0701" notAfter="0750" evidence="epigraphy" cert="high" resp="#JCC">
                                <seg xml:lang="fr">VIIIe siècle (première moitié)</seg>
                                <seg xml:lang="en">8th C. first half</seg>
                            </origDate>       
                        </origin>
                        <provenance type="found" subtype="discovered"> 
                            <placeName type="ancientFindspot" ref="URI" xml:lang=""/> 
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                                <seg xml:lang="en">Obverse</seg>
                            </summary>
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                                <seg xml:lang="fr">Grec byzantin</seg>
                                <seg xml:lang="en">Byzantine Greek</seg>
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                                        <dimensions type="written" unit="mm">
                                            <dim type="diameter">24</dim>
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                                        <p xml:lang="fr">Monogramme cruciforme</p>
                                        <p xml:lang="en">Cruciform monogram</p>
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                                        <figDesc n="decoR" xml:lang="fr">Cercle de feuillage</figDesc>
                                        <figDesc n="decoR" xml:lang="en">Circle of foliage</figDesc>
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                                <seg xml:lang="en">Reverse</seg>
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                                <seg xml:lang="fr">Grec byzantin</seg>
                                <seg xml:lang="en">Byzantine Greek</seg>
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                                        <dimensions type="written" unit="mm">
                                            <dim type="diameter">24</dim>
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                                        <p xml:lang="fr">Monogramme cruciforme</p>
                                        <p xml:lang="en">Cruciform monogram</p>
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                                        <figDesc n="decoV" xml:lang="fr">Cercle de feuillage</figDesc>
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            <langUsage>
                <language ident="Grek">Greek script</language>
                <language ident="Latn">Latin script</language>
                <language ident="grc">Ancient Greek language (to 1453; assumed to be in its standard script: Grek)</language>
                <language ident="la">Latin language (assumed to be in its standard script: Latn)</language>
                <language ident="grc-Latn">Ancient Greek Language (to 1453), rendered in Latin script</language>
                <language ident="la-Grek">Latin written in Greek script</language>
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        <revisionDesc>
            <change when="2023-06-23" who="#AS"/>
            <change when="2024-06-10" who="#SM">Filled in metadata in new template</change>
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          <surfaceGrp>
              <surface n="r">
                  <desc>Obverse</desc>
                  <graphic url="https://www.abcde.com" type="digital">
                      <desc>Digital image of the obverse (2019).</desc>
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                  <desc>Reverse</desc>
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                      <desc>Digital image of the reverse (2019).</desc>
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          <body>
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                  <div type="textpart" subtype="face" n="obv" rend=" monogram-cross" xml:lang="grc">
                      <ab>
                   <lb n="1"/><expan><ex>Θεοτό[κ]ε βοήθει</ex></expan> <supplied reason="lost">τοῦ</supplied> δού<supplied reason="lost">λ</supplied>ου σου <!--lettre restituée dans le monogramme-->                      </ab>
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                <div type="textpart" subtype="face" n="rev" rend=" monogram-cross" xml:lang="grc">
                     <ab>
                        <lb n="2"/><app type="alternative">
                                <lem><expan><ex>υἱοῦ [Σισ]ηνν[ίου]</ex></expan></lem> <!--restitution lettres monogramme-->
                                <rdg><expan cert="low"><ex>υἱοῦ [Μ]ην{ν}ᾶ</ex></expan></rdg><!--restitution lettres monogramme-->
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                     </ab>
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              <div type="edition" subtype="diplomatic" xml:space="preserve">                  
                    <div type="textpart" subtype="face" n="obv" rend=" monogram-cross" xml:lang="grc">
                     <ab>
                   <lb n="1"/>.–.–Η–Β–Θ–..–Δ.–Σ
                      </ab>
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                  <div type="textpart" subtype="face" n="obv" rend=" monogram-cross" xml:lang="grc">
                       <ab>   
                           <lb n="2"/>.–Ο–Ν–ΥΙ–Ο.–.Η–.
                       </ab>
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                      <app xml:lang=""/>
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              <div type="translation">
                  <p>Θεοτόκε βοήθει τοῦ δούλου σου Ἰωάννου, υἱοῦ Σισηννίου <hi rend="italic">vel</hi> Μηνᾶ (?).</p>
                  <p xml:lang="en">Theotokos help your servant John, son of Sisinnios <hi rend="italic">or</hi> Menas.</p>
                  <p xml:lang="fr">Théotokos aide ton serviteur Jean, fils de Sisinnios <hi rend="italic">ou</hi> Mènas.</p>
              </div>
              <div type="commentary" subtype="text">
                  <p xml:lang="fr">Claudia Sode a publié un autre sceau
                      dont la lecture ne fait pas de doute, celui d’un Jean, fils de Mènas [1]. Dans
                      la collection Kofopoulos (inv. 144), se trouve une autre bulle inédite au
                      même nom, mais un peu plus ancienne avec une légende au génitif [2].
                      Notre sceau, cependant, comporte bien deux N accolés, mais la lecture
                      Sisinnios n’est pas possible, faute de place pour les premières lettres du
                      nom. Si, effectivement, il y a bien un A dans le canton, on préférera la
                      lecture Mènas, en supposant une faute d’orthographe, ce qui n’est pas rare
                      dans les légendes de sceaux.</p>
              </div>
              <div type="commentary" subtype="footnotes">
                  <p xml:lang="fr" xml:id="footnote-1">
                      [1]. Sode, <hi rend="italic">Bleisiegel</hi> II, no 229, au même avers et même monogramme au revers, et dans les cantons inférieurs, MH-NA : [υἱῷ] Μηνᾶ.
                      Vente Münz Zentrum 76 (1993), no 49 du lot 1390 ; vente Müller 72 (octobre 1992), no 686 (<hi rend="italic">SBS</hi> 6, 1999, p. 143, lecture W. Seibt :
                      Μηνᾶ).
                  </p>
                  <p xml:lang="fr" xml:id="footnote-2">
                      [2]. Au revers, une aigle tête tournée vers la droite, et entre les ailes, un monogramme invocatif de type Laurent V. Au revers, le même
                      monogramme de type Zacos 253. Dans les cantons, VI- OV - .H – N|A : υἱοῦ [Μ]ην[ᾶ].
                  </p>
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              <div type="bibliography" subtype="edition">
                  <p>
                      <bibl>
                          <ptr target="CheynetTatış"/>, <citedRange unit="page">352</citedRange>
                      </bibl>
                  </p>
              </div>
              <div type="bibliography" subtype="parallels">  <!-- // : Vente Müller 68 (septembre 1991), no 588 (SBS 3, 1993, p. 197), (lu Marianos, fi ls de Sisinnios, sur le catalogue).
Ed. du // : sode, Bleisiegel II, no 230. -->
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