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                <title xml:lang="fr">Sceau de Jean Tourkopoulos</title>
                <title xml:lang="en">Seal of John Tourkopoulos</title>
                <editor role="seal-editor" xml:id="JCC">Jean-Claude Cheynet</editor>
                <funder>
                    <orgName corresp="https://anr.fr/">Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR)</orgName>, France / <orgName corresp="https://www.dfg.de/">Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG)</orgName>, Deutschland
                </funder>
                <principal>Alessio Sopracasa</principal>
            </titleStmt>
            <editionStmt>
                <edition>
                    <seg xml:lang="fr">Amélioration digitale</seg>
                    <seg xml:lang="en">Digital enhancement</seg>
                </edition>
                <editor role="digital-editor" xml:id="NB" when="2024-05-23">Numa Buchs</editor>
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                <authority>ANR/DFG DigiByzSeal - Unlocking the Hidden Value of Seals: New
                    Methodologies for Historical Research in Byzantine Studies</authority>
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                    <person gender="M" role="civil">
                        <persName xml:lang="grc">
                            <forename>Ιωάννης</forename>
                            <surname>Τουρκόπουλος</surname>
                        </persName>
                        <persName xml:lang="fr">
                            <forename>Jean</forename>
                            <surname>Tourkopoulos</surname>
                        </persName>
                        <persName xml:lang="en">  
                            <forename>John</forename>
                            <surname>Tourkopoulos</surname>  
                        </persName>
                        <idno type="PLP">PLP Turkopoulos Ioannes 29183</idno> 
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                        <country>
                            <seg xml:lang="fr">Turquie</seg>
                            <seg xml:lang="en">Turkey</seg>
                        </country>
                        <settlement>
                            <seg xml:lang="fr">Izmir</seg>
                            <seg xml:lang="en">Izmir</seg>
                        </settlement>
                        <institution/> 
                        <repository/> 
                        <collection type="private" xml:lang="en" ref="URI"><rs type="collection-name" xml:lang="en">
                            <persName role="issuer" ref="https://viaf.org/viaf/48683064/">Yavuz Tatış</persName> collection
                        </rs></collection>
                         
                        <idno type="inv-nr-current">2674</idno>
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                            <seg xml:lang="en">Private</seg>
                            <seg xml:lang="fr">Privée</seg>
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                                        <term>
                                            <seg xml:lang="fr">Sceau</seg>
                                            <seg xml:lang="en">Seal</seg>
                                        </term>
                                        <interp type="workType" xml:lang="fr">Empreinte originale</interp>
                                        <interp type="workType" xml:lang="en">Original impression</interp>
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                                    <material>
                                        <seg xml:lang="fr">Plomb</seg>
                                        <seg xml:lang="en">Lead</seg>
                                    </material>
                                    <dimensions type="support" unit="mm">
                                        <dim type="diameter">30</dim>
                                    </dimensions>
                                    <measure type="weight" unit="g">15,69</measure>
                                    <measure type="axis" unit="clock"/>
                                    <measure type="overstrikeOrient" unit="clock"/>
                                    <measure type="channelOrient" unit="clock">12-6</measure>
                                    <measure type="countermark" unit="clock"/>
                                </support>
                                <condition rend="blank-too-small"> 
                                    <p xml:lang="fr">Echancré aux orifices du canal ; flan trop petit ; usure nette au droit</p>
                                    <p xml:lang="en">Notched at the canal orifices; blank too small; clear wear on the right-hand side</p>
                                </condition>
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                            <layoutDesc>
                                <layout n="whole">
                                    <rs type="execution">
                                        <seg xml:lang="fr">Frappé</seg>
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                                    <rs type="shape">
                                        <seg xml:lang="fr">Ronde</seg>
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                        <origin>
                            <origPlace>
                                <seg xml:lang="fr">
                                    <placeName/>
                                </seg>
                            </origPlace>
                            <origDate type="analysis" notBefore="1201" notAfter="1400" evidence="epigraphy onomastics parallel prosopography" cert="high" resp="#JCC">
                                <seg xml:lang="fr">XIIIe-XIVe siècle</seg>
                                <seg xml:lang="en">13th-14th C.</seg>
                            </origDate>    
                        </origin> 
                        <provenance type="found" subtype="discovered"> 
                            <!--<placeName type="ancientFindspot" ref="" xml:lang="fr">Panormos</placeName><!-\-la  ville n'est pas créée dans Pleiades-\->
                            <placeName type="ancientFindspot" ref="" xml:lang="en">Panormos</placeName>-->
                            <placeName type="modernFindspot" ref="https://www.geonames.org/751077/bandirma.html" xml:lang="fr">Bandırma</placeName>
                            <placeName type="modernFindspot" ref="https://www.geonames.org/751077/bandirma.html" xml:lang="en">Bandırma</placeName>
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                        <provenance type="not-observed" subtype="lost">
                            <p xml:lang=""/>
                        </provenance>
                        <provenance type="transferred" subtype="moved">
                            <p xml:lang=""/>
                        </provenance>
                        <acquisition>
                            <p xml:lang=""/>
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                        <msIdentifier/>
                        <msContents>
                            <summary n="r">
                                <seg xml:lang="en">Obverse</seg>
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                            <textLang n="r" mainLang="" otherLangs="">
                                <seg xml:lang=""/>
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                        <physDesc>
                            <objectDesc>
                                <layoutDesc>
                                    <layout n="r">
                                        <dimensions type="written" unit="mm">
                                            <dim type="diameter">30</dim>
                                        </dimensions>
                                        <p xml:lang="fr">Iconographie avec légende en colonnes</p>
                                        <p xml:lang="en">Iconography with legend in columns</p> 
                                    </layout>
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                            </objectDesc>
                            <handDesc>
                                <handNote n="r">
                                    <seg xml:lang="en"/>
                                </handNote>
                            </handDesc>
                            <decoDesc>
                                <decoNote>
                                    <figure>
                                        <figDesc n="r" xml:lang="fr">Saint Jean Prodrome de face en pied, tenant en main gauche
                                            une longue croix très rustique, la droite posée sur un objet rectangulaire. Sous le bras gauche tendu, un chrisme
                                            plutôt qu’une étoile à six rais. Le dessin est très frustre, les proportions du corps et les gestes maladroits.</figDesc>
                                        <figDesc n="r" xml:lang="en">Saint John Prodromos facing full-length, holding a long, very rustic cross in his left hand, 
                                            his right hand resting on a rectangular object. Under the outstretched left arm is a chrism rather than a six-pointed star. 
                                            The drawing is very frustrated, the proportions of the body and the gestures awkward.</figDesc>
                                        <figDesc n="decoR" xml:lang="fr">Cercle de grènetis épais</figDesc>
                                        <figDesc n="decoR" xml:lang="en">Circle of thick grenetis</figDesc>
                                    </figure>
                                </decoNote>
                            </decoDesc>
                        </physDesc>
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                            <summary n="v">
                                <seg xml:lang="en">Reverse</seg>
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                            <textLang n="v" mainLang="">
                                <seg xml:lang=""/>
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                                    <layout n="v">
                                        <dimensions type="written" unit="mm">
                                            <dim type="diameter">30</dim>
                                        </dimensions>
                                        <p xml:lang="fr">Légende linéaire sur 6 lignes</p>
                                        <p xml:lang="en">Linear legend of 6 lines</p>
                                    </layout>
                                </layoutDesc>
                            </objectDesc>
                            <handDesc>
                                <handNote n="v">
                                    <seg xml:lang=""/>
                                </handNote>
                            </handDesc>
                            <decoDesc>
                                <decoNote>
                                    <figure>
                                        <figDesc n="v" xml:lang="fr">Légende précédée d'une croisette</figDesc>
                                        <figDesc n="v" xml:lang="en">Legend preceded by a cross</figDesc>
                                        <figDesc n="decoV" xml:lang="fr"/>
                                        <figDesc n="decoV" xml:lang="en"/>
                                    </figure>
                                </decoNote>
                            </decoDesc>
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            <editorialDecl><p/></editorialDecl>
            <charDecl>     
                <glyph xml:id="cross">
                    <mapping type="standard">+</mapping>
                    <mapping type="simplified">(cross)</mapping>
                </glyph>
           </charDecl> 
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        <profileDesc>
            <langUsage>
                <language ident="Grek">Greek script</language>
                <language ident="Latn">Latin script</language>
                <language ident="grc">Ancient Greek language (to 1453; assumed to be in its standard script: Grek)</language>
                <language ident="la">Latin language (assumed to be in its standard script: Latn)</language>
                <language ident="grc-Latn">Ancient Greek Language (to 1453), rendered in Latin script</language>
                <language ident="la-Grek">Latin written in Greek script</language>
            </langUsage>
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        <revisionDesc>
            <change when="2023-06-23" who="#AS"/>
            <change when="2024-05-23" who="#NB">Filled in metadata in new template</change>
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          <surfaceGrp>
              <surface n="r">
                  <desc>Obverse</desc>
                  <graphic url="https://www.abcde.com" type="digital">
                      <desc>Digital image of the obverse (2019).</desc>
                  </graphic>
              </surface>
              <surface n="v">
                  <desc>Reverse</desc>
                  <graphic url="https://www.abcde.com" type="digital">
                      <desc>Digital image of the reverse (2019).</desc>
                  </graphic>
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          <body>
              <div type="edition" subtype="editorial" xml:space="preserve">
   <div type="textpart" subtype="label" n="obv" rend="columns" xml:lang="grc">
                      <ab>
                         <cb n="a"/><supplied reason="lost"><expan><ex>Ὁ ἅγιος</ex></expan></supplied> <expan><abbr>Ἰω</abbr><ex>άννης</ex></expan> <supplied reason="lost">ὁ</supplied> <supplied reason="lost">Πρόδρομ</supplied>
                          <cb n="b"/>ος
                      </ab>
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                  <div type="textpart" subtype="face" n="rev" rend="linear" xml:lang="grc"> <!-- metrical legend of 14 syllables -->
                      <ab>
                          <lb n="1"/>+ Σφρ
                          <lb n="2" break="no"/>άγισμα γ
                          <lb n="3" break="no"/>ραφον <expan><abbr>Ἰω</abbr> <!-- ῀ cannot be added to o -->
                          <lb n="4" break="no"/><supplied reason="lost"><abbr>ά</abbr></supplied><abbr>ν</abbr><ex>ν</ex><abbr>ου</abbr></expan> τοῦ Τ<supplied reason="lost">ο</supplied>
                          <lb n="5" break="no"/><supplied reason="lost">υ</supplied>ρκοπού
                          <lb n="6" break="no"/><supplied reason="lost">λου</supplied>
                               </ab>
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              <div type="edition" subtype="diplomatic" xml:space="preserve">
                 <div type="textpart" subtype="face" n="obv" rend="columns" xml:lang="grc">
                       <ab>
                      <lb n="0"/>.|Ι̅̅|. – Ο|Σ
 
                       </ab>
                   </div>   
                  
                  <div type="textpart" subtype="face" n="rev" rend="linear" xml:lang="grc">
                     <ab>
                           <lb n="1"/>ΣΦΡ
                           <lb n="2"/>ΓΙΣΓ
                           <lb n="3"/>ΡΟΙ
                           <lb n="4"/>ΝΤΤ.
                           <lb n="5"/>.ΡΟΠ
                           <lb n="6"/>...
                            
                     </ab>
                  </div>
              </div>
              <div type="apparatus">
                  <listApp>
                      <app xml:lang=""/>
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              <div type="translation">
                  <p>Ὁ ἅγιος Ἰωάννης ὁ Πρόδρομος. / + Σφράγισμα γραφον Ἰωάννου τοῦ Τουρκοπούλου.</p><!-- ῀ cannot be added to o -->
                  <p xml:lang="en">Saint John Prodromos. The seal of the letters of John Tourkopoulos.</p>
                  <p xml:lang="fr">Saint Jean Prodrome. Le sceau des lettres de Jean Tourkopoulos.</p>
              </div>
         
              <div type="commentary" subtype="text">
                  <p xml:lang="fr">Al. Wassiliou mentionne l’exemplaire Ζacos, mais sans illustration. Le même personnage a laissé un autre type de sceau, connu en de nombreux exemplaires,
                      à l’effigie très proche de saint Jean Prodrome, et une autre légende métrique[1].
                      Sur ces plombs cependant, on note un détail différent dans l’iconographie au droit, sous le bras gauche
                      levé du Précurseur, est gravé non pas un chrisme, mais un petit édicule rectangulaire surmonté d’un fronton, sauf
                      sur le plomb Zacos (BnF) 1029, où l’on retrouve le ☧.
                      Il n’est pas absolument certain que tous les Tourkopouloi aient appartenu à la même famille. Si c’est le
                      cas, le premier d’entre eux serait attesté au XIe siècle par le sceau de Michel, patrice[2]. Ensuite, un moine Serge
                      reçut un chrysobulle d’Alexis Ier Comnène[3].</p>
              </div>
              <div type="commentary" subtype="footnotes">
                  <p xml:lang="fr" xml:id="footnote-1">
                      [1] Ermitage, M-8196, éd. Lichačev, <hi rend="italic">Molivdovuly</hi>, p. 136 et pl. LXIII, no 10 ; Vienne, MK 487, éd. Al.-K. WAssiliou, Thèse dactylographiée,
                      no 1.1.48 (sans photographie). Des sceaux inédits, Ermitage, M-8743 ; DO 47.2.1337 ; Zacos (BnF) 1027, 1028, 1029 et (BnF)
                      1030 (copie). Le texte est édité dans Laurent, <hi rend="italic">Bulles métriques</hi>, no 637 et Wassiliou-Seibt, <hi rend="italic">Metrische Legenden</hi>, no 1078.
                  </p> 
                  <p xml:lang="fr" xml:id="footnote-2">
                      [2] Jordanov, <hi rend="italic">Corpus</hi> II, no 726.
                  </p> 
                  <p xml:lang="fr" xml:id="footnote-3">
                      [3] J. Bompaire, J. Lefort, v. Kravari, C. Giros, <hi rend="italic">Actes de Vatopédi I. Des origines à 1329, Archives de l’Athos</hi> XXI, Paris 2001, p. 117.
                  </p> 
              </div>
              <div type="bibliography" subtype="edition">
                  <p>
                      <bibl>
                          <ptr target="CheynetTatış"/>, <citedRange unit="page">327-328</citedRange>
                      </bibl>
                  </p>
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              <div type="bibliography" subtype="parallels"> 
                      <bibl>
                          <ptr target="xxx"/>, <citedRange unit="page"/>
                          <!--   Anc. coll. Zacos, mentionné par Al.-K. WAssiliou, Metrische Legenden auf byzantinischen Siegeln österreichischer Sammlungen,
Vienne 1998, p. 99 (au no 1.1.48)..-->
                      </bibl>
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