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                <title xml:lang="fr">Sceau de Michel Marachas, protospathaire et pronoètès des biens du Christ Antiphonète</title>
                <title xml:lang="en">Seal of Michael Marachas, protospatharios and pronoetes of the estates of the Christ Antiphonetes</title>
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                <principal>Alessio Sopracasa</principal>
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                <editor role="digital-editor" xml:id="SM" when="2024-04-15">Sima Meziridou</editor>
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                            <forename>Μιχαήλ</forename>
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                       <ab>
                           <lb n="1"/><supplied reason="lost">+</supplied> <supplied reason="lost"><expan><abbr>Κ</abbr><ex>ύρι</ex><abbr>ε</abbr></expan></supplied> <supplied reason="lost"><expan><abbr>β</abbr><ex>οή</ex><abbr>θ</abbr><ex>ει</ex></expan></supplied>
                           <lb n="2"/><supplied reason="lost">τ</supplied>ῷ σῷ <expan><abbr>δ</abbr><ex>ούλῳ</ex></expan>
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                           <lb n="8" break="no"/><supplied reason="lost"><abbr>μ</abbr></supplied><abbr>άτων</abbr></expan> <expan><abbr>τ</abbr><ex>οῦ</ex></expan>
                           <lb n="9"/><expan><abbr>Χρ</abbr><ex>ι</ex><abbr>στοῦ</abbr></expan> <expan><abbr>Ἀντ</abbr><ex>ι</ex>
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             <ab>
                          <lb n="1"/>.....
                          <lb n="2"/>.ΣΔ
                          <lb n="3"/>..ΧΑΗΛΑ̅
                          <lb n="4"/>ΣΠΑΘϗ̅
                          <lb n="5"/>..ΟΝΟΗ
                          <lb n="6"/>Τ/
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                      <div type="textpart" subtype="face" n="rev" rend="linear" xml:lang="grc">
                      <ab>  
                          <lb n="7"/>......
                          <lb n="8"/>.ΑΤΝΤ/
                          <lb n="9"/>Χ̅Ρ̅Σ̅ΤΑΝΤ/
                          <lb n="10"/>ΦΝΗΤ.
                          <lb n="11"/>ΤΑ..
                          <lb n="12"/>Χ
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              <div type="translation">
                  <p>+ Κύριε βοήθει τῷ σῷ δούλῳ Μιχαὴλ πρωτοσπαθαρίῳ
                      καὶ βασιλικῷ προνοητῇ / τῶν κτημάτων τοῦ Χριστοῦ Ἀντιφωνητοῦ τῷ Μαραχᾷ.</p>
                  <p xml:lang="en">Lord help your servant Michael Marachas, protospatharios and pronoetes of the estates of the Christ Antiphonetes.</p>
                  <p xml:lang="fr">Seigneur aide ton serviteur Michel Marachas, protospathaire et pronoètès / des biens du Christ Antiphonète</p>
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                  <p xml:lang="fr">Michel Marachas, qui portait la dignité, encore
                      assez élevée pour l’époque présumée de la frappe, de protospathaire,
                      avait la charge de gérer, en tant que <hi rend="italic">pronoètès</hi> [1], les biens du bureau du
                      Christ Αntiphonète. L’impératrice Zôè était une fervente fidèle du Christ <hi rend="italic">Antiphonètès</hi>. Elle créa sans doute un <hi rend="italic">sékréton</hi>
                      homonyme pour gérer la fondation pieuse qui possédait des biens en Orient, dans les terres reconquises par les
                      Byzantins au cours du Xe siècle. Une autre bulle liée à cette icône, celle de ses fidèles, peut-être une confrérie, est
                      conservée au musée d’Antioche [2]. 
                      Un Michel Marachas, protospathaire <hi rend="italic">épi tou Chrysotriklinou</hi>, est connu par une bulle conservée en
                      plusieurs exemplaires [3]. Il s’agit sans doute de notre sigillant. La lignée est bien attestée à partir de la seconde
                      moitié du XIe siècle : Georges [4], Thomas [5], Manuel [6], Syméon [7] et peut-être un Théochariste [8]. Al. Wassiliou
                      avance l’hypothèse que le nom pourrait être lié à la localité de Maragha, située au sud-est du lac d’Urmia. En tout
                      cas, le lieu de trouvaille de deux des sceaux à ce nom suggère une attache avec les provinces les plus orientales de
                      l’Empire. La représentation de saint Syméon le Stylite sur la bulle de son homonyme conduit Olga Karagiorgou
                      à l’hypothèse vraisemblable que la famille s’était établie dans la région d’Antioche.</p>
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              <div type="commentary" subtype="footnotes">
                  <p xml:lang="fr" xml:id="footnote-1">
                      [1]. Sur le <hi rend="italic">pronoètès</hi>, cf. en dernier lieu, Al. - K. Wassiliou, Der Terminus προνοητής in der byzantinischen Verwaltung, <hi rend="italic">Zbornik radova
                      Vizantološkog Instituta</hi> 50/1, 2013, p. 149-162.
                  </p>
                  <p xml:lang="fr" xml:id="footnote-2">
                      [2]. Cheynet, Antioche et Tarse, no 71.
                  </p>
                  <p xml:lang="fr" xml:id="footnote-3">
                      [3]. Cheynet, Antioche et Tarse, no 21 ; collection Kofopoulos ; collection Uptadel ; vente Gorny 152 (octobre 2006), no 2705.
                  </p>
                  <p xml:lang="fr" xml:id="footnote-4">
                      [4]. Wassiliou-Seibt, <hi rend="italic">Metrische Legenden</hi> II, no 2763 (XIe/XIIe siècle).
                  </p>               
                  <p xml:lang="fr" xml:id="footnote-5">
                      [5]. <hi rend="italic">Ibid</hi>., no 956 (XIe/XIIe siècle).
                  </p>  
                  <p xml:lang="fr" xml:id="footnote-6">
                      [6]. <hi rend="italic">Ibid</hi>., no 541 (seconde moitié du XIIe siècle).
                  </p>
                  <p xml:lang="fr" xml:id="footnote-7">
                      [7]. O. Karagiorgou, Sigillographic finds from Polis Chrysochous, Cyprus, <hi rend="italic">SBS</hi> 12, 2016, p. 60-61, no 6.
                  </p>
                  <p xml:lang="fr" xml:id="footnote-8">
                      [8]. Seibt, <hi rend="italic">Bleisiegel</hi> I, no 109. Le canal du sceau interdit de savoir s’il s’agit d’un Marapas ou d’un Marachas.
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