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                <title xml:lang="fr">Sceau de Serge II, patriarche de Constantinople</title>
                <title xml:lang="en">Seal of Sergios II, patriarch of Constantinople</title>
                <editor role="seal-editor" xml:id="JCC">Jean-Claude Cheynet</editor>
                <funder>
                    <orgName corresp="https://anr.fr/">Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR)</orgName>, France / <orgName corresp="https://www.dfg.de/">Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG)</orgName>, Deutschland
                </funder>
                <principal>Alessio Sopracasa</principal>
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                <edition>
                    <seg xml:lang="fr">Amélioration digitale</seg>
                    <seg xml:lang="en">Digital enhancement</seg>
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                <editor role="digital-editor" xml:id="NB" when="2024-05-24">Numa Buchs</editor>
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                <authority>ANR/DFG DigiByzSeal - Unlocking the Hidden Value of Seals: New
                    Methodologies for Historical Research in Byzantine Studies</authority>
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                            <forename>Σέργιος</forename>
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                        <persName xml:lang="fr">
                            <forename>Serge</forename>
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                            <forename>Sergios</forename>
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                            <seg xml:lang="fr">Turquie</seg>
                            <seg xml:lang="en">Turkey</seg>
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                        <settlement>
                            <seg xml:lang="fr">Izmir</seg>
                            <seg xml:lang="en">Izmir</seg>
                        </settlement>
                        <institution/> 
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                            <persName role="issuer" ref="https://viaf.org/viaf/48683064/">Yavuz Tatış</persName> collection
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                            <seg xml:lang="fr">Église séculière</seg>
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                                            <seg xml:lang="fr">Sceau</seg>
                                            <seg xml:lang="en">Seal</seg>
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                                        <interp type="workType" xml:lang="fr">Empreinte originale</interp>
                                        <interp type="workType" xml:lang="en">Original impression</interp>
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                                        <seg xml:lang="fr">Plomb</seg>
                                        <seg xml:lang="en">Lead</seg>
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                                        <dim type="diameter">27</dim>
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                                    <measure type="weight" unit="g">13,85</measure>
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                                    <measure type="overstrikeOrient" unit="clock"/>
                                    <measure type="channelOrient" unit="clock">12-6</measure>
                                    <measure type="countermark" unit="clock"/>
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                                    <p xml:lang="fr">Flan trop petit et rogné sur le pourtour ; au droit, déformations dues à des concrétions métalliques ;
                                        usé sur les deux faces.</p>
                                    <p xml:lang="en">Blank too small and trimmed around the edge; on the right, deformations due to metallic concretions;
                                        worn on both sides.</p>
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                                    <placeName/>
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                            <origDate type="analysis" notBefore="1001" notAfter="1019" evidence="epigraphy prosopography titulature" cert="high" resp="#JCC">
                                <seg xml:lang="fr">1001-1019</seg>
                                <seg xml:lang="en">1001-1019</seg>
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                        <provenance type="found" subtype="discovered"> 
                            <placeName type="ancientFindspot" ref="https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/837" xml:lang="fr">Asie Mineure</placeName>
                            <placeName type="ancientFindspot" ref="https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/837" xml:lang="en">Asia Minor</placeName>
                            <placeName type="modernFindspot" ref="https://www.geonames.org/298795/republic-of-turkey.html" xml:lang="fr">Turquie occidentale</placeName>
                            <placeName type="modernFindspot" ref="https://www.geonames.org/298795/republic-of-turkey.html" xml:lang="en">West Turkey</placeName>
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                                <seg xml:lang="en">Obverse</seg>
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                                        <dimensions type="written" unit="mm">
                                            <dim type="diameter">27</dim>
                                        </dimensions>
                                        <p xml:lang="fr">Iconographie avec légende en colonnes</p>
                                        <p xml:lang="en">Iconography with legend in columns</p>
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                                        <figDesc n="r" xml:lang="fr">Saint Serge
                                            de face, en buste, visage plein, imberbe, entouré d’une
                                            chevelure bouclée mi-longue, revêtu de la cuirasse.</figDesc>
                                        <figDesc n="r" xml:lang="en">Saint Sergius, full face, beardless, surrounded by medium-length curly hair, wearing a breastplate.</figDesc>
                                        <figDesc n="decoR" xml:lang="fr">Cercle de perles</figDesc>
                                        <figDesc n="decoR" xml:lang="en">Circle of pearls</figDesc>
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                                <seg xml:lang="en">Reverse</seg>
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                                        <dimensions type="written" unit="mm">
                                            <dim type="diameter">27</dim>
                                        </dimensions>
                                        <p xml:lang="fr">Légende linéaire sur 6 lignes</p>
                                        <p xml:lang="en">Linear legend of 6 lines</p> 
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                                <decoNote>
                                    <figure>
                                        <figDesc n="v" xml:lang="fr">Légende surmontée et suivie d'une croisette de perles accostée de tirets</figDesc>
                                        <figDesc n="v" xml:lang="en">Legend surmounted and followed by a cross of pearls accosted by dashes</figDesc>
                                        <figDesc n="decoV" xml:lang=""/>
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                <language ident="Grek">Greek script</language>
                <language ident="Latn">Latin script</language>
                <language ident="grc">Ancient Greek language (to 1453; assumed to be in its standard script: Grek)</language>
                <language ident="la">Latin language (assumed to be in its standard script: Latn)</language>
                <language ident="grc-Latn">Ancient Greek Language (to 1453), rendered in Latin script</language>
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            <change when="2023-06-23" who="#AS"/>
            <change when="2024-05-24" who="#NB">Filled in metadata in new template</change>
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                  <desc>Obverse</desc>
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                      <desc>Digital image of the obverse (2019).</desc>
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                  <desc>Reverse</desc>
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    <div type="textpart" subtype="label" n="obv" rend="columns" xml:lang="grc">
                       <ab>
                         <cb n="a"/><expan><ex>Ὁ ἅγιος</ex></expan> Σέρ
                        <cb n="b" break="no"/>γιος
                      </ab>
                  </div>
                  <div type="textpart" subtype="face" n="obv" rend="circular" xml:lang="grc">
                       <ab>
                        <lb n="1"/>+ <expan><abbr>Κ</abbr><ex>ύρι</ex><abbr>ε</abbr></expan> βοήθει τῷ σῷ <expan><abbr>δούλ</abbr><ex>ῳ</ex></expan>
                      </ab>
                  </div>
                      <div type="textpart" subtype="face" n="rev" rend="linear" xml:lang="grc">
                      <ab>
                          <lb n="2"/>Σεργίῳ 
                             <lb n="3"/><expan><abbr>ἀρχιεπι
                             <lb n="4" break="no"/>σκ</abbr><ex>όπῳ</ex></expan> <expan><abbr>Κωνσταν
                          <lb n="5" break="no"/>τινουπόλ</abbr><ex>εως</ex></expan> 
                          <lb n="6"/>Νέας <expan><abbr>Ῥώ
                          <lb n="7" break="no"/>μ</abbr><ex>ης</ex></expan>
                               </ab>
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              <div type="edition" subtype="diplomatic" xml:space="preserve">
                 <div type="textpart" subtype="label" n="obv" rend="columns" xml:lang="grc">
                       <ab>
                      <lb n="0"/>|Σ|ΕΡΓ|ΙΟ|Σ
 
                       </ab>
                     </div>   
                       <div type="textpart" subtype="face" n="obv" rend="circular" xml:lang="grc">
                       <ab>
                        <lb n="1"/>̣Κ̣ΕΟΗΘ̣ΕΙΤΣΔΟΥΛ
 
                      </ab>
                   </div>   
                 
                  <div type="textpart" subtype="face" n="rev" rend="linear" xml:lang="grc">
                     <ab>
                           <lb n="2"/>
                             <lb n="3"/>ΣΕΡΓΙ 
                           <lb n="4"/>ΑΡΧΙΕΠΙ
                           <lb n="5"/>ΣΝΣΤΑΝ
                         <lb n="6"/>ΤΙΝΟΥΠΟΛ
                         <lb n="7"/>Ν̣Ε̣ΑΣΡ
                         <lb n="8"/>Μ̣
                     </ab>
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              <div type="translation">
                  <p>Ὁ ἅγιος Σέργιος. Κύριε βοήθει τῷ σῷ δούλῳ. / Σεργίῳ ἀρχιεπισκόπῳ Κωνσταντινουπόλεως Νέας Ῥώμης.</p>
                  <p xml:lang="en">Mother of God. Mother of God help your servant Nikolaos, archbishop of Constantinople, New Rome.</p>
                  <p xml:lang="fr">Mère de Dieu. Mère de Dieu aide ton serviteur Nicolas, archevêque de Constantinople, Nouvelle Rome.</p>
              </div>
         
              <div type="commentary" subtype="text">
                  <p xml:lang="fr">Le revers de ce plomb porte les mêmes abréviations et sans doute les mêmes ornements
                      que l’autre sceau connu du même patriarche, qui appartient au type traditionnel du sceau des patriarches de
                      Constantinople. Il est, en effet, illustré d’une Vierge en pied, légèrement tournée vers l’Enfant qu’elle porte sur le
                      bras gauche, entourée de l’inscription invocative[1]. Le sceau de Serge édité ci-dessus prouve que Michel Cérulaire ne fut pas le premier à faire fi gurer son saint
                      patron sur sa bulle de patriarche et relativise donc le caractère exceptionnel du sceau de Michel. Il y a toutefois
                      une différence, le sceau de ce dernier, illustré par l’archange homonyme, est postérieur au type à la Vierge, car
                      il comporte la mention nouvelle de « patriarche oecuménique », utilisée après la rupture avec Rome en 1054. Le
                      sceau de Serge n’a pas été gravé dans un tel contexte. Il est probable que Serge a utilisé simultanément les deux
                      types de sceaux dont il disposait. Celui à l’effi gie de saint Serge lui servait peut-être dans les correspondances à
                      caractère non officiel.</p>
              </div>
              <div type="commentary" subtype="footnotes">
                  <p xml:lang="fr" xml:id="footnote-1">
                      [1] DO 58.106.2207, éd. Zacos II, no 12 ;<hi rend="italic"> Laurent, Corpus</hi> V/3, no 1630 ; <hi rend="italic">DOSeals</hi> 6.116.1.
                  </p> 
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              <div type="bibliography" subtype="edition">
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                      <bibl>
                          <ptr target="CheynetTatış"/>, <citedRange unit="page">279-280</citedRange>
                      </bibl>
                  </p>
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              <div type="bibliography" subtype="parallels"> 
                      <bibl>
                          <ptr target="xxx"/>, <citedRange unit="page"/>
                          <!--Zacos (BnF) 5545, inédit (tiers de plomb)..-->
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