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                <title xml:lang="fr">Sceau de Léon, protospathaire, <hi rend="italic">épi tou
                        Chrysotriklinou</hi> et juge de l’Hippodrome</title>
                <title xml:lang="en">Seal of Leo, protospatharios, epi tou Chrysotriklinou and judge
                    of the Hippodrome</title>
                <editor role="seal-editor" xml:id="JCC">Jean-Claude Cheynet</editor>
                <funder>
                    <orgName corresp="https://anr.fr/">Agence Nationale de la Recherche
                        (ANR)</orgName>, France / <orgName corresp="https://www.dfg.de/">Deutsche
                        Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG)</orgName>, Deutschland </funder>
                <principal>Alessio Sopracasa</principal>
            </titleStmt>
            <editionStmt>
                <edition>
                    <seg xml:lang="fr">Amélioration digitale</seg>
                    <seg xml:lang="en">Digital enhancement</seg>
                </edition>
                <editor role="digital-editor" xml:id="SM" when="2024-04-02">Sima Meziridou</editor>
                <editor role="digital-editor" xml:id="AS" when="2024-10-15">Alessio
                    Sopracasa</editor>
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                <authority>ANR/DFG DigiByzSeal - Unlocking the Hidden Value of Seals: New
                    Methodologies for Historical Research in Byzantine Studies</authority>
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                            <forename>Λέων</forename>
                        </persName>
                        <persName xml:lang="fr">
                            <forename>Léon</forename>
                        </persName>
                        <persName xml:lang="en">
                            <forename>Leo</forename>
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                            <rs type="collection-name" xml:lang="en"><persName role="owner" ref="https://viaf.org/viaf/48683064/">Yavuz Tatış</persName>
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                            <rs type="collection-name" xml:lang="fr">Collection <persName role="owner" ref="https://viaf.org/viaf/48683064/">Yavuz
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                                            <seg xml:lang="fr">Sceau</seg>
                                            <seg xml:lang="en">Seal</seg>
                                        </term>
                                        <interp type="workType" xml:lang="fr">Empreinte
                                            originale</interp>
                                        <interp type="workType" xml:lang="en">Original
                                            impression</interp>
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                                        <seg xml:lang="fr">Plomb</seg>
                                        <seg xml:lang="en">Lead</seg>
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                                        <dim type="diameter">27</dim>
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                                    <measure type="overstrikeOrient" unit="clock"/>
                                    <measure type="channelOrient" unit="clock">11-5</measure>
                                    <measure type="countermark" unit="clock"/>
                                </support>
                                <condition rend="crushed corroded">
                                    <p xml:lang="fr">Surfrappe possible; légères échancrures aux
                                        orifices du canal; en voie d’oxydation; traces
                                        d’écrasement.</p>
                                    <p xml:lang="en">Possibly overstruck; slight indentation at the
                                        channel openings; undergoing oxidation; traces of
                                        crushing.</p>
                                </condition>
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                                    <rs type="execution">
                                        <seg xml:lang="fr">Frappé</seg>
                                        <seg xml:lang="en">Struck</seg>
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                                        <seg xml:lang="fr">Ronde</seg>
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                            </origPlace>
                            <origDate type="analysis" notBefore="1001" notAfter="1050" evidence="epigraphy related-seal" cert="high" resp="#JCC">
                                <seg xml:lang="fr">XIe siècle (première moitié)</seg>
                                <seg xml:lang="en">11th C., first half</seg>
                            </origDate>
                        </origin>
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                            <placeName type="ancientFindspot" ref="https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/629035" xml:lang="fr">Césarée
                                (Cappadoce)</placeName>
                            <placeName type="ancientFindspot" ref="https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/629035" xml:lang="en">Caesarea
                                (Cappadocia)</placeName>
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                                <seg xml:lang="fr">Grec byzantin</seg>
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                                        <p xml:lang="fr">Iconographie avec légende invocative
                                            circulaire</p>
                                        <p xml:lang="en">Iconography with circular invocative
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                                            qu’elle tient sur le bras gauche, tête inclinée, sa joue
                                            touchant presque le nimbe crucigère. Le Christ, à
                                            mi-corps, de belle taille, bénit et tient le Livre. Dans
                                            le champ, à gauche, les sigles sont disposés en colonne
                                            et inversés.</figDesc>
                                        <figDesc n="r" ana="female Virgin bust child" xml:lang="en">The Virgin, half-body, turned towards the
                                            Child whom she is holding on her left arm, head bowed,
                                            her cheek almost touching the cruciferous nimbus; the
                                            Christ, half-body, of good size, blesses and holds the
                                            Book. In the field on the left, the sigla are displayed
                                            in columns and inverted.</figDesc>
                                        <figDesc n="decoR" xml:lang="fr">Bordure de
                                            grènetis</figDesc>
                                        <figDesc n="decoR" xml:lang="en">Border of dots</figDesc>
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                                </decoNote>
                            </decoDesc>
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                                <seg xml:lang="en">Reverse</seg>
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                                            dernière est détruite</p>
                                        <p xml:lang="en">Linear legend of 6 lines, the last of which
                                            is no longer extant</p>
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                                            grènetis</figDesc>
                                        <figDesc n="decoV" xml:lang="en">Border of dots</figDesc>
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                <language ident="Grek">Greek script</language>
                <language ident="Latn">Latin script</language>
                <language ident="grc">Ancient Greek language (to 1453; assumed to be in its standard
                    script: Grek)</language>
                <language ident="la">Latin language (assumed to be in its standard script:
                    Latn)</language>
                <language ident="grc-Latn">Ancient Greek Language (to 1453), rendered in Latin
                    script</language>
                <language ident="la-Grek">Latin written in Greek script</language>
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            <change when="2025-02-16" who="#AS">Encoding for indexing added</change>
            <change when="2024-10-15" who="#AS">Revision and correction of the entire XML
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            <change when="2024-04-02" who="#SM">Filled in metadata in new template</change>
            <change when="2024-04-03" who="#SM">Filled in comments and bibliography</change>
            <change when="2024-04-12" who="#SM">Corrections on metadata</change>
            <change when="2023-06-23" who="#AS"/>



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        <surfaceGrp>
            <surface n="r">
                <desc>Obverse</desc>
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                    <desc>Digital image of the obverse (2019).</desc>
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                <desc>Reverse</desc>
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                    <desc>Digital image of the reverse (2019).</desc>
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        <body>
            <div type="edition" subtype="editorial" xml:space="preserve">
                  <div type="textpart" n="obv" subtype="sigla" rend="columns" xml:lang="grc"> 
                      <ab> 
                       <cb n="a"/><expan><abbr>Θ</abbr><ex>εοῦ</ex></expan> <expan><abbr>Μ</abbr><ex>ήτηρ</ex></expan>
                        <!--<cb n="b"/>-->
                    </ab>
                  </div>
                  <div type="textpart" n="obv" subtype="face" rend="circular" xml:lang="grc">
                      <ab ana="dat">                         
                          <lb n="1"/>
                          <rs type="invocation" ref="#inv002"><expan><supplied reason="lost"><abbr>Θ</abbr><ex>εοτό</ex><abbr>κ</abbr></supplied><abbr>ε</abbr></expan>
                          βο<supplied reason="lost" cert="low">ήθει</supplied> τῷ σῷ
                                     <expan><abbr>δ</abbr><ex>ού</ex><abbr>λ</abbr><ex>ῳ</ex></expan></rs>
                      </ab>
                  </div>
                  <div type="textpart" n="rev" subtype="face" rend="linear" xml:lang="grc">
                      <ab ana="dat">
                         <lb n="2"/><forename><expan><abbr>Λέοντ</abbr><ex>ι</ex></expan></forename>
                          <lb n="3"/><rs type="dignity" ref="#d0066"><expan><abbr><am>A</am></abbr><ex>πρωτο</ex><abbr>σπα</abbr><supplied reason="lost"><abbr>θ</abbr><ex>αρίῳ</ex></supplied></expan></rs>
                          <rs type="office" subtype="civil" ref="#of0070"><supplied reason="lost">ἐπὶ</supplied>
                          <lb n="4"/>τοῦ <expan><abbr>χρυ</abbr><supplied reason="lost" evidence="parallel"><abbr>σωτρ
                          <lb n="5" break="no"/>ι</abbr></supplied><abbr>κλ</abbr><ex>ίνου</ex></expan>
</rs>                          <expan><abbr><am>S</am></abbr><ex>καὶ</ex></expan>
                          <rs type="office" subtype="civil" ref="#of0112"><supplied reason="lost">κρ</supplied>ιτῖ</rs> 
                          <lb n="6"/>ἐπὶ <supplied reason="lost">τ</supplied>οῦ
                          <rs type="institution" ref="#org0017"><expan><abbr>Ἰ</abbr><supplied reason="lost"><abbr>ππ</abbr></supplied>
                          <lb n="7" break="no"/><supplied reason="lost"><abbr>οδρ</abbr><ex>όμου</ex></supplied></expan></rs>
                               </ab>
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              </div>
            <div type="edition" subtype="diplomatic" xml:space="preserve">
                  <div type="textpart" subtype="sigla" n="obv" rend="columns" xml:lang="grc">
                      <ab>
                          <cb n="a"/>Θ̣
                          <cb n="b"/>Μ̅
                      </ab>
                  </div>
                  <div type="textpart" n="obv" subtype="face" rend="circular" xml:lang="grc">
                      <ab>
                          <lb n="1"/>.<gap reason="illegible" quantity="1" unit="character"/>Ε̣̣Ο̣<gap reason="lost" atLeast="1" atMost="4" unit="character"/>ΤΣΔˊΛ̣.
                      </ab>
                  </div>
                  <div type="textpart" subtype="face" n="rev" rend="linear" xml:lang="grc">
                      <ab>
                          <lb n="2"/>ΛΕΟΝΤ  
                          <lb n="3"/>ΑΣΠΑ̣....
                          <lb n="4"/>ΤΧΡΥ̣....   
                          <lb n="5"/>.Λˊϗ..ΙΤΙ
                          <lb n="6"/>ΕΠΙ̣.Ι.. 
                          <lb n="7"/>...
                      </ab>
                  </div>
              </div>
            <div type="apparatus">
                <listApp>
                    <app loc="1">
                        <lem>[Θ(εοτό)κ]ε βο[ήθει(?)] τῷ σῷ δ(ού)λ(ῳ)</lem>
                        <rdg>
                            <note><bibl><ptr target="CheynetTatış"/>, <citedRange unit="part">2.30</citedRange></bibl> [Θ(εοτό)κε βοήθει] τῷ σῷ
                                δ[ούλ(ῳ)]. Dans le verbe de l'invocation l'incertitude concerne le
                                nombre de caractères initialement visibles et l'éventuelle présence
                                d'une abréviation.</note>
                        </rdg>
                    </app>
                    <app loc="4">
                        <note>Oméga de χρυσω- établit sur la base de la pièce parallèle de la
                            collection Thierry: voir bibliographie.</note>
                    </app>
                    <app loc="5-6">
                        <lem>Ἰ[ππ-]|[οδρ(όμου)]</lem>
                        <rdg>
                            <note>dans <bibl><ptr target="CheynetTatış"/>, <citedRange unit="part">2.30</citedRange></bibl> Ἰ[ππ(ο)δρ(όμου)]</note>
                        </rdg>
                    </app>
                </listApp>
            </div>
            <div type="translation">
                <p>Θεοῦ Μήτηρ. Θεοτόκε βοήθει τῷ σῷ δούλῳ / Λέοντι πρωτοσπαθαρίῳ ἐπὶ τοῦ
                    χρυσωτρικλίνου καὶ κριτῖ ἐπὶ τοῦ Ἰπποδρόμου.</p>
                <p xml:lang="en">Mother of God. Mother of God help your servant Leo protospatharios,
                    epi tou Chrysotriklinou and judge of the Hippodrome.</p>
                <p xml:lang="fr">Mère de Dieu. Mère de Dieu aide ton serviteur Léon protospathaire,
                    épi tou Chrysotriklinou et juge de l’Hippodrome.</p>
            </div>
            <div type="commentary" subtype="text">
                <p xml:lang="fr">Un autre Léon contemporain, juge de l’Hippodrome et protospathaire,
                    est connu, mais son éditeur, V. Laurent, ne fait aucun rapprochement entre les
                    deux homonymes [1]. Il est vrai que la répartition de la légende est différente,
                    que les types de Vierge ne sont pas les mêmes et que le prénom Léon est plutôt
                    répandu.</p>
            </div>
            <div type="commentary" subtype="footnotes">
                <p xml:lang="fr" xml:id="footnote-1"> [1].Sceau Fogg 733, publié dans <bibl>
                        <ptr target="LaurentCorpus2"/>, <citedRange unit="part">873</citedRange></bibl>, et dans <bibl>
                        <ptr target="DOsealsOnline"/>, <citedRange unit="part"><ref target="https://www.doaks.org/resources/seals/byzantine-seals/BZS.1951.31.5.733/view">BZS.1951.31.5.733</ref></citedRange>
                    </bibl>. Au droit, la Vierge en buste, tenant le médaillon, et au revers: .εοντ
                    | .ˊσπθ, | .π,τουχρυσο | ...ι,κρι | ..ουιππˊ | .ρο.. Voir aussi <bibl>
                        <ptr target="PBW"/>, <citedRange unit="entry"><ref target="http://pbw2016.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/person/Leon/20225/">Leon
                                20225</ref></citedRange>
                    </bibl>.</p>
            </div>
            <div type="bibliography" subtype="edition">
                <p>
                    <bibl>
                        <ptr target="CheynetTatış"/>, <citedRange unit="part">2.30</citedRange>.
                    </bibl>
                </p>
            </div>
            <div type="bibliography" subtype="parallels">
                <p>Collection Thierry, 107:
                    <bibl>
                        <ptr target="LaurentCorpus2"/>, <citedRange unit="part">858</citedRange>.
                        Alternativement à ce qui est indiqué dans <bibl>
                            <ptr target="CheynetTatış"/>, p. <citedRange unit="page">55, n.
                                28</citedRange> la distribution de la légende au revers du sceau
                            Thierry pourrait bien être considérée identique à celle du sceau Tatış,
                            ce qui en fait un parallèle à proprement parler.</bibl>
                    </bibl>
                </p>
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