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                <title xml:lang="fr">Sceau de Michel, patrice, anthypatos, vestès et juge de Cappadoce</title>
                <title xml:lang="en">Seal of Michael, patrikios, athypatos, vestes and judge of Cappadocia</title>
                <editor role="seal-editor" xml:id="JCC">Jean-Claude Cheynet</editor>
                <funder>
                    <orgName corresp="https://anr.fr/">Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR)</orgName>, France / <orgName corresp="https://www.dfg.de/">Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG)</orgName>, Deutschland
                </funder>
                <principal>Alessio Sopracasa</principal>
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                <edition>
                    <seg xml:lang="fr">Amélioration digitale</seg>
                    <seg xml:lang="en">Digital enhancement</seg>
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                <editor role="digital-editor" xml:id="SM" when="2024-04-15">Sima Meziridou</editor>
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                <authority>ANR/DFG DigiByzSeal - Unlocking the Hidden Value of Seals: New
                    Methodologies for Historical Research in Byzantine Studies</authority>
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                            <forename>Μιχαήλ</forename>
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                            <forename>Michel</forename>
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                        <persName xml:lang="en">
                            <forename>Michael</forename>
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                            <seg xml:lang="fr">Turquie</seg>
                            <seg xml:lang="en">Turkey</seg>
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                        <settlement>
                            <seg xml:lang="fr">Izmir</seg>
                            <seg xml:lang="en">Izmir</seg>
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                        <repository/> 
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                            <seg xml:lang="en">Provincial administration</seg>
                            <seg xml:lang="fr">Administration provinciale</seg>
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                                            <seg xml:lang="fr">Sceau</seg>
                                            <seg xml:lang="en">Seal</seg>
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                                        <interp type="workType" xml:lang="fr">Empreinte originale</interp>
                                        <interp type="workType" xml:lang="en">Original impression</interp>
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                                    <material>
                                        <seg xml:lang="fr">Plomb</seg>
                                        <seg xml:lang="en">Lead</seg>
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                                        <dim type="diameter">27</dim>
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                                    <measure type="weight" unit="g">19,4</measure>
                                    <measure type="axis" unit="clock"/>
                                    <measure type="overstrikeOrient" unit="clock"/>
                                    <measure type="channelOrient" unit="clock">12-6</measure>
                                    <measure type="countermark" unit="clock"/>
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                                <condition rend="crushed"> 
                                    <p xml:lang="fr">Petites échancrures aux orifices du canal ; quelques points d’oxydation et d’écrasement sur les deux
                                        faces.</p>
                                    <p xml:lang="en">Small indentations at the channel openings; a few spots of oxidation and crushing on both surfaces.</p>
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                                        <seg xml:lang="fr">Frappé</seg>
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                                    <placeName/>
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                            <origDate type="analysis" notBefore="1051" notAfter="1075" evidence="epigraphy" cert="high" resp="#JCC">
                                <seg xml:lang="fr">XIe siècle (troisième quart)</seg>
                                <seg xml:lang="en">11th C. third quarter</seg>
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                            <placeName type="ancientFindspot" ref="URI" xml:lang=""/> 
                            <placeName type="modernFindspot" ref="URI" xml:lang=""/>
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                                <seg xml:lang="en">Obverse</seg>
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                                <seg xml:lang="fr">Grec byzantin</seg>
                                <seg xml:lang="en">Byzantine Greek</seg>
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                                            <dim type="diameter">27</dim>
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                                        <p xml:lang="fr">Iconographie avec légende en colonnes</p>
                                        <p xml:lang="en">Iconography with legend in columns</p>                     
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                                    <figure>
                                        <figDesc n="r" xml:lang="fr">Vierge en pied de face, orante, le manteau largement éployé, sans le
                                            médaillon</figDesc> 
                                        <figDesc n="r" xml:lang="en">The Virgin standing, praying, mantle widely spread, without medallion</figDesc> 
                                        <figDesc n="decoR" xml:lang="fr">Cercle de perles</figDesc>
                                        <figDesc n="decoR" xml:lang="en">Circle of pearls</figDesc>
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                                <seg xml:lang="en">Reverse</seg>
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                                <seg xml:lang="fr">Grec byzantin</seg>
                                <seg xml:lang="en">Byzantine Greek</seg>
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                                    <layout n="v">
                                        <dimensions type="written" unit="mm">
                                            <dim type="diameter">27</dim>
                                        </dimensions>
                                        <p xml:lang="fr">Légende linéaire sur 7 lignes</p>
                                        <p xml:lang="en">Linear legend of 7 lines</p> 
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                                <decoNote>
                                    <figure>
                                        <figDesc n="v" xml:lang=""/>
                                        <figDesc n="decoV" xml:lang="fr">Cercle de perles ; légende précédée d’une croisette ; la dernière ligne est cantonnée de tirets</figDesc>
                                        <figDesc n="decoV" xml:lang="en">Circle of pearls; legend preceded by a cross and the last line is flanked by dashes</figDesc>
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                    <mapping type="standard">+</mapping>
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                    <mapping type="simplified">(kai)</mapping>
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            <langUsage>
                <language ident="Grek">Greek script</language>
                <language ident="Latn">Latin script</language>
                <language ident="grc">Ancient Greek language (to 1453; assumed to be in its standard script: Grek)</language>
                <language ident="la">Latin language (assumed to be in its standard script: Latn)</language>
                <language ident="grc-Latn">Ancient Greek Language (to 1453), rendered in Latin script</language>
                <language ident="la-Grek">Latin written in Greek script</language>
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        <revisionDesc>
            <change when="2023-06-23" who="#AS"/>
            <change when="2024-04-15" who="#SM">Filled in metadata in new template</change>
            <change when="2024-06-21" who="#SM">Corrections in metadata</change>
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                  <desc>Obverse</desc>
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                      <desc>Digital image of the obverse (2019).</desc>
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                  <desc>Reverse</desc>
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                      <desc>Digital image of the reverse (2019).</desc>
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                   <div type="textpart" subtype="sigla" n="obv" rend="columns" xml:lang="grc">
                       <ab>
                         <cb n="a"/><supplied reason="lost"><expan><abbr>Μ</abbr><ex>ήτη</ex><abbr>ρ</abbr></expan></supplied><!-- en l'absence de //, mettre ne apparat les alternatives, notamment MHP -->
                        <cb n="b"/><expan><abbr>Θ</abbr><ex>εο</ex><abbr>ῦ</abbr></expan>
                      </ab>
                   </div>                 
                  <div type="textpart" n="rev" subtype="face" rend="linear" xml:lang="grc">
                      <ab>
                           <lb n="1"/>+ <expan><abbr>Θ</abbr><ex>εοτό</ex><abbr>κε</abbr></expan> <expan><abbr>β</abbr><ex>οή</ex><abbr>θ</abbr><ex>ει</ex></expan> 
                           <lb n="2"/>τῷ σῷ <expan><abbr>δούλ</abbr><ex>ῳ</ex></expan>
                           <lb n="3"/>Μιχαὴλ <expan><abbr>π</abbr><ex>ατ</ex><abbr>ρι</abbr><ex>κίῳ</ex></expan>
                           <lb n="4"/><expan><abbr>ἀνθυπάτ</abbr><ex>ῳ</ex></expan>
                           <lb n="5"/><expan><abbr>βέστ</abbr><ex>ῃ</ex></expan>  <expan><abbr><am><g ref="#kai"/></am></abbr><ex>καὶ</ex></expan> <expan><abbr>κρι</abbr><supplied reason="lost"><abbr>τ</abbr><ex>ῇ</ex></supplied></expan>
                           <lb n="6"/><expan><abbr>Καπ</abbr><ex>π</ex><abbr>αδο<!-- deuxième pi pas forcément nécassaire -->
                           <lb n="7" break="no"/>κήα</abbr><ex>ς</ex></expan>
                               </ab>
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                <div type="textpart" subtype="sigla" n="obv" rend="columns" xml:lang="grc">
             <ab>
                 <cb n="a"/>..
                 <cb n="b"/>Θ̅Υ̅
             </ab>
                </div>
                  <div type="textpart" subtype="face" n="rev" rend="linear" xml:lang="grc">
                      <ab>  
                          <lb n="1"/>Θ̅Κ̅Ε/Θ/
                          <lb n="2"/>ΤΣΔΛ <!-- Δ not found in Athena ruby palette -->
                          <lb n="3"/>ΙΧΑΗΛΠ̅Ρ̅Ι̅
                          <lb n="4"/>ΑΝΘΥΠΑΤ
                          <lb n="5"/>ΕΣΤ/ϗΚΡΙ.
                          <lb n="6"/>ΑΠΑΔΟ <!-- Δ not found in Athena ruby palette -->
                          <lb n="7"/>ΗΑ
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                      <app xml:lang=""/>
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              <div type="translation">
                  <p>Μήτηρ Θεοῦ. / + Θεοτόκε βοήθει τῷ σῷ δούλῳ Μιχαὴλ πατρικίῳ ἀνθυπάτῳ βέστῃ καὶ κριτῇ Καππαδοκήας.</p>
                  <p xml:lang="en">Mother of God. Theotokos help your servant Michael, patrikios, anthypatos, vestes and judge of Cappadocia.</p>
                  <p xml:lang="fr">Mère de Dieu. Théotokos aide ton serviteur Michel, patrice, anthypatos, vestès et juge de Cappadoce.</p>
              </div>
              <div type="commentary" subtype="text">
                  <p xml:lang="fr">La Cappadoce, tourme du thème des Anatoliques, devint une clisure avant
                      d’être promue au rang de thème avant 830. Al.-K. Wassiliou-Seibt a étudié les juges de Cappadoce et donné une liste de ceux connus au xie siècle, soit
                      une douzaine de personnages [1]. Trois Michel apparaissent. Les bulles des deux premiers sont frappées nettement
                      avant la nôtre. La troisième, en revanche, en est assez proche par la date. Michel y est titré patrice et y mentionne
                      les charges de chartulaire du <hi rend="italic">génikon</hi> et de juge de l’Hippodrome. Ce pourrait être notre fonctionnaire à une étape
                      antérieure de sa carrière, mais la fréquence du nom Michel en ce siècle et surtout le fait que ce juge ait choisi de
                      faire figurer saint Michel en pied invitent à le distinguer de notre sigillant. Notre sceau révèle donc un juge de
                      Cappadoce jusqu’ici inconnu.</p>
              </div>
              <div type="commentary" subtype="footnotes">
                  <p xml:lang="fr" xml:id="footnote-1">
                      [1]. Al.-K. Wassiliou, Προσωπογραφία και σφραγιστική· Κριταί Καππαδοκίας (10ος – 11ος αι.). Σκέψεις σχετικά με την επιστημονική
                      προσέγγιση του σφραγιστικού υλικού, dans <hi rend="italic">Actes du ΣΤ’ συνεδρίο για τον Ελληνισμό της Μικράς Ασίας</hi>. Thessalonique 2002, p. 41-54.
                  </p> 
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                      <bibl>
                          <ptr target="CheynetTatış"/>, <citedRange unit="page">121-122</citedRange>
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